Deck 15: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

The prevalence of girls as offenders in the juvenile justice system is increasing.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Police notify the juvenile court system of a juvenile's unlawful content through a process referred to as indictment.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The first juvenile court was established in Illinois in .

A)1801
B)1864
C)1899
D)1911

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The older a person is,the more likely they are to exhibit criminal behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following is not listed in the text as a category of residential treatment programs?

A)Foster care
B)Family group homes
C)Training schools
D)Group homes

Question 6

According to law enforcement,there are approximately gang members in the United States.

A)20,000
B)100,000
C)500,000
D)1,000,000

Question 7

Which of the following is not a diversion program?

A)Restitution
B)Education
C)Treatment and aid
D)Probation

Question 8

Running away from home is a delinquent offense.

Question 9

Which of the following is not listed in the text as a school risk factor for juvenile delinquency?

A)Academic frustration/failure
B)Used books and supplies
C)Learning disability
D)Disciplinary problems

Question 10

Police have more power in their handling of juveniles than they do with adults due to the in loco parentis
doctrine.

Question 11

Youth often join gangs as a form of protection from other gangs.

Question 12

The standard of proof in juvenile court is preponderance of the evidence.

Question 13

The doctrine of parens patriae holds:

A)that the state has the right and the responsibility to care for children who are neglected,delinquent,or disadvantaged.
B)the state has a duty to protect the community from dangerous juvenile offenders.
C)the state has a duty to punish juvenile offenders.
D)the state has the right to prosecute those who abuse their children.

Question 14

In order to separate children who exhibited criminal tendencies from criminal adults,the child savers opened a number of institutions,most notably .

A)the Walnut Street Jail.
B)the House of Refuge.
C)the Elmira Training School.
D)the New York School for Correction.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true regarding girls and offending?

A)Girls are treated more leniently than boys for status offenses
B)The number of girls in the juvenile justice system is increasing
C)Girls are treated less harshly than boys for delinquent offenses
D)Girls are more likely than boys to have problems within the home

Question 16

The initial process in which the juvenile court determines whether or not there is evidence to support the petition is called

A)intake.
B)detention hearing.
C)adjudication hearing.
D)disposition hearing.

Question 17

Juveniles who leave correctional facilities are often placed .

A)in aftercare
B)on parole.
C)in diversion programs.
D)on probation.

Question 18

During intake the intake officer can elect to file a petition for a formal court hearing.

Question 19

The child savers proposed treatment,not punishment,for juvenile delinquents.

Question 20

Roper v.Simmons prohibits the execution of offenders who were under age eighteen when they committed their crimes.

Question 21

What is the standard of proof in juvenile court?

A)preponderance of the evidence.
B)beyond a reasonable doubt.
C)clear and convincing evidence.
D)probable cause.

Question 22

The most common method of waiving a juvenile to adult court is through a(n)

A)Legislative waiver
B)Automatic transfer
C)Judicial waiver
D)Prosecutorial waiver

Question 23

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court hold that double jeopardy prevented trying a juvenile in adult court for an offense already adjudicated in a juvenile court?

A)Kent v.United States(1966)
B)In re Gault(1967)
C)In re Winship(1970)
D)Breed v.Jones(1975)

Question 24

The average gang member is years old.

A)13-14
B)15-16
C)17-18
D)19-20

Question 25

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court forbid the execution of offenders under the age of eighteen?

A)Roper v.Simmons(2005)
B)New Jersey v.T.L.O.(1985)
C)Board of Education v.Earls(2002)
D)Fare v.Michael C.(1979)

Question 26

is defined as repeated,aggressive behavior with physical(hitting,punching,and spitting)and verbal(teasing,name calling,and spreading false rumors)components.

A)Bullying
B)Gangsterism
C)Hazing
D)Mentoring

Question 27

occurs when a person uses computers,smartphones,or other electronic devices to inflict willful and repeated emotional harm.

A)Cyberbullying
B)Internetgangsterism
C)Onlinehazing
D)Computermentoring

Question 28

When an officer takes a juvenile into custody for a status offense,he or she is .

A)punishing the juvenile
B)arresting the juvenile
C)acting in parens patriae
D)acting in loco parentis

Question 29

A juvenile's ability to theoretically understand the difference between "right" and "wrong" is part of the question.

A)culpability
B)ownership
C)juvenile
D)maturity

Question 30

Which case was the first U.S.Supreme Court decision to extend due process rights to children in juvenile courts?

A)Kent v.United States(1966)
B)In re Gault(1967)
C)In re Winship(1970)
D)Breed v.Jones(1975)

Question 31

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court raise the burden of proof for acts of juvenile delinquency from "preponderance of the evidence" to "beyond a reasonable doubt"?

A)Kent v.United States(1966)
B)In re Gault(1967)
C)In re Winship(1970)
D)Breed v.Jones(1975)

Question 32

The culpability of juveniles was one of the reasons given by the United States Supreme Court in its landmark decision in Roper v.Simmons.

A)diminished
B)exaggerated
C)limited
D)truncated

Question 33

Juvenile court is drastically different from adult court in that:

A)there are no judges.
B)there is no bailiff or other security personnel.
C)there is no court reporter.
D)juries are not used.

Question 34

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court clarify law enforcement responsibilities with regard to Miranda warnings and juveniles?

A)Roper v.Simmons(2005)
B)New Jersey v.T.L.O.(1985)
C)Board of Education v.Earls(2002)
D)Fare v.Michael C.(1979)

Question 35

Juveniles can be transferred to adult court by

A)law enforcement petition.
B)indictment.
C)direct placement.
D)judicial waiver.

