Deck 12: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

Assets seized through forfeiture are usually insubstantial.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Some offenders serving home confinement are allowed to go to work or school.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them.

Question 5

All intermediate sanctions are administered primarily by the judiciary.

Question 6

The U.S.Supreme Court has ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.

Question 7

Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.

Question 8

By law, the revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.

Question 9

A day reporting sentence requires the offender to spend one night a week at the given facility.

Question 10

Fines are considered unfair because they exact a heavier economic toll on the poor than the wealthy.

Question 11

Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies' budgets.

Question 12

States are prohibited from using probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault.

Question 13

One problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.

Question 14

Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver.

Question 15

Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the Constitution.

Question 16

A study of probation in the 1990s found that the majority of probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.

Question 17

When a probationer is taken into custody for violating the conditions of probation, a preliminary hearing must be held to determine probable cause.

Question 18

Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work.

Question 19

When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over intensive supervision probation.

Question 20

Community corrections recognizes that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior can never be changed.

Question 21

ISP stands for "Integrative Studies in Parole."

Question 22

The current orientation of probation is best described as:

A) risk management.
B) retribution.
C) incapacitation.
D) moral leadership.
E) therapeutic counseling.

Question 23

Probation and intermediate sanctions are sentences imposed for lesser offenses in an effort to avoid the expense and consequences of:

A) court.
B) bail.
C) imprisonment.
D) probation.
E) parole.

Question 24

Although probationers live at home and have regular jobs, they must also:

A) submit to drug test.
B) report to their probation officer.
C) obey curfews.
D) stay away from certain parts of town.
E) all of these.

Question 25

Probation was first developed in the United States by which boot maker?

A) Caesare Lombroso
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) James Q.Wilson
D) Travis Hirchi
E) John Augustus

Question 26

Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community.

Question 27

As a form of corrections, probation falls under the administration of the:

A) judicial branch.
B) bureaucratic branch.
C) executive branch.
D) legislative branch.
E) administrative branch.

Question 28

Probation is a relatively low cost correctional alternative.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about home confinement is FALSE?

A) Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from the home.
B) Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
C) Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental corrections supervision has invaded a private home.
D) Electronic monitoring in home confinement may be rendered more difficult by technical problems with the equipment.
E) Home confinement allows offenders to work while serving punishment.

Question 30

The principle goal of community corrections is to:

A) punish the offender as severely as possible.
B) teach the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the criminal world.
C) punish the offender with the least restrictive alternative.
D) humanize the offender in the eyes of the community.
E) attend to the needs of the community rather than those of the offender.

Question 31

During the past decade, probation officials have developed methods of classifying clients according to their service needs, the element of risk they pose to the community, and the chance that they will commit another offense.

Question 32

Fines are a preferred way of dealing with criminality and are normally the sole sanction for a wide range of crimes in what continent?

A) Europe
B) North America
C) Africa
D) South America
E) Asia

Question 33

RICO and CCE changed the laws regarding restitution in the 1970s.

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding community corrections is TRUE?

A) In general offenders assigned to community corrections have committed less serious offenses.
B) Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
C) The rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than those who go to prison.
D) Community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison.
E) Community corrections does not build ties between the offender and his or her family.

Question 35

Community corrections must have public support to be successful.

Question 36

Probation and intermediate sanctions are sentences imposed for lesser offenses in an effort to avoid the expense and consequences of imprisonment.

Question 37

Which of the following would NOT be a condition of probation?

A) drug testing
B) obeying curfew
C) maintaining good relations with your family
D) staying away from certain people
E) maintaining employment

Question 38

The philosophy of community corrections assumes that:

A) only the offender needs to change.
B) only the community needs to change.
C) both the offender and the community need to adapt.
D) the offender and the community do not need to adapt.
E) the offender cannot change, but can be prevented from further wrongdoing through the close supervision of the community.

Question 39

Probation is defined as:

A) a period of forced home confinement.
B) monitored release from prison.
C) a short jail sentence.
D) supervised release under specified conditions.
E) supervised release mandated by the probation board.

Question 40

Rates of recidivism, or returning to crime, for those under community supervision are no higher than for those who go to prison.

Question 41

What is the most likely punishment for a traffic violation?

