Deck 21: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Which of the following hold two strands of DNA in an a helix?

A)disulfide linkages
B)ester linkages
C)glycosidic linkages
D)peptide bonds
E)hydrogen bonds

Answer 1

hydrogen bonds

Question 2

The two new DNA molecules formed in replication

A)are complementary to the original DNA.
B)both contain only the parent DNA strands.
C)both contain only two new daughter DNA strands.
D)contain one parent and one daughter strand.
E)are identical, with one containing both parent strands, and the other containing both daughter strands.

Answer 2

contain one parent and one daughter strand.

Question 3

The two strands of the double helix of DNA are held together by

A)dipole-dipole interactions.
B)ionic bonds.
C)sugar-to-phosphate bonds.
D)hydrogen bonds.
E)covalent bonds.

Answer 3

hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following cannot be found in DNA?

A)adenine
B)ribose
C)thymine
D)guanine
E)cytosine

Question 5

A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

A)purine
B)complementary base
C)nucleotide
D)nucleoside
E)base pair

Question 6

Which one of the following base pairs is found in DNA?

A)guanine-uracil
B)adenine-thymine
C)adenine-uracil
D)adenine-guanine
E)cytosine-thymine

Question 7

Guanine is one example of a nitrogen base that is a

A)pyrimidine.
B)5-carbon sugar.
C)cofactor.
D)purine.
E)phosphodiester.

Question 8

The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to the segment
is

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step in DNA replication?

A) DNA polymerase forms bonds between a of one nucleotide and a of another on the DNA strand.
B) mRNA sends a message to form a new strand of DNA.
C) Mediated by DNA polymerase, a base on the DNA pairs with its complementary base free in solution.
D) DNA ligase connects short segments of DNA on one strand.
E) On the leading strand, the DNA is synthesized continuously.

Question 10

The nucleotides in the backbone of DNA are held together by

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)phosphodiester linkages.
D)peptide bonds.
E)glycosidic bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following can be found in DNA?

A)ribose
B)GMP
C)deoxyadenosine
D)glycine
E)uracil

Question 12

When DNA duplicates itself, the correct placement of the nucleotides is accomplished by

A)complementary base pairing.
B)polymerase.
C)enzyme matching.
D)transcription.
E)base matching.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Thymine and guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.
B)Cytosine and guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.
C)Thymine and guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 3 hydrogen bonds.
D)Cytosine and thymine are a complementary base pair that forms 3 hydrogen bonds.
E)Thymine and adenine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.

Question 14

A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing a base and a sugar.

A)base pair
B)nucleotide
C)complementary base
D)pyrimidine
E)nucleoside

Question 15

Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A)cytosine
B)uracil
C)thymine
D)guanine
E)deoxyribose

Question 16

Which of the following cannot be found in an RNA nucleotide?

A)pyrimidine
B)purine
C)ribose
D)deoxyribose
E)phosphate

Question 17

What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

A)A nucleoside contains guanine, and a nucleotide does not.
B)A nucleoside contains phosphate, and a nucleotide does not.
C)A nucleoside contains uracil, and a nucleotide does not.
D)A nucleotide contains ribose, and a nucleoside does not.
E)A nucleotide contains phosphate, and a nucleoside does not.

Question 18

When DNA replicates, a guanine forms a base pair with

A)uracil.
B)cytosine.
C)guanine.
D)adenine.
E)thymine.

Question 19

The bonds that link the base pairs in the DNA double helix are

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)hydrophobic bonds.
C)peptide bonds.
D)ester bonds.
E)ionic bonds.

Question 20

A nucleic acid sequence is read from the ________ to the ________.

A)free 3' phosphate; free 5' hydroxyl
B)free 5' phosphate; free 3' hydroxyl
C)free 3' hydroxyl; free 5' phosphate
D)free 5' hydroxyl; free 3' phosphate

Question 21

A DNA template having the base sequence would produce a mRNA with a base sequence of

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 22

The backbone of the helix of DNA is held together by

A)dipole-dipole interactions.
B)sugar-to-phosphate bonds.
C)ionic bonds.
D)covalent bonds.
E)hydrogen bonds.

Question 23

What is the process in which the DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand?

A)transcription
B)translation
C)complementation
D)restriction
E)replication

Question 24

A tRNA is activated when it

A)leaves the ribosome.
B)releases its specific amino acid.
C)attaches to the ribosome.
D)attaches to mRNA.
E)attaches to its specific amino acid.

Question 25

Which one of these base pairs is found in RNA?

A)guanine-thymine
B)guanine-cytosine
C)adenine-thymine
D)adenine-cytosine
E)adenine-guanine

Question 26

In the synthesis of mRNA, an adenine in the DNA pairs with

A)adenine.
B)uracil.
C)cytosine.
D)guanine.
E)thymine.

Question 27

Codons are a series of three nucleotides in mRNA that

A)signal the start of RNA synthesis.
B)signal the start of DNA synthesis.
C)code for one or more bases in mRNA.
D)code for amino acids.
E)signal the end of DNA synthesis.

Question 28

Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 29

Translation is the process whereby

A)protein is synthesized from mRNA.
B)mRNA is synthesized from DNA.
C)DNA is synthesized from mRNA.
D)DNA is synthesized from DNA.
E)protein is synthesized from DNA.

