Deck 11: Incarceration and Prison Society

Question 1

Correctional officers exercise unlimited power over prisoners.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Racial conflict is only a minor problem in most U.S.prisons.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

While inmates are most likely to be African American, officers are most likely to be white.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past.

Question 5

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the age of 50 in the United States.

Question 6

"Jailing" is a term used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.

Question 7

Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.

Question 8

There has been a major increase in the number of African Americans sentenced to prison in the past 30 years.

Question 9

Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the United States in comparison to other Western nations.

Question 10

The primary purpose of all prisons is maintaining secure custody of offenders.

Question 11

Female prisoners often form pseudo-families.

Question 12

More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.

Question 13

State legislators always support increases in funding for educational programs in the prison system because of their success in reducing recidivism.

Question 14

Nearly half of all inmates in the U.S.prison population are women.

Question 15

Male correctional officers cannot work in women's prisons.

Question 16

Rehabilitation was the primary goal in the traditional prison of the big-house era.

Question 17

Male prisoners are more likely than female prisoners to have been convicted of a violent offense.

Question 18

Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards as well as punishments.

Question 19

Prison wardens can select which inmates end up in their institution.

Question 20

Superiors expect correctional officers to achieve institutional goals even though the officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal.

Question 21

Which of the following statements concerning the history of American correctional institutions is TRUE?

A) Correctional institutions in the United States have remained fairly similar across time and place.
B) Fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate.
C) Counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life.
D) It was common in the south for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers.
E) Prisoners of the past were mostly drawn from the world of organized crime.

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding the American prison population during the last 30 years is TRUE?

A) There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
B) There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
C) There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
D) There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics.
E) ​None of the above.

Question 23

The model of corrections that emphasizes treatment programs to help prisoners address the personal programs and issues that led them to commit crimes is the

A) custodial model
B) rehabilitation model
C) reintegration model
D) family model
E) community model

Question 24

The model of corrections which emphasizes security, discipline, and order is the:

A) custodial model.
B) rehabilitation model.
C) reintegration model.
D) family model.
E) community model.

Question 25

Given adequate financial resources, most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of inmates such as vocational training, remedial education, and work opportunities.

Question 26

According to John DiIulio, a good prison is one that "provides as much order, amenity, and ___________ as possible, given the human and financial resources":

A) punishment
B) retribution
C) service
D) rehabilitation
E) authority

Question 27

A characteristic of a well run prison includes anything that enhances the comfort of the inmates, such as good food, clean cells, and recreational opportunities, which are referred to as:

A) order.
B) amenities.
C) service.
D) protection.
E) opportunity.

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning the authority of prison officials is TRUE?

A) The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
B) The authority of prison officials is limited.
C) Prison officials have no authority per se, but must abide strictly by procedural guidelines.
D) The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal prisons
E) The authority of prison officials is limited in federal prisons, but unlimited in state prisons.

Question 29

Prisoners can receive federal funding for postsecondary education.

Question 30

Correctional personnel may use force in the prevention of an escape.

Question 31

The classification of inmates and assignment to various prison programs is always tailored to serve the needs of the individual inmate.

Question 32

Professional personnel such as teachers, clinicians, and industry supervisors usually are not a part of prisons today.

Question 33

Which of the following prison staff are the most numerous?

A) wardens
B) corrections officers
C) investigators
D) counselors
E) educators

Question 34

In terms of how prisons are organized, function, and staffed, it would be fair to say they incorporate aspects of the military.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems confronting the modern prison system in America?

A) overcrowding
B) legal issues
C) racial conflicts
D) limited resources
E) overstaffing

Question 36

Which of the following statements about prison managers is TRUE?

A) Prison managers have complete control over when their clients will be released.
B) Prison managers rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work.
C) Prison managers select their clients.
D) Prison managers can control their clients' behavior.
E) Prison managers have little training.

Question 37

The model of corrections which emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to the family and community as a method of reform is called the:

A) custodial model.
B) rehabilitation model.
C) reintegration model.
D) family model.
E) community model.

Question 38

Rehabilitation is a model of incarceration that emphasizes security, discipline, and order.

