Deck 6: Problems and Solutions in Modern Policing

Question 1

All police departments practice incident-driven policing,which means that response time is adapted based on the seriousness of the call.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Patrol officers,often the lowest-paid members of an agency with the least amount of authority,have the greatest amount of discretionary power.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Paperwork takes up nearly percent of a patrol officer's time.

A)fifteen
B)ten
C)twenty
D)forty

Answer 3

C

Question 4

DNA can be found in all of the following locations except:

A)Skin
B)Fingerprints
C)Semen
D)Blood

Question 5

Arrests made by police officers that occur when officers respond to calls for service are best described as

A)directed.
B)reactive.
C)proactive.
D)controlled.

Question 6

Ethical dilemmas include bribery and mooching.

Question 7

Force applied by a police officer that is likely or intended to cause death is known as

A)deadly force.
B)aggressive force.
C)less than lethal force.
D)non-deadly force.

Question 8

The suspicion that citizens are weak,corrupt,and dangerous is called

A)a police defense mechanism.
B)police cynicism.
C)a subcultural trait.
D)police skepticism.

Question 9

A crime that has been cleared is one that has resulted in an arrest and referral for prosecution.

Question 10

The purpose of patrol is the deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police presence.

Question 11

The process through which a police officer is taught the values and expected behavior of the police subculture is called

A)acculturation.
B)adaptation.
C)assimilation.
D)socialization.

Question 12

Mandatory arrest laws limit a police officer's discretion by requiring him or her to arrest a person who has
committed larceny.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a category of ethical dilemma listed in the text?

A)Duty
B)Loyalty
C)Honesty
D)Courage

Question 14

One external procedure for handling citizen complaints is known as citizen oversight.

Question 15

A confidential informant is a police officer who has assumed a false identity in order to obtain information concerning illegal activities.

Question 16

A database containing DNA profiles is .

A)NCIC
B)CODIS
C)AFIS
D)IBIS

Question 17

Reasonable force is defined as the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer and other citizens and is not considered excessive.

Question 18

The use of force by police officers occurs in about percent of all police-public encounters.

A)9.5
B)6.6
C)1.6
D)4.0

Question 19

Delegation of authority means that everybody reports directly to the chief.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?

A)Provision of services that are not crime related
B)Improvement of public attitudes toward the police
C)Deterrence of crime
D)Maintenance of public order

Question 21

A scenario in which a police officer attempts to coerce money from a criminal is?

A)A shakedown
B)Mooching
C)Bribery
D)A gratuity

Question 22

All of the following are examples of trace evidence except

A)ballistics.
B)fibers.
C)fingerprints.
D)hairs.

Question 23

The majority of time a patrol officer spends at work is spent

A)on preventive patrol.
B)answering calls for service.
C)filling out paperwork.
D)issuing traffic citations.

Question 24

Broken windows theory suggests that to decrease crime,law enforcement agencies should crack down on

A)property crime.
B)domestic violence.
C)violent crime.
D)quality of life crimes.

Question 25

DNA evidence from crime scenes is entered into a database called

A)OTB
B)CODIS
C)DOJ
D)AFIS

Question 26

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court hold that the state is not automatically required to disclose the identity of a confidential informant?

A)Graham v.Connor(1989)
B)Tennessee v.Garner(1985)
C)Rovario v.United States(1957)
D)Gaines v.Miller(1963)

Question 27

According to the text,delegation of authority is a critical component of

A)the chain of command.
B)span of control.
C)efficient management.
D)accountability.

Question 28

The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime,often through the use of DNA evidence,in the absence of an ongoing criminal investigation is called a

A)Cold hit
B)Hot spot
C)Hard hat
D)Lucky guess

Question 29

DNA "fingerprinting" emerged on the scene in the

A)1970s.
B)1960s.
C)1940s.
D)1990s.

Question 30

What is not an example of trace evidence?

A)Eye witnesses
B)Hairs
C)Blood
D)Fibers

Question 31

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of community policing listed in the text?

A)Recognition of the crime control,crime prevention,and service provision functions of law enforcement.
B)Limiting the discretion of patrol officers
C)Proactive policing
D)Viewing police work as more than a "day­to­day" proposition

Question 32

The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive patrol

A)had a large impact on effectiveness.
B)had little impact on crimes and overall effectiveness.
C)reduced calls for service to an all time low.
D)significantly lowered reports of crime.

Question 33

All of the following are crimes typically investigated by officers who work in vice,except

A)gambling.
B)prostitution.
C)sexual assault.
D)narcotics.

Question 34

The application of science to establish facts and evidence during crime investigations is known as

A)CODIS.
B)ballistics.
C)forensics.
D)genetics.

Question 35

When an officer is struggling with an obligation to act in a certain manner,he or she is struggling with the ethical dilemma of .

A)honesty
B)loyalty
C)discretion
D)duty

Question 36

Which of the following is not a traditional form of police corruption listed in the text?

A)Bribery
B)Mooching
C)Snitching
D)Payoffs

Question 37

Which of the following is not a ritual which indoctrinates officers into the police subculture?

A)Being the subject of disciplinary action for the first time
B)Witnessing a traumatic incident for the first time
C)Attending the police academy
D)Making the first felony arrest

Question 38

The police officer who have the greatest amount of discretion are

A)Detectives
B)Police chiefs
C)Patrol officers
D)Sergeants

Question 39

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers?

