Deck 5: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges

Question 1

After September 11, 2001, the FBI shifted the focus of its personnel assignments from crime-control activities to intelligence-gathering.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Immigrants from Southeast Asia make up the fastest growing minority group in the United States.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Aggressive patrol strains police relations with African Americans and Hispanics.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Prosecutors have used anti-terrorism legislation to prosecute gang members for criminal activity.

Question 5

Community policing can take many forms depending on the needs and priorities of the police department.

Question 6

Fusion centers were developed to encourage the use of community policing techniques.

Question 7

Detectives are more closely supervised than patrol officers.

Question 8

Police help maintain order by enforcing traffic laws.

Question 9

Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.

Question 10

Preventive patrol involves increased police presence in a community in order to reduce crime.

Question 11

The community policing philosophy does not include community residents in decision making.

Question 12

Aggressive patrol is a form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas.

Question 13

Traffic enforcement is a major job of the police.

Question 14

Police are mainly reactive because they are dependent upon citizen calls for service in performing their duties.

Question 15

ComStat delivers detailed crime statistics for each precinct and helps to develop immediate approaches and goals for problem solving..

Question 16

In large departments, detectives make up two-thirds of sworn officers.

Question 17

Local police departments are not trained in homeland security issues.

Question 18

Most police patrolling is still conducted in cars.

Question 19

Hot spots are locations where crimes occur frequently.

Question 20

Police officers who have the public's confidence are often more effective at their jobs.

Question 21

Higher level security managers are increasingly drawn from college graduates with degrees in criminal justice.

Question 22

Violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion, is called:

A) policy.
B) domestic violence.
C) intimate reunions.
D) divorce intercession.
E) date violence.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?

A) the nature of the crime
B) the relationship between the alleged criminal and victim
C) the relationship between the police and the criminal or victim
D) the rank of the responding officer
E) prior criminal history

Question 24

Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are guilty of:

A) police brutality
B) less lethal force
C)racial disparity
D)profiling
E)prejudice

Question 25

Police use force infrequently.

Question 26

Most officers, on most shifts, do not make even one arrest.

Question 27

Although some departments may forbid moonlighting by their officers, some departments simultaneously facilitate and control the hiring of their officers.

Question 28

A suspect who shows no respect to an officer is less likely to be arrested than one who does.

Question 29

The process of catching a suspect has five stages.

Question 30

School resource officers are classified as special operations.

Question 31

In 2008, 46 percent of private security officers had a high school diploma or less.

Question 32

When the police attempt to deter crime and officers respond quickly to calls are characteristic of a free patrol.

Question 33

What is the application of force against individuals by police officers that violates either departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible in a given situation?

A) less lethal force
B) excessive use of force
C) racial disparity
D) profiling
E) prejudice

Question 34

Municipal police are usually responsible for maintaining security in and around nuclear power plants, oil refineries, and military facilities.

Question 35

Officers who participate in violations of law and departmental policy for personal gain are guilty of:

A) brutality.
B) code of silence.
C) corruption.
D) disparity.
E) official conduct.

Question 36

Private firms are not allowed to hire public police officers.

Question 37

The largest block of an officer's time during a typical shift is spent on traffic control.

Question 38

​Use of force typically occurs when police are trying interrogate witnesses and the witnesses are either uncooperative or hostile.

Question 39

Police are less likely to enforce the law against elderly, white, affluent women, than against a younger, black male.

Question 40

Officers who participate in small payoffs such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket are called:

A) grass eaters.
B) meat eaters.
C) code of violators.
D) hazing.
E) payoffs.

Question 41

Officers who participate in widespread corruption including drug smuggling and money laundering are called:

A) grass eaters.
B) meat eaters.
C) code of violators.
D) hazing.
E) payoffs.

Question 42

What approach to crime fighting uses detailed crime statistics and forces police supervisors to meet to plan goals for crime prevention purposes?

A) Crime Stat
B) Policeone
C) Crime Fighter Stat
D) Compstat
E) Crime Data

Question 43

Police officers assigned for duty in schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships with students that may assist in delinquency prevention are known as what type of officers?