Question 39

Gangs based upon race and ethnicity have become a serious problem in the prison system.

Question 40

The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions, including opportunities for violence.

Question 41

Prisons can be governed, violence minimized, and services provided to the inmates if correctional executives and wardens exhibit:

A) experience.
B) time management.
C) concern.
D) leadership.
E) middle managers.

Question 42

Prisoners who view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing business are:

A) gleaning.
B) jailing.
C) living by the inmate code.
D) doing time.
E) disorganized criminals.

Question 43

Approximately what percentage of state inmates did NOT graduate from high school prior to their incarceration?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 40
D) 45
E) 50

Question 44

In which of the following situations is the use of force by a corrections officer against an inmate NOT allowed?

A) He is trying to prevent an inmate from punching him.
B) She is trying to prevent an inmate from passing drugs to another inmate.
C) He discovers a group of inmates trying to escape.
D) She is trying to protect an inmate from being assaulted by another.
E) He has encountered an inmate who is disrespectful.

Question 45

Some states are facing a shortage of corrections officers.One reason for this is:

A) high unemployment rates.
B) the increase in prison populations.
C) shorter prison sentences for drug offenders.
D) greater education requirements for corrections officers.
E) more prisons built in urban areas.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the desired goods and services of prison life?

A) food
B) freedom
C) sex
D) drugs
E) preferred living conditions

Question 47

Research conducted by the Bureau of Justice statistics has found that most prisoners are:

A) young minority males with less than a high school education.
B) older minority males with a high school education.
C) young minority females with less than a high school education.
D) older white males from organized crime groups.
E) older white males who organized drug trafficking gangs.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that make governing prisons different from administering other public institutions?

A) the effects of total power
B) the limitation on the rewards and punishment officials can use
C) the increase of rehabilitative programs and incentives
D) the co-optation of correctional officers through exchange relationships
E) the strength of inmate leadership

Question 49

The problems associated with total power, rewards and punishments, exchange relationships, and inmate leadership:

A) exist in only a few prisons.
B) exist only in state prisons.
C) exist only in federal prisons.
D) make prisons easier to govern than other institutions.
E) make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.

Question 50

This population of this type of offender has increased since the 1960s. Unfortunately, correctional officers are usually unprepared to deal with which of the following groups?

A) HIV infected
B) geriatric
C) long term
D) mentally ill
E) juvenile

Question 51

Which of the following would NOT be considered a part of classroom training for correctional officers?

A) report writing
B) arrest procedures
C) communicable diseases
D) inmate classification
E) self-defense

Question 52

Which of the following rewards would an inmate new to the prison be expected to earn for good behavior?

A) furloughs
B) work release
C) a favorable job assignment
D) transfer to a halfway house
E) an educational release program

Question 53

Studies have shown that which of the following is a major motivation for becoming a corrections officer?

A) enjoyment of working with prisoners
B) a desire to aid in the rehabilitation process
C) a desire to use violence on the job
D) a desire for a secure civil service job
E) a desire for high pay and pleasant working conditions

Question 54

The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners' behavior is called:

A) jailing.
B) the inmate code.
C) gleaning.
D) machismo.
E) the prisoners' law.

Question 55

These inmates will most likely be alienated from the rest of the population and targeted for abuse because they have violated the inmate code:

A) punk
B) wolf
C) hack
D) screw
E) dude

Question 56

The standard currency in the prison economy has traditionally been:

A) money.
B) soap.
C) sex.
D) cigarettes.
E) drugs.

Question 57

Correctional administrators have made efforts to recruits females and minorities.Approximately what percentage of corrections employees are minorities?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40
E) 45

Question 58

Average pay for correctional officers in southern, rural states is:

A) $22,000
B) $25,000
C) $28,000
D) $30,000
E) $32,000

Question 59

Correctional officer's roles have changed dramatically.They are expected to counsel, supervise, protect, and:

A) process the inmates.
B) educate the inmates.
C) organize the inmates.
D) develop the inmates.
E) legalize the inmates.

Question 60

Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities are referred to as:

A) challenged inmates.
B) bottom feeders.
C) gleaners.
D) jailers.
E) disorganized criminals.

