Deck 7: Police and the Constitution the Rules of Law Enforcement

Question 1

Once a search warrant has been issued,officers are justified in searching every inch of space within the specified location.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following is not a criterion to obtain a valid warrant for electronic surveillance?

A)Detail the specific times that surveillance will be conducted.
B)Show probable cause that a specific crime has been or will be committed.
C)Detail "with particularity" the conversations to be monitored.
D)Name the suspects and locations that will be monitored.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Coolidge v.New Hampshire first enunciated the automobile exception to the search warrant requirement.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The U.S.Supreme Court established the recognized standard for a "reasonable expectation of privacy" in

A)Katz v.United States(1967).
B)Carroll v.United States(1925).
C)Chimel v.California(1969).
D)Schneckcloth v.Bustamonte(1973).

Question 5

The plain view doctrine was first enunciated by the Supreme Court in .

A)Coolidge v.New Hampshire.
B)Burger v.New York.
C)Carroll v.United States.
D)Whren v.United States.

Question 6

A tip to the police from a citizen can always be used to make a stop.

Question 7

Evidence alone is not enough to establish probable cause.

Question 8

Under certain exigent circumstances,police officers can enter a dwelling without announcing themselves.Which of he following is NOT an example of exigent circumstances?

A)The suspect is armed and dangerous.
B)Persons inside the dwelling are destroying evidence.
C)The suspect is being arrested for a violent felony.
D)A felony is being committed at the time the officers enter.

Question 9

The Supreme Court created the "inevitable discovery" exception to the exclusionary rule in .

A)U.S.v.Leon(1984)
B)Nix v.Williams(1984)
C)Mapp v.Ohio(1961)
D)Weeks v.United States(1914)

Question 10

In the Supreme Court ruled that the "true motivation" of police officers in making traffic stops is irrelevant as long as they had probable cause to believe a traffic law had been broken.

A)Florida v.Bostick
B)Katz v.United States
C)Whren v United States
D)Arizona v.Gant

Question 11

Once a suspect invokes his or her Miranda warning,officers have twenty-four hours to complete the interrogation
the suspect's lawyer must be summoned.

Question 12

The U.S.Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule by its ruling in

A)Rochin v.California(1952).
B)Mapp v.Ohio(1961).
C)Weeks v.United States(1914).
D)Nix v.Williams(1984).

Question 13

Suspects are not entitled to legal counsel during showups and photo arrays.

Question 14

The purpose of a frisk is to determine the presence of .

A)the suspect's identification.
B)weapons.
C)contraband.
D)evidence.

Question 15

If evidence would have been inevitably discovered,it can be used in court even if illegally obtained.

Question 16

Police officers may use personal observation to establish probable cause.

Question 17

A police officer must verbally communicate,"you are under arrest" to validate an arrest of a suspect.

Question 18

Under Miranda,a lawyer will be offered to a suspect if the suspect is indigent and therefore cannot afford one.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a criterion of a valid plain view seizure?

A)The item must be discovered inadvertently
B)Additional investigation or testing must confirm the illegal nature of the item.
C)The officer must be legally in a position to notice the item.
D)The position of the item must lead to easy detection by an officer's sight or some other sense.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a strategy used by police officers to obtain voluntary Miranda waivers from suspects?

A)Intimidation
B)Conditioning
C)Persuasion
D)Deemphasizing

Question 21

Witnesses may be shown mug-shots of possible suspects during

A)showups.
B)photo arrays.
C)lineups.
D)booking.

Question 22

The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in ,the Court ruled that garbage was not protected by the Fourth Amendment.

A)California v.Greenwood(1988)
B)Wilson v.Arkansas(1995)
C)Terry v.Ohio(1968)
D)United States v.Leon(1984)

Question 23

The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in denied the appellant's claim to a reasonable expectation of privacy when it came to his garbage bags.

A)California v.Greenwood(1988)
B)Wilson v.Arkansas(1995)
C)Terry v.Ohio(1968)
D)United States v.Leon(1984)

Question 24

The legal term,as found in the Fourth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution,that generally refers to the searching for and the confiscating of evidence by law enforcement agents is called:

A)Rule of Thumb
B)Exclusionary Rule
C)Mercy Rule
D)Searches and seizures

Question 25

The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in defined "reasonable" suspicion in stop­and­frisk situations.