A) SWAT
B) juvenile
C) vice
D) SRO
E) traffic

Question 44

Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:

A) respond to citizen calls for service.
B) initiate actions in the absence of citizen requests.
C) operate according to "hunches."
D) stop crime before it happens.
E) focus on administrative tasks.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?

A) responding to citizen calls for service
B) responding to victimless crimes using a stakeout
C) responding to citizens who approach an officer
D) responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled
E) incident-driven policing

Question 46

Which of the following statements about measurements of police productivity is TRUE?

A) Clearance rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
B) Crime rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
C) Clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture of police productivity.
D) Clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture of police productivity.
E) Police productivity can be accurately calculated using a city's population, crime level, and the size of the police force.

Question 47

This type of policing involves examining social science studies on the nature of crime and social problems.

A) differential response
B) research based
C) evidence based
D) incident driven
E) evidence response

Question 48

Which type of police officers accounts for two-thirds of all sworn officers?

A) detective
B) traffic
C) juvenile
D) vice
E) patrol

Question 49

The approach to policing that involves assigning priorities to various calls for service is known as:

A) incident-driven policing.
B) clearance rate.
C) differential response.
D) line functions.
E) preventive patrol.

Question 50

Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:

A) internal affairs.
B) the accreditation board.
C) the community election board.
D) the civilian review board.
E) the private review board.

Question 51

The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:

A) incident-driven policing.
B) clearance rate.
C) differential response.
D) line functions.
E) preventive patrol.

Question 52

To improve efficiency, police departments utilize the policy of differential response, which allows:

A) for less detailed information to be received from callers.
B) that callers are uncertain about when to expect a response.
C) the appropriate response.
D) that patrol officers know less about a case when they respond.
E) that low-income callers received less attention from police.

Question 53

This is the unit of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies on the part of officers.

A) SWAT
B) school resource
C) internal affairs
D) human resources department
E) external affairs

Question 54

In federal agencies, the work of special agents is most similar to that of:

A) vice officers.
B) SWAT officers.
C) patrol officers.
D) detectives.
E) dispatchers.

Question 55

The policing approach in which calls for service are the main instigators of police action is known as:

A) clearance rate policing.
B) aggressive patrol policing.
C) proactive policing.
D) preventive policing.
E) incident-driven policing.

Question 56

Preventive patrol emphasizes:

A) large numbers of arrests to control crime.
B) responding to 911 calls.
C) making police presence known.
D) fixing "broken windows."
E) order maintenance.

Question 57

What employees have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force in the commission of their duties?

A) security officers
B) communication officers
C) sworn officers
D) directed officers
E) armed security

Question 58

CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to:

A) develop standards for police policies and practices.
B) review police agencies.
C) award accreditation.
D) determine if standards are met.
E) all of these.

Question 59

The nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to develop standards for police is called:

A) CALEA.
B) TRO.
C) SOR.
D) SRC.
E) TOR.

Question 60

The police function that includes the familiar sight of uniformed and armed officers on call 24 hours a day, also called the backbone of police operations, is the:

A) patrol.
B) desk sergeant.
C) shift commander.
D) beat cop.
E) captain.

Question 61

According to a report by the National Institute of Justice, which statement regarding the police use of force is FALSE?

A) Police use force infrequently.
B) Police use of force typically occurs in the lower end of the force spectrum and involves grabbing, pushing, or shoving.
C) Police use of force is frequent, but undocumented.
D) Use of force typically occurs when police are trying to make an arrest and the suspect is resisting.

Question 62

Which of the following statements about the traffic regulation function of the police is TRUE?

A) It is mostly reactive.
B) It is mostly proactive.
C) Its only major benefit is order maintenance.
D) It involves a limited use of discretion.
E) It is a major source of police income.

Question 63

Interpol was created in order to:

A) fight terrorism.
B) foster cooperation among the world's police forces.
C) implement community policing in the United States.
D) teach officers about the benefits of community policing.
E) improve policy-community relations around the world.

Question 64

According to a study of police officers in Wilmington, Delaware, _________ consumes the most time of an officer.