Question 61

Which prison model would provide the best opportunities to learn a trade or gain an education?

A) custodial model
B) rehabilitation model
C) reintegration model
D) community model
E) ​family model

Question 62

The typical big house of the 1940s and 1950s had all of the following EXCEPT:

A) large, tiered cell blocks.
B) a yard.
C) shops.
D) industrial workshops.
E) a counseling center.

Question 63

The small size of women's prisons and the relatively small number of women prisoners has contributed to:

A) a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation.
B) a culture dominated by gangs.
C) a steady increase in prison violence.
D) the creation of "wall-less" prisons.
E) careful separation of violent and nonviolent offenders.

Question 64

The model which dominates most maximum security prisons today is the:

A) custodial model.
B) rehabilitation model.
C) reintegration model.
D) family model.
E) community model.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about prison managers is FALSE?

A) Prison managers cannot select their clients.
B) Prison managers have complete control over release of clients who are there against their will.
C) Prison managers must rely on unpaid clients to do most of the daily work.
D) Prison maintenance depends on satisfactory relationship between clients and staff.
E) Custodial staff in the prison are the most numerous.

Question 66

Which is NOT one of the three models of incarceration which have predominated since the early 1940s?

A) custodial model
B) rehabilitation model
C) reintegration model
D) community model

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems confronting the modern prison system in America?

A) overcrowding
B) legal issues
C) racial conflicts
D) limited resources
E) abundant vocational programs

Question 68

Which of the following job training programs is least likely to be found in a women's prison?

A) cosmetology
B) food service
C) electronics repair
D) housekeeping
E) sewing

Question 69

A primary feature of the "the mix" is anything for which one can lose:

A) earned time.
B) good time.
C) family time.
D) probation time.
E) parole time.

Question 70

A major difference between male and female prisons includes:

A) interpersonal relationships.
B) staff relationships.
C) domestic relationships.
D) psychiatric relationships.

Question 71

During the 1960s and early 1970s, prisons began to feature what new aspect?

A) tiered cell blocks
B) a yard
C) shops
D) industrial workshops
E) a counseling center

Question 72

Which of the following statements about prison managers is TRUE?

A) Prison managers select their clients.
B) Prison managers have control over release of clients who are there against their will.
C) Prison managers do not rely on unpaid clients to do most of the daily work.
D) Prison maintenance is independent of satisfactory relationship between clients and staff.
E) Prison managers are professional personnel such as teachers, clinicians, and industry supervisors.

Question 73

Which of the following statements concerning prison programs is TRUE?

A) They are readily available to prisoners.
B) Legislators today are financially supportive of prisoner programs.
C) More programs tend to increase hostilities in prisons.
D) Classification of prisoners and assignment to various programs are often based on the needs of the institution.
E) Few inmates are interested in becoming involved in programs.

Question 74

The goals of incapacitation, deterrence, and retribution would best be realized with this model?

A) custodial model
B) rehabilitation model
C) reintegration model
D) community model
E) ​family model

Question 75

Which is NOT a reason imprisoned mothers have a difficult time maintaining contact with their children?

A) distance
B) infrequent phone calls
C) irregular visits
D) parental apathy
E) adult visitation only

Question 76

Prisoner administrators are wary of the prison economy because:

A) inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
B) the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
C) prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions.
D) some prisoners are not allowed to participate.
E) prison officials do not want prisoners to have any amenities.

Question 77

Prisoners with emotional or addiction problems would prosper best under which model?

A) custodial model
B) rehabilitation model
C) reintegration model
D) community model
E) ​family model

Question 78

The increased number of women in prison has significantly affected which of the following?

A) delivery of programs
B) housing conditions
C) medical care
D) staffing
E) all of these

Question 79

A "get tough on crime" approach to address societal concerns over dangerous career criminals would likely be addressed through which model?

A) custodial model
B) rehabilitation model
C) reintegration model
D) community model
E) ​family model

Question 80

Which of the following statements concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons is TRUE?

A) Women's prisons have a more highly developed hidden economy.
B) Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
C) Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
D) Women's prisons are generally smaller.
E) Women's prisons are more security-conscious.