Deck 3: Critical Thinking, Scientific Inquiry, and Lifelong Learning

Question 1

_____ involves "the propensity and skill to use reflective skepticism when engaged in some specific activity" (McPeck, 1990, p.3).

A)Fast thinking
B)Critical thinking
C)Statistical power
D)System 1 thinking

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____ threatens the validity of a research study because the people who drop out of the research may differ from those who remain.

A)Attrition
B)Reactivity
C)Repeated testing
D)Selection intervention interaction

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of professional social workers who engage in scientific inquiry and critical thought?

A)They predominantly depend on System 1 thinking.
B)They engage in dichotomous thinking rather than complex thinking.
C)The certainty of their thoughts is indicative of the truth of their thoughts.
D)They realize that their ideas, beliefs, or judgments are subject to error.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A false positive refers to the phenomenon of participants dropping out of a research study because they have benefited in some way or perhaps because they lose interest.

Question 5

The term _____ refers to a research design's capacity to determine that an independent variable caused change in a dependent variable.

A)construct validity
B)attribution bias
C)confirmation bias
D)internal validity

Question 6

Unlike research-based articles, authority-based articles:

A)do not carry the same degree of scientific credibility.
B)are generally even more challenging to understand and evaluate.
C)do not reflect the thoughts and suggestions of people.
D)use arcane terminology and commonly apply statistics in describing the significance of research findings.

Question 7

A false negative results when someone suggests that something is false or invalid, but it actually is true or valid.

Question 8

According to Nathan and Gorman, Type 6 Studies are the most rigorous research studies and involve a randomized, prospective clinical trial.

Question 9

Social workers must ask questions about the validity, reliability, and relevance of information that might guide the nature and quality of our service.

Question 10

Rhonda, a social scientist, is invited to a talk show.In the show, Rhoda claims that the children of well-educated and rich parents are likely to be wealthier than those children whose parents are poor and not educated.She says that children from economically sound families are comparatively more hardworking.She neglects the economic and social factors that cause the disparity and holds that poor people suffer because of their laziness.In this case, Rhonda's claim is an example of _____.

A)contextually relativistic thinking
B)anecdotal evidence
C)a null hypothesis
D)the ultimate attribution error

Question 11

Which of the following is a major problem associated with multiplistic thinking?

A)Life does not present issues in a true-false, right-wrong, or good-bad fashion.
B)The advocators of multiplistic thinking ignore the opinions of others.
C)A person who engages in multiplistic thinking changes in accord with changing circumstances, leading to inconsistency in thought.
D)Opinions, positions, claims, and arguments are not all equally valid, reasonable, or relevant.

Question 12

.

Question 13

In order to decrease the chance of false findings, researchers often conduct _____ to determine an optimal sample size.

A)size analyses
B)power analyses
C)variable analyses
D)group analyses

Question 14

In the context of evidence-based practice, the search involves:

A)discovery and storage of located resources.
B)collaborative decision making with clients.
C)application of the new or revised plans and continued evaluation of outcomes and effects.
D)implementation of the agreed-upon plans.

Question 15

According to Perry's model of intellectual development, _____ often make claims based upon an assumption that perspectives cannot, and perhaps should not, be judged by others or by external standards.

A)dualistic thinkers
B)multiplistic thinkers
C)contextually relativistic thinkers
D)empathic thinkers

Question 16

An advantage of dualistic thinking is that it considers a variety of useful perspectives and innovative solutions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of the abstract of a research article?

A)It involves brief summaries of the research.
B)It includes the names of the cited authors, the sources, and the kinds of publications.
C)It is generally used for quoting and paraphrasing as it is more accurate than the article.
D)It contains a summary of the findings of the research and a discussion of their possible meaning and implications.

Question 18

A logical fallacy is an argument that is usually psychologically persuasive but logically weak.

Question 19

Amelie is a social worker who has many clients.She knows that there are several biases, assumptions and logical fallacies in the way she deals with her clients' problems.Though she is aware of these flaws, she does not try to improve her critical thinking abilities.According to Paul and Elder's critical thinking stages, Amelie is in the _____ stage.

A)challenged
B)unreflective
C)beginning
D)accomplished

Question 20

According to the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers (2008), which of the following is an accurate ethical principle?

A)Social workers should provide services and represent themselves as competent even outside the boundaries of their education.
B)Social workers should provide services in substantive areas or use intervention techniques or approaches that are new to them even without supervision.
C)Social workers should base practice on recognized knowledge, including empirically based knowledge, relevant to social work and social work ethics.
D)Social workers should not be involved in areas of practice where generally recognized standards do not exist.

Question 21

Evaluation is the second critical thinking dimension contained within Bloom's Taxonomy of Cognitive Learning Objectives.

Question 22

Analyze several news articles for logical fallacies.Identify the types of logical fallacies you find.

Question 23

Failure to keep abreast of findings from emerging research studies and reluctance to engage in relevant professional development activities may constitute a breach of ethics.

Question 24

Explain how lifelong learning will help you as a social worker.

Question 25

Effect size statistics are especially useful when attempting to determine the efficacy of an intentional intervention such as a psychosocial program or practice, or a drug or medical procedure.