Deck 16: The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

Question 1

The crucial difference between a parliament and an estates general was

A)a parliament was English; an estates general was French.
B)a parliament was a representative institution; an estates general was a king's council.
C)a parliament could pass laws; an estates general could not.
D)each member in a parliament had one vote; in an estates general, each estate had one vote.
E)each member of a parliament was elected; only some members of an estates general were elected.

Answer 1

each member in a parliament had one vote; in an estates general, each estate had one vote.

Question 2

The state, in this historical situation

A)encouraged a population to think of itself as a community.
B)covered a relatively large geographic area.
C)harnessed the local nobility and material resources through war and taxes.
D)usually was inherited by the rules of hereditary property.
E)All of these

Answer 2

All of these

Question 3

The development of Spain included all the following except

A)continued regionalism even after the unification of Aragon and Castile.
B)the strategic use of marriage for state development.
C)an extremely powerful Church that came to dominate the state.
D)the creation of a Spanish identity based on purity of blood and religion.
E)a centuries-long campaign to expel the Muslims for the Iberian Peninsula.

Answer 3

an extremely powerful Church that came to dominate the state.

Question 4

After Emperor Charles V retired to a monastery

A)the Hapsburg dominions and dynasty were divided into a Spanish and an Austrian branch.
B)his son Philip II conducted a foreign policy shaped by religious zeal.
C)Philip attempted to crush the Protestant-led revolt in the Netherlands, supported the Catholics in the French wars of religion, and attempted to depose Elizabeth I of England.
D)Spain would eventually face bankruptcy in the 1590s under his son Philip II.
E)All of these

Question 5

The descendents of Ferdinand and Isabella married into which non-Spanish family to create an empire extending from Austria to the Pacific?

A)The Hohenzollerns
B)The Jagiellonians
C)The Stuarts
D)The Hapsburgs
E)The Bourbons

Question 6

The usual founder of a ruling dynasty was

A)an appointee of the Roman Empire.
B)chosen by an assembly of all able-bodied men.
C)the most powerful noble who made his claim to kingship stick.
D)elected by the people.
E)selected by the Church.

Question 7

Which city replaced Antwerp as northern Europe's leasing commercial and banking city?

A)Amsterdam
B)Hamburg
C)London
D)Paris
E)Danzig

Question 8

Spain's intercontinental empire, at one time, included all the following except

A)large parts of the New World.
B)Portugal.
C)the Netherlands.
D)the Spice Islands.
E)parts of Italy.

Question 9

The Reformation had a major political impact on the Holy Roman Empire, among other reasons, because

A)the Protestant emphasis on obedience to secular authorities centralized the Empire into a unified German state.
B)the separation of church and state weakened both.
C)feudal princes and Protestant communities allied to keep the Emperor weak.
D)the resulting wars of religion enabled the Emperor to increase his power, finally breaking the power of feudalism.
E)Protestants effectively turned the Empire into a theocracy.

Question 10

The Spanish empire in the sixteenth century was funded largely by

A)taxes and requisitions from the Netherlands.
B)gold and silver from the New World colonies.
C)the development of iron-working and coal mining in Spain.
D)taxes on the slave trade.
E)new wars of conquest.

Question 11

Which country first used a system of national bonds and a citizen-financed debt?

A)Britain
B)United Provinces
C)France
D)Prussia
E)The United States

Question 12

Which of the following statements about early modern monarchies is inaccurate?

A)Monarchs began to make their presence known to the average individual through taxes and conscription.
B)The absolute power of kings extended into the realm of private property; monarchs literally owned everything in their country.
C)Political power was overwhelmingly masculine and familial.
D)Monarchs and commercial classes could form powerful alliances.
E)Monarchial states helped to usher in the modern age.

Question 13

Medieval French kings did all of the following except

A)establish an efficient bureaucracy staffed by members of the bourgeoisie and lesser nobles, persons dependent on the king.
B)claim to have been selected directly by God to rule.
C)exercise absolute power.
D)earn the allegiance of many of their subjects through their role in the Hundred Years' War.
E)unilaterally levy taxes and maintain a standing army.

Question 14

The decline of Spain demonstrates all the following except

A)the power of an empire required a vital economic base.
B)in the early modern period, only areas with a significant, aggressive mercantile class prospered.
C)ideally, the landed elite and the commercial elite should merge.
D)that a country had to be Protestant to be great.
E)wealth needs to be invested wisely.