A) being on free patrol
B) doing crime-related activities
C) doing administrative tasks
D) being on traffic control
E) maintaining order

Question 65

Programs in which criminal justice officials cultivate relationships with and rely on assistance from citizens in preventing crime and apprehending offenders are:

A) community crime prevention.
B) community sanctions.
C) community prevention plans.
D) community crime pretense.
E) community proactive prevention.

Question 66

Drug enforcement in large cities often combat organized crime and gangs involved in drug abuse with this type of patrol.

A) preventative
B) routine
C) aggressive
D) proactive
E) reactive

Question 67

Which model permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the department to have officers assigned to them?

A) department contract model
B) officer contract model
C) union brokerage model
D) public-private interface model
E) ​department contract model

Question 68

Which of the following statements about public police officers who work for private security firms is TRUE?

A) Congress passed a law making it illegal for public police officers to work for private firms.
B) It is legal for public police officers to work for private firms, but they never retain their full powers and status as police personnel.
C) It is almost always legal for public police officers to work for private firms, and they may retain their powers and status as police personnel.
D) Very few police officers work for private firms.
E) There is no conflict of interest if a public police officer works for a private firm.

Question 69

The less serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it is an example of what type of police discretion?

A) the nature of the crime
B) the relationship between the alleged criminal and victim
C) the relationship between the police and the criminal or victim
D) the rank of the responding officer
E) prior criminal history

Question 70

Which of the following has NOT been a factor in the recent growth of the private security industry?

A) budgetary constraints upon the states
B) fear of crime
C) an increase in the number of people wanting to become police officers
D) an increase in crimes in the workplace
E) an increase in public and business awareness

Question 71

Which of the following models allows officers to obtain off-duty employment with permission from their department?

A) officer contract model
B) conflict of interest model
C) union brokerage model
D) department contract model
E) public-private interface model

Question 72

When it comes to police discretion, which one of the following statements is associated with relationship between the police and the criminal or victim?

A) The less serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to to use discretion.
B) Police discretion is dependent upon the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim.
C) A polite complainant will be taken more seriously than a hostile one.
D) Departmental policy recognizes that some officers are more likely to investigate criminal activity than others.
E) Police administrators can set priorities and dictate changes that have enormous consequences on an officer's use of discretion.

Question 73

Which of the following is a central feature of community policing?

A) reactive policing
B) improved 911 response time
C) problem solving
D) crime control
E) criminal investigation

Question 74

Which classic study of a police department found that preventative patrol did not decrease crime, and forced many departments to redesign their crime fighting strategy?

A) Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment
B) Charlotte Preventative Patrol Experiment
C) Tampa Preventative Patrol Experiment
D) Oakland Preventative Patrol Experiment
E) None of these

Question 75

Which of the following is a vice offense?

A) assault
B) traffic violations
C) arson
D) auto theft
E) prostitution

Question 76

Some professionals have become concerned about lower-level security workers because:

A) such positions have a high turnover rate.
B) the pay rate is generally low.
C) low-level workers may be people who cannot find employment elsewhere.
D) all of the above.
E) none of these.

Question 77

Community policing philosophies suggest that citizens should be viewed as:

A) criminals.
B) victims.
C) offenders.
D) customers.
E) complainants.

Question 78

Joint planning for emergencies, hiring of private firms to guard govern ment facilities, and hiring of police officers for off-duty private security work are examples of the:

A) officer contract model.
B) conflict of interest model.
C) union brokerage model.
D) department contract model.
E) public-private interface model.

Question 79

When it comes to police discretion, which one of the following statements is associated with departmental policy?

A) The less serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to use discretion.
B) Police discretion is dependent upon the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim.
C) A polite complainant will be taken more seriously than a hostile one.
D) Departmental policy recognizes that some officers are more likely to investigate criminal activity than others.
E) Police administrators can set priorities and dictate changes that have enormous consequences on an officer's use of discretion.

Question 80

According to a report by the National Institute of Justice, which statement regarding the police use of force is TRUE?

A) Police use force infrequently.
B) Police use of force typically occurs in the upper end of the force spectrum and involves beating and maiming.
C) Police use of force is frequent, but undocumented.
D) Use of force typically occurs during the morning shift.