A)California v.Greenwood(1988)
B)Wilson v.Arkansas(1995)
C)Terry v.Ohio(1968)
D)United States v.Leon(1984)

Question 26

The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in created the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule.

A)California v.Greenwood(1988)
B)Wilson v.Arkansas(1995)
C)Terry v.Ohio(1968)
D)United States v.Leon(1984)

Question 27

Protecting a person from self-incrimination is provided under the

A)4th Amendment.
B)5th Amendment.
C)6th Amendment.
D)7th Amendment.

Question 28

What is a rule under which any evidence that is obtained in violation of the accused's rights will not be admissible in court?

A)Rule of Thumb
B)Exclusionary Rule
C)Mercy Rule
D)Fruit of the Poised Tree

Question 29

Where an arrest was based on probable cause,a search incident to this arrest is allowable provided by the Supreme Court in

A)Katz v.United States(1967).
B)Carroll v.United States(1925).
C)Chimel v.California(1969).
D)United States v.Robinson(1973).

Question 30

When police attempt to create a non-threatening environment in order to encourage a suspect to waive his or her Miranda rights,it is called

A)conditioning.
B)deemphasizing.
C)intimidation.
D)persuasion.

Question 31

The U.S.Supreme Court set the standard for consent searches in

A)Katz v.United States(1967).
B)Carroll v.United States(1925).
C)Chimel v.California(1969).
D)Schneckcloth v.Bustamonte(1973).

Question 32

In what identification procedure are suspects entitled to legal representation?

A)showups
B)photo arrays
C)lineups.
D)booking.

Question 33

The requirement for a stop-and-frisk is that an officer has:

A)consent.
B)probable cause.
C)a warrant.
D)reasonable suspicion.

Question 34

Which of the following is not one of del Carmen's elements of arrest?

A)The officer has the intent to arrest
B)The officer has the authority to make the arrest
C)The officer has administered the Miranda warning
D)The officer has detained the suspect

Question 35

The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that law distinguishes among automobiles,homes,and persons in questions involving police searches in

A)Katz v.United States(1967).
B)Carroll v.United States(1925).
C)Chimel v.California(1969).
D)Schneckcloth v.Bustamonte(1973).

Question 36

Miranda is required when

A)a suspect is being arrested.
B)a suspect is being questioned.
C)a suspect is being booked.
D)a suspect is in custody and being questioned.

Question 37

Which of the following is not true for consent searches?

A)Consent must be voluntary
B)Consent has to be given by an authorized party
C)The party giving consent must be advised they have the right to refuse
D)Officers are not required to have probable cause to ask for consent to search

Question 38

All of the following are legitimate sources of probable cause EXCEPT:

A)personal observation.
B)reasonable suspicion.
C)evidence
D)informants.

Question 39

The U.S.Supreme Court limited the scope of search incidental to arrest to the area within the suspect's "immediate control" in

A)Katz v.United States(1967).
B)Carroll v.United States(1925).
C)Chimel v.California(1969).
D)Schneckcloth v.Bustamonte(1973).

Question 40

Protection from unreasonable search and seizure is provided under

A)the Fourth Amendment.
B)the Fifth Amendment.
C)the Sixth Amendment.
D)the Eighth Amendment.

Question 41

The police entering King's apartment is an example of a

A)warrantless search
B)consent search
C)search incidental to an arrest
D)custodial search

Question 42

When the police entered King's apartment,they were able to seize drugs and drug paraphernalia based on what legal principle?

A)plain view doctrine
B)"good faith" doctrine
C)exigent circumstances
D)electronic surveillance

Question 43

When police pat down a person's clothing to look for weapons,they are conducting a .

Question 44

Direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and to try to gain a confession is
.

Question 45

If the police suspected Adam not only of underage drinking but also using illegal drugs,what information could the police use to obtain a search warrant?

A)None of these choices
B)The fact that Adam was a minor.
C)The picture of the beer.
D)His criminal record(the ticket for underage drinking).

Question 46

The basis of the Supreme Court's ruling that the Lexington-Fayette narcotics officers had not overstepped the boundaries of their authority in entering and searching King's apartment was based on what principal?

A)Probable cause
B)The exclusionary rule
C)Plain view doctrine
D)Fruit of the poisoned tree

Question 47

What need not be shown by the NSA in the first seven days of a wiretap?

