Deck 12: The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

Question 1

One may say of the Battle of Crécy that it

A)preceded the conflict of the Hundred Years' War.
B)was part of a conflict between Brittany and Normandy.
C)illustrated dramatically the power of the longbow.
D)involved the final glory of the knights.
E)was a major French victory over the English.

Answer 1

illustrated dramatically the power of the longbow.

Question 2

The successes of the Avignonese Popes include

A)internationalization of the Church.
B)financial centralization.
C)a heightened spirituality.
D)greater clarity in Church doctrine.
E)All of these

Answer 2

financial centralization.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

A)In the opening phase of the Hundred Years' War, the English inflicted terrible defeats on French knights at Crécy.
B)In the fourteenth century, the trend was toward longer wars.
C)A French peasant girl, Joan of Arc, helped to rescue France during the Hundred Years' War.
D)The French depended on a volunteer army during the Hundred Years' War.
E)Marauding soldiers in the countryside helped to spark the Jacquerie.

Answer 3

The French depended on a volunteer army during the Hundred Years' War.

Question 4

The most dramatic clash between Philip IV and Boniface VIII was

A)the kidnapping, release, and subsequent death of the Pope.
B)the excommunication and repentance of the king.
C)the Papacy's move to Avignon.
D)repeal of the encyclical Unam Sanctum.
E)conciliation at the Council of Constance.

Question 5

All of the following were agricultural problems in the Late Middle Ages except

A)decline of animal husbandry leading to a manure shortage.
B)heavy rain and frost.
C)depletion of nutrients from the topsoil.
D)failure of European peasants to utilize draft animals.
E)a general shortage of food.

Question 6

The shortage of silver in late medieval Europe led to

A)coin debasement.
B)inflation.
C)declining income from peasant dues.
D)increased war and plunder.
E)All of these

Question 7

The Black Death produced

A)panic, abandonment of loved ones, lawlessness, and violent anti-Semitism.
B)everything from debauchery to extreme religiosity.
C)bands of flagellants who beat themselves publicly as an act of contrition.
D)art obsessed with death and decay.
E)All of these

Question 8

During the Late Middle Ages

A)there was crop failure, famine, starvation, war, and rebellion.
B)the population fell, many villages were abandoned, and there was much unemployment.
C)the synthesis of faith and reason in scholasticism began to fall apart.
D)Italy experienced a major new cultural movement.
E)All of these

Question 9

The core argument of The Defender of the Peace by Marsiglio of Padua was that

A)the state ran according to religious commands originated in a higher realm.
B)the state was self-sufficient and needed no guidance from a high authority.
C)the king had the duty to be "Defender of the Peace," hence he had the ultimate spiritual authority in the land.
D)the king had the duty to aid the Pope in maintaining peace.
E)each individual should dedicate himself to imitating Christ, the Prince of Peace.

Question 10

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about the Black Death?

A)The Black Death was an outbreak of the bubonic plague.
B)The Black Death swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351.
C)The Black Death periodically returned after its initial outbreak.
D)During its first outbreak, the Black Death killed about half of the population in Europe.
E)Contemporaries viewed the Black Death as divine punishment.

Question 11

The Black Death that struck Europe in the mid fourteenth century originated in

A)Mongolia.
B)India.
C)Sicily.
D)the Near East.
E)Persia.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the urban revolts of the High Middle Ages? Generally, they

A)were not initiated by the poorest city dwellers but by those whose lot had improved somewhat.
B)were initiated by the guilds and were aimed as much against the other guilds as against the nobles.
C)occurred in the less developed regions of the continent.
D)occurred only in the newer towns where the social system was still in flux.
E)were successful, unlike peasant revolts.

Question 13

The consequences of the Hundred Years' War included all the following except

A)a strengthening of a sense of solidarity among both the French and the English.
B)the decline of the French monarchy.
C)the strengthening of the English Parliament.
D)devastation of valuable farmland in France and the deaths of thousands of peasants.
E)the acceptance of gun powder in warfare.

Question 14

Which contributed least to the decline of the Papacy in the Late Middle Ages?

A)The Great Schism
B)The Avignonese Papacy
C)The Conciliar Movement
D)Growing disillusionment of the laity
E)The Renaissance

Question 15

The Papacy in Avignon

A)included all French Popes from 1309 to 1377.
B)accelerated lay disillusionment with the Papacy.
C)was conspicuous in its worldliness.
D)regularly appointed high clergy who neglected their duties to shepherd the faithful.
E)All of these

Question 16

The usual pattern in the High Middle Ages was for peasant rebellions to occur

A)in prosperous times when peasants felt particularly powerful and chaffed under the burden that still continued.
B)during economic troubles when nobles and kings broke with tradition and increased their demands.
C)at any time.
D)in areas adjacent to towns; town offered an example of freedom.
E)only in the less developed regions of Europe.