Question 36

When juveniles act impulsively,engage in risky behavior,or don't calculate the long-term consequences of any particular action is called

A)juvenile behavior
B)kids being kids
C)infantile behavior
D)immature behavior

Question 37

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court rule that juveniles do not have a right to a jury trial in a juvenile court proceeding?

A)Kent v.United States(1966)
B)In re Gault(1967)
C)In re Winship(1970)
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania(1971)

Question 38

Which of the following is not listed in the text as a community risk factor for juvenile delinquency?

A)Availability of firearms
B)Lack of social and economic opportunities
C)High crime
D)Disciplinary problems

Question 39

Which of the following was not a right bestowed on juvenile defendants as a result of In re Gault?

A)The right to counsel
B)The right to written notice of the charges
C)The right to a public hearing
D)The right to confront and cross-examine witnesses

Question 40

Law enforcement officers notify the juvenile court of a juvenile's delinquent conduct through .

A)a petition
B)a referral
C)an indictment
D)an affidavit

Question 41

The first court specifically for juveniles was established in in 1899

Question 42

The doctrine that the state not only has a right,but a duty,to care for neglected or otherwise disadvantaged children is .

Question 43

The first decision to extend due process rights to children in juvenile court came in 1966,in the case
.

Question 44

If found guilty,Nehemiah Griego's possible sentence would not include

A)the death penalty,even if New Mexico allowed it
B)life in prison
C)two hundred years in prison
D)twenty-five years or more in prison

Question 45

According to most theorists,the one constant factor related to juvenile crime rates is .

Question 46

Lane,who was under eighteen at the time of his sentencing,will serve his sentence in

A)a training school
B)a foster home
C)aftercare
D)a state prison

Question 47

The sexual assault of the sixteen-year old girl by Mays and Richmond would be classified as

A)juvenile delinquency
B)a hate crime
C)a status offense
D)an "adult-like" crime

Question 48

Mays and Richmond will serve their sentence in

A)a training school
B)a foster home
C)aftercare
D)a state prison

Question 49

Sex with a sixteen-year old girl by an adult is a criminal offense,which means that the actions of Mays and Richmond cannot be classified as

A)juvenile delinquency
B)a hate crime
C)a status offense
D)an "adult-like" crime

Question 50

Based on the information in the preface,one can definitely state that Ohio has a

A)There is not sufficient information in the preface to determine an answer.
B)judicial waiver
C)legislative waiver
D)automatic waiver

Question 51

In determining delinquency status,which factor likely played the most important role in the prosecutor's decision to try Griego as an adult? Use only the information from the preface to answer the question.

A)age
B)history of substance abuse
C)gang involvement
D)child neglect

Question 52

If found guilty as a juvenile(an option prosecutors decided to forego),the maximum possible sentence Greigo would face would be

A)detention in a juvenile facility until 18 or 21 years old(depending on the state)
B)life in prison
C)two hundred years in prison
D)twenty-five years or more in prison

Question 53

A self-formed group of youths with several identifiable characteristics,including identifying symbols,a geographic territory,and participation in illegal activities,is a .

Question 54

Mays and Richmond were found guilty in a(n)

A)intake.
B)detention hearing.
C)adjudication hearing.
D)disposition hearing.

Question 55

Lane was found guilty in a(n)

A)criminal court
B)detention hearing.
C)adjudication hearing.
D)disposition hearing.

Question 56

For T.J.Lane to be sentenced to life without parole,what must be true?

A)No important mitigating factors existed.
B)The jury ignored any aggravating circumstances.
C)The killings must have been premeditated.
D)Lane murdered impulsively.

Question 57

If Mays and Richmond were found guilty of participating in sexual activity rather than sexual assault,then this would be classified as

A)juvenile delinquency
B)a hate crime
C)a status offense
D)an "adult-like" crime

Question 58

Since Greigo was to be tried as an adult,he would therefore not be eligible for a sentence.

A)limited
B)redacted
C)partial
D)restricted

Question 59

In charging Mays and Richmond,which factor did the police likely rely upon to reach their decision?

A)The nature of the offense
B)Whether the parents took disciplinary action
C)The setting in which the offense took place
D)The offenders' race and gender

Question 60

Based on the information in the preface,one can definitely state that New Mexico has a

A)prosecutorial waiver
B)judicial waiver
C)legislative waiver
D)automatic waiver

Question 61

essentially means that the severity of the punishment should fit the crime.

Question 62

first began in the 1800s to introduce the idea of rehabilitating delinquents in the process.

Question 63

Physical or emotional harm intentionally inflicted on a child is called .

Question 64

refers to conduct that would also be criminal if committed by an adult.

Question 65

When a police officer acts in place of the parent,he or she is acting .

Question 66

A to an adult court occurs when the youth leaves the juvenile justice system.

Question 67

A correctional institution for juveniles found to be delinquent or status offenders is called a .

Question 68

is the process of removing low-risk offenders from the formal juvenile justice system and placing then in other programs.

Question 69

Girls have for the most part been treated more harshly than boys for offenses.

Question 70

A offense is an act that,if committed by a juvenile,is considered illegal and grounds for possible state custody.

Question 71

transfer mandates that a juvenile is transferred,as a matter of state law,to adult jurisdiction.

Question 72

A youth is held in until the disposition process begins.

Question 73

The process in which a juvenile judge or officer decides on appropriate punishment is the hearing.

Question 74

An hearing is essentially a "trial."

Question 75

Juvenile delinquents are often placed in after they are released from a secure juvenile correctional facility.

Question 76

Juvenile proceedings are closed to the public,thereby ensuring .

Question 77

Facilities that closely mimic the atmosphere at an adult correctional facility are .

Question 78

Juvenile courts do not have to decide guilt or innocence.

Question 79

The end of the means that girls are just as likely as boys to be arrested.

Question 80

Since the late 1990s,the arrest rates of juvenile has .