A)probable cause
B)consent search
C)inevitable discovery
D)exigent circumstances

Question 48

Does Adam,according to the courts,have an expectation of privacy when using Facebook?

A)No,social media is not covered by courts' rulings.
B)Yes,since Facebook disallows the use of false information.
C)No,but Adam could nonetheless claim entrapment.
D)Yes,since clearly the information Adam conveyed was in a private forum.

Question 49

An arrest warrant is a written order issued by a(n) .

Question 50

Before going before a judge to ask for a warrant,a police officer must prepare a(n) in which he or she provides specific,written information on the property they wish to search.

Question 51

Under normal circumstances,what would be required before the government would be allowed to listen to your phone conversations?

A)warrant
B)criminal intent
C)known associations
D)past behavior

Question 52

A search warrant,even if it is found to be technically invalid,may still produce admissible evidence under the
exception.

Question 53

The ability of the NSA to search first and then seek a warrant if suspicious activities are found limits the effectiveness of which amendment?

A)Fourth
B)First
C)Fifth
D)Eighth

Question 54

Upon entering the apartment,what criminal justice principal applied to the drugs the officers found?

A)Probable cause
B)The exclusionary rule
C)Plain view doctrine
D)Fruit of the poisoned tree

Question 55

What did the police use as justification for entering the apartment?

A)The sound of movements from within the apartment.
B)The smell of marijuana from outside the apartment.
C)A known drug dealer entering the apartment.
D)The occupants' refusal to open the apartment door.

Question 56

The narcotics officers would have had established probable cause based on which of the Supreme Court's four sources?

A)Personal observation
B)Information
C)Evidence
D)Association

Question 57

What changed for the NSA under the new rules passed by Congress in 2008?

A)The NSA had a shorter time to tap phone and email conversations.
B)A warrant was required within seven days of a tap.
C)The NSA had to establish probable cause before any tap could be used.
D)The target of the tap had the right to prove their innocence before FISA.

Question 58

The incriminating picture of Adam holding a beer falls under what criminal justice principal?

A)plain view
B)warrantless search
C)search with a warrant
D)probable cause

Question 59

Assuming that Adam confessed to the police to underage drinking,if a court ruled that the picture constituted entrapment,what legal principal would then apply to Adam's confession?

A)fruit of a poisoned tree
B)good faith exception
C)search incidental to an arrest
D)probable cause

Question 60

The beer in the picture allowed the police to summon Adam to the police station.The beer represents what criminal justice principal?

A)plain view
B)warrantless search
C)search with a warrant
D)probable cause

Question 61

Police can make a search if the subject of the search voluntarily consents.

Question 62

The basis for obtaining a search warrant is cause.

Question 63

Searches incidental to arrests are permissible as long as the original arrest was based on .

Question 64

An is a written statement of facts and must be sworn in front of a person empowered to administer the oath.

Question 65

A suspect must be read his or her Miranda rights before a

Question 66

The Supreme Court ruled that police may search any area within the suspect's to confiscate any
weapons or evidence that the suspect could destroy.

Question 67

A occurs when either the suspect or the witness are returned to the crime scene for possible identification.

Question 68

searches,the second most common type of warrantless searches,take place when individuals voluntarily give law enforcement officers
permission to search their persons,homes,or belongings.

Question 69

If a crime is committed in the presence of a police officer,(s)he has the authority to make a(n)
arrest.

Question 70

The precedent for "stop and frisk" was established in .

Question 71

The doctrine allows clearly visible evidence to be seized at any time.

Question 72

Items resulting from a crime,such as stolen goods or narcotics may be subject to seizure with a(n)
.

Question 73

The case that set the precedent for "reasonable" suspicion in stop and frisk situations was .

Question 74

In Coolidge V.New Hampshire the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that a warrantless seizure may be made under the doctrine if specific criteria are met.

Question 75

A stop can be made on reasonable suspicion,but is needed to make an arrest.

Question 76

searches allow police officers can search every part of the vehicle that might contain the items they are seeking,as long as they have probable cause to believe that the items are somewhere in the car.

Question 77

Evidence obtained in violation of the accused's rights under the Fourth,Fifth,or Sixth Amendments is subject to
the .

Question 78

The search of a person and the immediate vicinity surrounding that person pursuant to a lawful arrest is called a search to arrest.

Question 79

The limits for searches incidental to arrest were established in the case .

Question 80

warnings must be administered during stop and frisks even though no arrest has been made.