A) incarceration
B) restitution
C) fines
D) forfeiture
E) probation

Question 42

Which of the following statements concerning intermediate sanctions is TRUE?

A) Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender.
B) Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender.
C) Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender.
D) Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders.
E) Intermediate sanctions are not used by judges.

Question 43

A continuing issue for probation officers is the:

A) size of their caseloads.
B) requirement to work with dangerous offenders.
C) increase in the amount of paperwork which needs to be done.
D) continued frustration over conducting drug testing.
E) lack of career satisfaction and advancement.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the use of fines is TRUE?

A) The collection of fines is a high priority of the court's staff.
B) Fines are used more frequently in Europe than in the United States.
C) Only the United States uses fines as punishment.
D) Fines in the United States are always based upon the offender's income.
E) If offenders do not pay their fines immediately at the sentencing hearing, they are sent to jail until they pay.

Question 45

How many different types of basic electronic monitoring devices are currently available?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10

Question 46

What percentage of offenders are sentenced to probation after being found guilty of a felony?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
E) 60

Question 47

Which of the following statements about a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing is TRUE?

A) The probationer is not permitted to attend.
B) The probationer is being tried on new criminal charges.
C) The probationer is subject to a "three strikes" life sentence.
D) The probationer is entitled to be represented by counsel.
E) All of the statements given are true.

Question 48

A type of sentence that requires the offender to remain inside an approved, designated location during specified periods is called:

A) home confinement.
B) fines.
C) community service.
D) day reporting.
E) intensive supervision probation.

Question 49

Most people on probation:

A) eventually end up in prison.
B) are very likely to commit a second offense.
C) do not become career criminals.
D) cannot obtain jobs after their sentence.
E) have committed felony offenses.

Question 50

A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be classified as:

A) intensive supervision probation.
B) a halfway house.
C) home confinement.
D) community service.
E) a day reporting center.

Question 51

Repayment by an offender to compensate a victim for their financial loss is known as:

A) shock probation.
B) home arrest.
C) recidivism.
D) restitution.
E) day fine.

Question 52

A type of diversion that selects low-risk offenders already sentenced to prison and provides supervision for them in the community is called a(n):

A) probation diversion.
B) institutional diversion.
C) incarceration diversion.
D) specialty diversion.
E) lifestyle diversion.

Question 53

A type of sanction that has increased substantially in the last 30 years, which involves the governmental seizure of property and other assets derived from criminal activity, is known as:

A) community service.
B) home.
C) jail.
D) forfeiture.
E) boot camp.

Question 54

The 2009 Pew Center report recommends which of the following to save money and reduce crime within community corrections?

A) Sort offenders by risk to public safety to determine appropriate levels of supervision.
B) Base intervention programs on sound research about what works to reduce recidivism.
C) Harness advances in supervision technology.
D) Impose swift and certain sanctions.
E) All of these.

Question 55

In the two-stage process of determining a day fine, a judge will typically consider:

A) the type of offense and income of the offender.
B) the age and the income of offender.
C) the gender of the offender and the type of offense.
D) the age and gender of the offender.
E) the education and the income of the offender.

Question 56

Funds raised from forfeitures go to:

A) the state correctional budget.
B) the police agency that made the arrest.
C) the prosecutor's office who wins the case.
D) the offender's defense attorney.
E) state funding for higher education.

Question 57

Which intermediate punishment imposes the lowest level of control upon an offender?

A) community service
B) home confinement
C) jail
D) boot camp
E) intensive supervision probation

Question 58

Which of the following functions is likely to be assigned as a community service?

A) helping at the local food bank
B) volunteering for a civic organization
C) wearing an electronic monitoring device
D) cleaning parks and roadsides
E) assisting shut-ins

Question 59

The probationer's failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation results in a:

A) petty violation.
B) technical violation.
C) major violation.
D) male in se violation.
E) motion violation.

Question 60

A type of probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is called a(n):

A) intensive supervision probation.
B) halfway house.
C) home confinement.
D) community service.
E) day reporting center.

Question 61

Why is there less funding for community corrections as compared to more traditional correctional options?

A) The public views community corrections as "soft on crime."
B) The public is generally not supportive of community corrections.
C) Communities are supportive of correctional facilities in their neighborhood.
D) Both because the public is not supportive and views community corrections as "soft on crime."
E) All of the above.