A)Graham v.Connor(1989)
B)Gaines v.Miller(1963)
C)Tennessee v.Garner(1985)
D)Rovario v.United States(1957)

Question 40

The primary factor that an officer should consider when determining how to use discretion is .

A)the nature of the criminal act.
B)the attitude of the wrongdoer.
C)departmental policy.
D)the relationship between the victim and the offender.

Question 41

Of Pollock and Becker's four categories of ethical dilemmas,what category was perverted by the officers involved to allow for the corruption in Baltimore to continue for so long?

A)Discretion
B)Honesty
C)Loyalty
D)Duty

Question 42

If the police did not want to take the risk of exposing an officer to undercover work,they could have turned to a

A)confidential informant
B)entrapment
C)consumer hotline tip
D)undercover operation

Question 43

The arrest of El Khalifi is an example of

A)broken windows theory
B)preventive policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)entrapment

Question 44

is designed to respond to specific activities at specific times.

Question 45

Why would the officers not think a language barrier may have played a role in their decision to open fire?

A)The suspect acted confused and disoriented before being shot by the officers.
B)The suspect had violently assaulted another student in his grade.
C)The suspect was an eighth grade student in the city's high school.
D)The suspect's parents were Hispanic.

Question 46

The fundamental questions of fairness,justice,rightness,and wrongness are the subject matter of
.

Question 47

The arrest of El Khalifi came about as a result of a(n)

A)undercover operation
B)entrapment
C)preventative patrol
D)consumer hotline tip

Question 48

The use of undercover police and preventative policing techniques are examples of

A)passive investigative strategy
B)aggressive investigation strategy
C)issue-aggressive policing
D)passive-aggressive policing

Question 49

A police officer who assumes a false identity as part of a criminal investigation is performing
type work.

Question 50

What information,on which the two police officers involved in this incident based their discretionary decisions,did the officers likely have?

A)The officers knew the suspect had purchases a relatively harmless .177-caliber BB gun.
B)The officers were told the suspect punched another student in the face.
C)The officers were told the suspect was armed.
D)The officers knew when the suspect raised his weapon he did not intend to fire.

Question 51

What specific action by the suspect led to the officers' decision to open fire?

A)The suspect acted confused and disoriented before being shot by the officers.
B)The suspect raised the BB gun as if to fire.
C)The suspect had violently assaulted another student in his grade.
D)The suspect had verbally threatened the officers prior to the shooting.

Question 52

The use of undercover police and preventative policing techniques runs the legal risk of

A)entrapment
B)deadly force
C)corruption
D)burnout

Question 53

The Baltimore case best illustrates what concept?

A)Noble cause corruption
B)Blue curtain
C)Police subculture
D)Police corruption

Question 54

are concentrated areas of high criminal activity that draw a directed police response.

Question 55

What aspect of Pollock and Becker's four categories of ethical dilemmas was most violated in the Baltimore case?

A)Loyalty
B)Honesty
C)Duty
D)Discretion

Question 56

On what grounds,according to the Supreme Court,can the use of deadly force be justified?

A)When the "reasonableness of the moment" makes the use of deadly force a reasonable action.
B)When all other avenues of diffusing the situation have been exhausted.
C)If the suspect poses no immediate threat to the officer.
D)When the suspect poses no immediate threat to others.

Question 57

What factor likely played a prominent role in abetting and facilitating the corruption of the Baltimore police officers?

A)Socialization
B)Blue curtain
C)Noble cause corruption
D)Police subculture

Question 58

In many states,the discretion of patrol officers has been severely limited in the area of .

Question 59

The possibility of police corruption would be highest under which combination of factors?

A)Disloyalty and stressors
B)Lack of duty and police subculture
C)Lack of discretion and socialization
D)Dishonesty and blue curtain

Question 60

Once they arrived on the scene,the police officers exercised discretion in what manner?

A)They had to consider their safety and the safety of others.
B)They had to decide whether the gun in the suspect's hand was real.
C)All of these choices.
D)They had to consider the motives of the suspect.

Question 61

are the law enforcement officials with the greatest amount of discretion.

Question 62

The purpose of patrol is to crime.

Question 63

policing is a policing philosophy which requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent that activity.

Question 64

A person who provides data about his or her involvement in criminal activity and others who engage in it is called a .

Question 65

that require a police officer to arrest a person who has abused someone related by blood or marriage.

Question 66

The main goal of any police department is the most efficient organization of its field services,also known as
.

Question 67

Wilson and Kelling developed the theory to promote strategies to address quality of life issues in neighborhoods.

Question 68

The study of firearms and its application to solving crimes is .

Question 69

The conditions that cause stress-such as worries over finances or relationships-are known as .

Question 70

Arrests that occur because of concerted efforts by law enforcement agencies to respond to a particular type of criminal behavior are .

Question 71

Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.

Question 72

In Tennessee v.Garner,the U.S.Supreme Court set the limits for the use of by law enforcement officers.

Question 73

weapons are designed to subdue but not seriously harm suspects.

Question 74

is the force applied by a police officer that is likely or intended to cause death.

Question 75

The use of by police officers is rare,occurring in about 1.6% in the approximately 43.6 million public encounters.

Question 76

A division within a police department that investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police officers is
.

Question 77

Most departments separate each twenty-four-hour day into three eight-hour segments called .

Question 78

The most common law enforcement agent in police agencies is the officer.

Question 79

The smallest stretch that a police officer or a group of police officers regularly patrols is called a .

Question 80

is a mental state that occurs when a person suffers from exhaustion and has difficulty functioning normally as a result of overwork and stress.