Question 17

The conflict between Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII included

A)a dispute over tax exemption for the Church in France.
B)a papal claim that whoever resists the Pope resists God.
C)a dispute over whether the king could arrest members of the clergy.
D)the first meeting of the Estates General.
E)All of these

Question 18

In 1381, English peasants rebelled in response to

A)rumors that King John II had entered into a secret conspiracy with the pope.
B)a sharp increase in grain prices.
C)Lollard agitation against the established church hierarchy.
D)new laws tying them to the land and increased taxes.
E)the continuing war with France.

Question 19

Peasants and nobles viewed the causes of peasant revolts differently.Which of the following best describes their views?

A)Peasants objected to new obligations.
B)Nobles believed that the revolts were against the social order created by God.
C)Many peasants argued that since everyone is descendent from Adam and Eve, no one has the right to lord over them.
D)Nobles suppressed revolts savagely.
E)All of these

Question 20

The Jacquerie was the

A)English peasant uprising of 1381.
B)Bohemian peasant uprising of 1403 led by Jan Hus.
C)popular French name for the Avignon papacy.
D)French peasant uprising of 1358.
E)the collective name for the French peasantry.

Question 21

The feudal tradition contributed to later development of the idea of liberty because

A)vassals possessed personal rights that their lord was legally bound to respect.
B)lords enjoyed unlimited freedom of action vis-à-vis their vassals.
C)feudal thought gave later advocates of liberty and equality before the law something to react against.
D)of the Christian notion that God cared about the salvation of each individual soul.
E)nobles believed that their position freed them from accountability.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)According to the medieval intellectual tradition, truth was all that was required to guide individuals.
B)Medieval thought accepted both revelation and reason as necessary to define the meaning of life and set standards for individuals.
C)Occasionally, the scholastic tradition followed a course that let philosophy and reason challenge faith.
D)Medieval thought accepted both revelation and reason as necessary to define the meaning of life and set standards for individuals and occasionally, the scholastic tradition followed a course that let philosophy and reason challenge faith.
E)In contrast to early Christians, medieval thinkers did not try to reconcile religion and philosophy.

Question 23

To protect themselves from the arbitrary behavior of a king, feudal lords initiated what in modern times came to be called

A)feudal law.
B)medieval law.
C)family law.
D)government by consent and the rule of law.
E)canon law.

Question 24

According to the author, the fundamental reason for the failure of the Conciliar Movement was

A)Pope Pius II's condemnation of the Movement as heretical.
B)withdrawal of support by the Holy Roman Emperor and the French king.
C)the Protestant Reformation.
D)the death of Jan Hus.
E)the inability of a Church Council to end the Great Schism.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

A)In the Middle Ages, one's preparation for heaven was the primary factor in one's life.
B)The modern world is different from the medieval one in that the latter rejected the idea that the universe was infinite in space and time.
C)Although the interpretations are different, both the medieval and modern worlds express a purposeful view of the universe and of a human being's existence.
D)The medieval religious view has been replaced in the modern world by secularism and science.
E)The medieval vision of the world was strongly hierarchical, the modern view is not.

Question 26

The modern view of knowledge resembles that of ancient classical thinkers and differs from the medieval theory of knowledge mainly in that

A)modern and ancient thought were based almost exclusively in Greek philosophy.
B)both in ancient and modern thinking, reason was independent; in medieval thought, it was dependent on faith.
C)the ancient and the modern theories of knowledge were uniform; the medieval were not.
D)all ancient and modern knowledge begins with sensory perception; medieval knowledge began with mysticism.
E)both ancient and modern knowledge stressed practical applications; medieval did not.

Question 27

Both Duns Scotus and William of Ockham were concerned with

A)healing the rift of the Great Schism.
B)writing tracts that supported papal authority.
C)determining whether reason was capable of supporting faith.
D)experimenting with grains to improve the food supply.
E)protecting the Jewish community from attack during the Black Death.

Question 28

Which of the following exemplified medieval technical skills?

A)The sundial
B)The astrolabe
C)The quadrant
D)Mechanical clocks
E)All of these

Question 29

What is meant by the breakdown of the Thomistic synthesis?

A)The Great Schism
B)The growing conviction by some that reason and faith are not compatible as Aquinas had believed
C)The condemnation of Thomas à Becket by Henry II
D)The disproving of Aquinas' synthesis of Averroës and Aristotle
E)The growing rift between Church and state

Question 30

Which of the following statements about the Great Schism is correct?

A)The French monarch believed it was important to support Urban VI.
B)The Great Schism made the divide between Orthodoxy and Catholicism permanent.
C)At one time, there were three men who claimed to be pope.
D)Although a Church Council might have ended the Great Schism, none was called.
E)The Great Schism put an end to the influence of Christianity in Western Civilization.

Question 31

Which best conveys the author's view of the end of the Middle Ages?