Question 62

In which decade did the goals of rehabilitation and reintegration give way to "risk management."

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s
E) 1980s

Question 63

Which of the following statements concerning community corrections is TRUE?

A) Community corrections receive considerable public support.
B) Community corrections suffer from the public impression that they are "soft on crime."
C) Localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections.
D) The use of community corrections is declining.
E) Community corrections always reduces recidivism.

Question 64

As an approach to punishment, community corrections suffers from the public image of being:

A) hard on crime.
B) soft on crime.
C) increasing crime.
D) decreasing crime.
E) none of these.

Question 65

Most states place probation services under the state's:

A) prosecutor's control.
B) bureaucratic branch.
C) legislative branch.
D) judicial branch.
E) executive branch.

Question 66

During the past decade, probation officials have developed methods of classifying clients. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria probation officers use?

A) the offenders' service needs
B) the element of risk they pose to the community
C) the chance that they will commit another offense
D) the likelihood of the offender finding work

Question 67

Rates of recidivism, or returning to crime, for those under community supervision:

A) are lower than for those who go to prison.
B) are not tracked by law enforcement.
C) are no higher than for those who go to prison.
D) are much higher than for those who go to prison.
E) none of the above.

Question 68

Which of the following statements about probation is TRUE?

A) Probation is the unconditional release of the offender into the community.
B) Probation is limited because it cannot be combined with other sanctions, such as fines, restitution, and community service.
C) James Q.Wilson was the first to suggest it.
D) Probation is used mainly for more serious offenses.
E) Probation is significantly less expensive than imprisonment.

Question 69

Which of the following is another name for boot camp?

A) shock incarceration
B) military indoctrination
C) part-time incarceration
D) inside/outside programming
E) halfway house

Question 70

The purpose of boot camps is to shock young offenders out of their ways and build:

A) life skills.
B) diplomas.
C) self-esteem.
D) wrap sheet.
E) none of these.

Question 71

By the 1940s the development of _______ as a field of social science research led probation officers to shift their emphasis from moral leadership to therapeutic counseling.

A) biology
B) history
C) political science
D) sociology
E) psychology

Question 72

Sometimes the people who run intermediate sanctions only want to select offenders with the best chance of success.Why would they want to do this?

A) to ensure future funding
B) to have high rates of recidivism
C) to make sure the most serious offenders are included in their program
D) to avoid problems related to selection bias
E) to avoid problems related to "creaming"

Question 73

Which of the following statements about probation is TRUE?

A) Pennsylvania officials calculated that it costs the state more than $32,000 per year for each offender on probation.
B) Today, less than one million offenders are on probation.
C) Pennsylvania officials calculated that it costs the state less than $3,000 per year for each offender in prison.
D) The prosecutor retains authority over the probationer.
E) Probation budgets in many states have been cut and caseloads increased as lawmakers struggle with shrinking resources.

Question 74

Net widening occurs when the criminal justice system:

A) increases its control over a greater number of individuals.
B) decreases its control over a lesser number of individuals.
C) releases more individuals without punishment.
D) releases inmates from prison.
E) increases length of incarceration for inmates.

Question 75

In which decade did probation officers begin providing offenders with concrete social services such as assistance with employment, housing, finances, and education.

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s
E) 1980s

Question 76

In which decade was there a growing interest in probation's role as part of community justice?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s
E) 2000s

Question 77

The fact that ex-inmates require both support and supervision as they try to remake their lives in the community:

A) has no role in community corrections.
B) is often cited by opponents of community corrections.
C) is often cited by proponents of community corrections.
D) is often overstated as a need.
E) none of the above.

Question 78

Which of the following is a type of ISP?

A) home confinement
B) day reporting center
C) shock incarceration
D) fines
E) community service

Question 79

Community corrections is based on the goal of:

A) making the convicted "pay" for their crimes.
B) fighting crime before it begins.
C) finding the "least restrictive alternative."
D) limiting options and alternatives.
E) all of the above.

Question 80

A return to criminal behavior is the definition of:

A) return activity.
B) jailing.
C) recidivism.
D) failure.
E) parole.