Question 15

The two most common forms of government in early modern Europe were

A)absolute monarchy and republican states.
B)limited monarchy and autocracy.
C)republican states and limited monarchy.
D)absolute monarchy and autocracy.
E)autocracy and republican states.

Question 16

How did most monarchies use religion to strengthen their state?

A)Most confiscated Church property to finance their growing armies and administration
B)Most attempted to make religion one of the forces uniting their subjects into a nation
C)By separating church and state, monarchies enabled people of different religious beliefs to all pledge allegiance to the same king.
D)Through prayer, kings were able to overcome their enemies.
E)Most presented the state as an alternative to the divisiveness of religion

Question 17

The weakest feature of Charles V's empire and the one that would lead most to the decline of Spain was

A)the conflict with Protestants.
B)the complexity of administering such a large empire.
C)constant warfare on the continent and in the Mediterranean.
D)lack of domestic industry, the lack of entrepreneurship and a weak commercial class.
E)separatism in Catalonia, Velencia, and Galicia.

Question 18

The formative group or force in most early modern European states was/were the

A)dynastic king and his court.
B)Church.
C)rising class of lawyers.
D)mode of production of the time.
E)people.

Question 19

As Spain declined in the seventeenth century

A)a social revolution threatened.
B)it was able to retain control over Portugal and Brazil.
C)the traditional aristocracy and the church retained power and perpetuated authoritarianism in Spain.
D)it formed closer ties with the Austrian Hapsburgs.
E)All of these

Question 20

In the Middle Ages, the power of the king was restricted by all the following except

A)the nobility.
B)townspeople.
C)the peasantry.
D)the Church.
E)representative institutions.

Question 21

The French government under the last Valois kings could be characterized as

A)building the foundation for Louis XIV's absolutism.
B)weak, unpopular, and unable to cope with France's wars of religion.
C)weakened by the struggle with the Gallican Church.
D)efficient, expanding, and popular.
E)None of these

Question 22

By the early seventeenth century, the English great lords

A)had largely lost their military ethos but increased their influence in the government due to their commercial enterprises.
B)had become a new composite class of great landowners and prosperous merchants.
C)had largely abandoned their military function and were losing influence to the gentry.
D)allied themselves with the townspeople against an upwardly mobile gentry.
E)continued to dominate English politics.

Question 23

When Norman kings ruled in England they

A)considered the clergy a threat.
B)had to fight strong forces of decentralization.
C)had to fight for half a century to subdue the country.
D)benefitted from their policy of intermarriage.
E)ignored the native elites.

Question 24

The phrase raison d'état was invented by

A)Henry VIII.
B)Niccoló Machiavelli.
C)Cardinal Richelieu.
D)Charles V.
E)Louis XIV.

Question 25

The Concordat of Bologna

A)forced the French to withdraw their armies from Italy.
B)ensured the French king's toleration of Protestantism.
C)gave the French king the right to nominate bishops in France.
D)established the sovereignty of the papal states.
E)acknowledge French domination of northern Italy after 1494.

Question 26

In general, mature absolutist states displayed the following characteristic(s)

A)royal patronage and suppression of the opposition.
B)a large centralized bureaucracy and effective channeling of wealth and resource into the service of the state.
C)a universal but inequitably applied system of taxation and a unified system of law.
D)state cultivation of the arts and sciences.
E)All of these

Question 27

As the English Parliament developed in the Middle Ages it offered all the following except

A)the king a means to exercise control and raise taxes.
B)a chance to question decisions of the king.
C)knights and burgesses a venue to voice their grievances.
D)peasants a means to limit exploitation by the nobility.
E)a complement to the king in the ruling of the country.

Question 28

What events were part of the crisis England faced in the seventeenth century?

A)The trial and execution of Charles I
B)A Puritan republic headed by Oliver Cromwell
C)The restoration of the Stuart dynasty
D)The final establishment of parliamentary government and the rule of law
E)All of these

Question 29

In plotting against James II in 1688, England's elite attempted to

A)secure their ancient feudal rights with respect to the king while avoiding Puritanism and social radicalism.
B)restore the Puritan Commonwealth.
C)increase political freedom not only in England but also in Ireland and Scotland.
D)establish a modern government along French lines.
E)place power in the hands of England common people.