Question 30

Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 31

When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA, the process is called

A)transposition.
B)transportation.
C)transliteration.
D)translation.
E)transcription.

Question 32

Which of the following types of RNA has a large subunit and a small subunit?

A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)sRNA
D)rRNA
E)hRNA

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true for DNA?

A)Cytosine and guanine are a complementary base pair that form 2 hydrogen bonds.
B)Cytosine and uracil are a complementary base pair that form 3 hydrogen bonds.
C)Thymine and uracil are a complementary base pair that form 3 hydrogen bonds.
D)Thymine and adenine are a complementary base pair that form 2 hydrogen bonds.
E)Thymine and guanine are a complementary base pair that form 3 hydrogen bonds.

Question 34

Some sections of a DNA molecule do not code for protein synthesis. These segments are called

A)exons.
B)codons.
C)introns.
D)anticodons.
E)Okazaki fragments.

Question 35

The anticodon is

A)complementary to the codon on tRNA.
B)identical to the codon on mRNA.
C)identical to the codon on DNA.
D)complementary to the codon on mRNA.
E)complementary to the codon on DNA.

Question 36

In transcription,

A)both strands of the DNA are copied.
B)uracil pairs with thymine.
C)a double helix containing one parent strand and one daughter strand is produced.
D)the mRNA produced is complementary to the template strand of the DNA.
E)the mRNA produced is identical to the parent DNA.

Question 37

The codon is found on ________, and the anticodon is found on ________.

A)tRNA; mRNA
B)ribosomes; tRNA
C)mRNA; tRNA
D)rRNA; tRNA
E)mRNA; rRNA

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a step in protein synthesis?

A)chain termination
B)unwinding of two strands of mRNA
C)initiation
D)activation of tRNA
E)chain elongation

Question 39

Which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol for protein synthesis?

A)sRNA
B)hRNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA
E)rRNA

Question 40

During protein synthesis, the codon for an amino acid is found on

A)sRNA.
B)rRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)mRNA.
E)DNA.

Question 41

Small particles, with 3 to 200 genes, that cannot replicate without a host cell are called

A)plasmids.
B)recombinant DNAs.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.
E)tumors.

Question 42

One therapeutic product now available due to recombinant DNA technology is

A)sulfamethoxazole.
B)penicillin.
C)human growth hormone.
D)measles vaccine.
E)tamoxifen.

Question 43

Protease inhibitors, which are effective anti-HIV drugs,

A)are nucleoside analogs.
B)prevent reverse transcription.
C)prevent mRNA synthesis.
D)prevent activation of tRNA.
E)prevent synthesis of viral proteins.

Question 44

DNA fingerprinting uses ________ to produce DNA fragments that can be separated and screened for the presence of genetic diseases.

A)restriction enzymes
B)bacterial plasmids
C)codons
D)extracellular DNA
E)anticodons

Question 45

Mutations are the result of

A)alterations in the sugar component of the DNA backbone.
B)exposure to water in utero.
C)physical trauma in the mother's childhood.
D)alterations in the phosphate of the DNA backbone.
E)alterations in the DNA nucleotide sequence.

Question 46

When a mutation occurs by elimination of one base in a DNA sequence, this mutation is called a

A)deletion mutation.
B)translocation mutation.
C)substitution mutation.
D)viral mutation.
E)retrovirus insertion.

Question 47

Recombinant DNA technology requires the use of bacterial

A)endoplasmic reticulum.
B)mitochondria.
C)cell walls.
D)plasmids.
E)ribosomes.

Question 48

In the study of genetics, the abbreviation PCR refers to

A)protein combination and replication.
B)purine coded ribose.
C)pyrimidine complement restriction.
D)polymerase chain reaction.
E)purine chain repression.

Question 49

The polymerase chain reaction is used in

A)replication.
B)translation.
C)preparing recombinant DNA.
D)DNA fingerprinting.
E)transcription.

Question 50

Which of the following is used in the preparation of recombinant DNA?

A)RNA polymerase
B)restriction enzyme
C)repressor protein
D)enzyme induction
E)DNA polymerase

Question 51

The result of a defective enzyme caused by a mutation in the DNA nucleotide sequence is

A)recombinant DNA.
B)translocation.
C)a genetic disease.
D)HIV.
E)AIDS.

Question 52

The anticodon of UAG is

A)ATC.
B)AAC.
C)UAG.
D)AUC.
E)GAU.

Question 53

A restriction enzyme functions to

A)prevent the DNA from leaving the nucleus.
B)eliminate a virus from a cell.
C)limit the number of replications a DNA molecule can achieve.
D)cut a large DNA double helix into smaller fragments.
E)stop the elongation step of protein synthesis.

Question 54

A virus that contains RNA as its genetic material is a

A)recombinant DNA.
B)retrovirus.
C)vaccine.
D)genetically engineered virus.
E)bacteria.

Question 55

The insertion of new DNA into the plasmid DNA of a bacterium produces

A)ribosomes.
B)recombinant DNA.
C)viral DNA.
D)restriction enzymes.
E)DNA fingerprints.