Question 30

Which of the following drove Louis XIV to near-bankruptcy?

A)A weak, underdeveloped economy
B)War
C)Governmental corruption
D)Versailles
E)Patronage of science and the arts

Question 31

Louis XIV's absolutism functioned well for all the following reasons except

A)the complicity of the aristocracy.
B)the Church's support from the pulpit.
C)the self-aggrandizement of government officials.
D)prosperity and fair treatment for the peasantry.
E)an effective and huge military.

Question 32

In the "court and country" opposition that shaped seventeenth-century English politics country refers to

A)the peasants.
B)a loose group of merchants and rising entrepreneurs with roots in the gentry.
C)the most powerful landed aristocrats and their allies among the small gentry.
D)the most vocal patriots.
E)All of these

Question 33

By the 1660s, France had

A)enjoyed a significant victory in the Thirty Years' War.
B)emerged as Europe's leading power.
C)weathered the Fronde.
D)achieved absolutism.
E)All of these

Question 34

The absolutist French monarchy did each of the following except

A)dispatch road engineers from Paris to the provinces.
B)require local officials to look to the central government for direction.
C)control coal manufacturing.
D)show particular concern for cultural development within France.
E)confiscate the wealth of the aristocracy.

Question 35

When compared with their French counterparts, the main disadvantage the Stuarts had in their efforts to establish absolutism was

A)a lack of money.
B)a more powerful commercial class to contain.
C)the need for a navy.
D)a reformed church as opposed to the Catholic Church in France.
E)a much smaller population.

Question 36

Under the Tudors

A)more commoners entered royal service.
B)the Reformation strengthened the Parliament.
C)the monarch showed absolutist tendencies similar to those on the continent.
D)the government gained in efficiency and strength.
E)All of these

Question 37

Vindiciae contra Tyrannos (1579) was

A)a French treatise justifying the overthrow and execution of an unjust king.
B)a Huguenot pamphlet protesting oppression by the Catholic Church in France.
C)a treatise written in England to justify the execution of the king.
D)written by Bartolomé de Las Casas to protest brutality against the indigenous population in Spanish America.
E)a Dutch pamphlet justifying the revolt against Spain.

Question 38

The Puritan republic ended for all the following reasons except

A)a leadership vacuum after the death of Cromwell.
B)pressure from radicals who wanted communal property and the vote for most men.
C)satisfaction of the economic interests of the gentry, merchants and some small landowners.
D)the willingness of the heir to the throne to disavow absolutism.
E)the popularity of Mary and her husband William of Orange.

Question 39

The authors of your text refer to which of the following as the most brilliant of Louis XIV's policies?

A)Establishing good relations with the church
B)Demonstrating the king's magnificence through ritual and architecture
C)Dismissal of aristocrats as prominent advisors to the king
D)Gaining the confidence and support of the French manufacturers
E)The intendant system

Question 40

Louis XIV' s government included all the following except

A)regular consultations with the parlements.
B)Versailles as a palace of distractions for the aristocracy.
C)intendants as royal agents administrating the districts of France.
D)a very competent finance minister, Colbert.
E)a huge military machine with an army of 300,000.

Question 41

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
dynastic state

Question 42

The Netherlands were the linchpin of Philip II's empire.Troubles began when

A)the Spanish sent to the Inquisition and a large army to keep order.
B)the English began to raid Dutch ships.
C)a tightly organized Calvinist minority in the north began to harass Spanish authorities.
D)the Union of Utrecht united seven of the provinces.
E)the Spanish Armada was lost in the English Channel.

Question 43

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
absolutism

Question 44

Although the differences between Russia and the West were immense, the political arrangement in Russia resembled somewhat that in

A)France.
B)Austria.
C)United Provinces.
D)Prussia.
E)England.

Question 45

Over time, the constitutional system created by the Revolution of 1688-1689

A)reformed to reflect a more democratic social reality.
B)acquired a standing army.
C)yielded authority to parliamentary ministers and state officials.
D)became a viable alternative to absolutism.
E)All of these

Question 46

According to the author, the last chance to unify the Holy Roman Empire ended with

A)the loss of the Empire's northern Italian cities.
B)Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
C)the Treaty of Augsburg in 1555.
D)the second Turkish attack on Vienna in 1683.
E)the successful war of liberation in the Netherlands.

Question 47

The United Provinces combined all the following except

A)the most innovative commercial and financial practices in Europe.
B)a unique urban and capitalist cultural milieu.
C)a well-defined republican government with the head of the House of Orange as limited monarch.
D)wide tolerance and the richest society in Europe.
E)a rich and politically engaged bourgeoisie.

Question 48

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Versailles

Question 49

According to the author, the War of Spanish Succession

A)kept the Spanish crown in the House of Hapsburg.
B)was fought throughout the Spanish Empire.
C)ended with a clear French victory.
D)made Austria into a major force in Europe and started England's rise to world power status.
E)All of these

Question 50

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
raison d'état

Question 51

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Protestant wind

Question 52

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Gallican Church

Question 53

In its early centuries, the Holy Roman Empire failed to develop a powerful centralized government because

A)the Emperors were preoccupied with northern Italy and the Papacy.
B)the Emperors were elected.
C)the main princes were fiercely independent.
D)the nobility was able to consolidate its control over local populations.
E)All of these

Question 54

In the period roughly from 1500 to 1750

A)the modern state was invented by absolute monarchies that also developed the idea of human liberty.
B)both the modern state and the idea of human liberty were created by republican states such as the United Provinces.
C)the modern state was invented by absolute monarchies while the modern idea of human liberty was developed in Renaissance Italy.
D)republican states such as the United Netherlands and England invented the modern state but the idea of human liberty came from Renaissance Italy.
E)None of these

Question 55

In the Glorious Revolution, William of Orange and the Dutch's interest to make a deal with the English Parliament secured their

A)hope to regain the lead in European commerce.
B)need for support against Louis XIV's France.
C)need for support against the renewal of Spanish attempts to recover the Netherlands.
D)hopes of acquiring large grants of land seized from Catholic nobles in Ireland.
E)expectation that some of England's New World colonies would eventually devolve to the Dutch.

Question 56

The Thirty Years' War that devastated the Holy Roman Empire began when

A)the Bohemians chose a Protestant as their king.
B)the Swedish king Gustavus Augustus attacked the Empire.
C)Charles V retired to a monastery.
D)Jan Hus challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
E)Savoy, the Palatine, and the United Provinces united against the House of Hapsburg.

Question 57

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Treaty of Westphalia

Question 58

Absolutism in Prussia was based on an alliance between the king and

A)the nobility who were guaranteed that serfdom would be permanent.
B)immigrant Calvinists expelled from France after the revocation of the Treaty of Nantes.
C)the cities which benefitted from the Baltic trade.
D)the Lutheran Church.
E)his fellow absolute monarchs in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 59

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
sovereignty

Question 60

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
New Christians

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
constitutional monarchy

Question 62

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Thirty Years' War

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hapsburgs

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"Time of Troubles"

Question 65

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
intendants

Question 66

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)

-Indicate the location of two absolute monarchies and two of the most important of the non-absolutist states as of 1700.

Question 67

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)
Designate those areas belonging to the Hapsburg family; those held by the Hohenzollerns; and those controlled by Russia and Spain in approximately the mid-seventeenth century.

Question 68

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)
Indicate the furthest advance of Islam into Spain and Grenada before it destruction in 1492.

Question 69

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)
Draw in the border of the Holy Roman Empire in 1618.Indicate the spot where the Thirty Years' War began.Indicate two foreign powers that intervened in the Thirty Years' War.

Question 70

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
The engine that drove the development of the centralized European state was war.Make an argument for this statement.

Question 71

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)
Locate the following sites: the major Dutch urban centers of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, and The Hague; the location where the Fronde occurred, Paris; the site where a Concordat was signed, Bologna; the place from which the Spanish Armada set sail, Lisbon; and finally Antwerp, which was sacked by Spanish soldiers.

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hohenzollerns

Question 73

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
The author states that "[f]rom the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, a new and unique form of political organization emerged in the West: the dynastic, or national, state." What does she mean by "dynastic state," how did it develop and why was it so unique?

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Junker

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Magna Carta

Question 76

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Discuss the significance of dynasty in the period of monarchical sovereignty.

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
stadtholder

Question 78

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Explain the dramatic increase of Spanish power in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the dramatic decline in Spanish power in the seventeenth century.

Question 79

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Explain how kings were pivotal figures in the growth of their states.

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
hegemony