A)"A dark age comparable to the three centuries following Rome's fall descended on Europe."
B)"Medieval society's economic and political institutions and technological skills underwent a prolonged period of decay."
C)"Medieval civilization began its decline in the thirteenth century; however, no dark age followed."
D)"The waning of the Middle Ages opened up possibilities for another stage in Western civilization: the modern age."
E)"The waning of the Middle Ages was curiously similar to the waning of the Greek Dark Age."

Question 32

Lasting Christian influences on Western civilization include the belief in

A)the intrinsic value of each individual.
B)the fundamental equality of all people.
C)the need for a coherent and rational legal system.
D)limitations on the power of rulers.
E)All of these

Question 33

Jan Hus can be associated with all the following except

A)leading reform in Bohemia.
B)agreeing with many of Wycliffe's heretical views.
C)being burnt at the stake for his beliefs.
D)making the Bible accessible in the vernacular.
E)being a leading German religious reformer.

Question 34

The links between the Middle Age and the modern world include

A)currents in scholasticism.
B)important advances in business practices.
C)cities and the middle class.
D)the state system.
E)All of these

Question 35

Which of the following best describes William of Ockhams's significance?

A)By challenging Aquinas' scholasticism, Ockham revived ancient mysticism.
B)By separating reason and faith, Ockham's philosophy encouraged a more empirical examination of the natural world.
C)As the basis of scholasticism was being undermined, Ockham reunited philosophy and reason in a new and original synthesis.
D)Ockham's challenges to Church authority and his emphasis on the Bible encouraged new heresies.
E)Ockham was one of the leading scientists of the Late Middle Ages who successfully disproved Aristotle's theory of motion.

Question 36

According to Duns Scotus, human reason could not prove that

A)God is omnipotent.
B)God forgives sin.
C)the righteous are rewarded by God and the wicked are punished.
D)there is an immortal soul.
E)All of these

Question 37

Which of the following statements incorrectly describes the role of technology?

A)European technology developed, in part, because Medieval society did not share the extreme view in the ancient world that manual work was degrading.
B)Medieval technology in part stemmed from the Christian that God was above nature, not in it.
C)European technology benefited from the belief that God had made the earth to be exploited by humankind.
D)In the Middle Ages, Europeans began to take the lead in technology over the Byzantines, Muslims, and Chinese.
E)One of the major contrasts between the Middle Ages and modern times is the medieval aversion to technology.

Question 38

At the core of the Conciliar Movement was the

A)attempt to turn the papacy into a constitutional system.
B)attempt to reconcile factions in the Church.
C)concept that local parishes should be run by councils that included laymen.
D)attempt to establish monarchial control over the Church.
E)hope of returning to the beliefs and practices of the Council of Nicaea.

Question 39

Feudal traditions that lasted into modern times include all the following except

A)the primacy of religion and the Church in society.
B)aristocratic notions of duty, honor, loyalty, and courtly love.
C)domination of the officer corps by the nobility.
D)special privileges for the French nobility until the French Revolution.
E)aristocratic control of English local government until the 19th century.

Question 40

John Wycliffe preached all of the following except

A)the sacraments were not necessary for salvation.
B)the wealth and worldliness of the clergy indicated they were anti-Christians.
C)Scripture, not the Church, should be the final religious authority.
D)the complete separation of church and state.
E)the bread and wine in communion were not substance of Jesus' body and blood.

Question 41

According to the author, the modern outlook

A)emerged abruptly at the end of the Middle Ages.
B)maintains the Christian tradition of the innate evil of human nature.
C)holds that mathematics makes the world comprehensible.
D)values tradition over reason.
E)All of these

Question 42

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?

-Hundred Year's War

Question 43

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Great Schism

Question 44

Jean de Venette states all of the following about the flagellants except

A)they gathered in large numbers marching through towns, periodically whipping themselves as penance.
B)the flagellants included many respected women.
C)the Church praised their unusual piety and encourage others to join the movement.
D)on advice from the University of Paris, the French king condemned the flagellants and banned them from France.
E)many flagellants believed that the blood they shared mingled with the blood of Christ.

Question 45

The Chronicle of Jean de Venette lists all the following as the possible causes of the Black Death except

A)the will of God.
B)corrupt humors.
C)evil inherent in air and water.
D)famine.
E)the poisoning of wells.

Question 46

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
hierarchy

Question 47

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
scholastic synthesis

Question 48

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Jacquerie

Question 49

According to the author, the modern worldview differs from the medieval because

A)the modern universe no longer seems to have a built-in purpose.
B)the modern universe is much older and infinite.
C)in the modern view God is no longer an active agent in human history.
D)in the modern view, the earth is not the center of the universe.
E)All of these

Question 50

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Conciliar Movement

Question 51

Modern law differs from medieval law primarily because

A)medieval law was solely an oral tradition.
B)modern has an impersonal, objective quality; medieval law tended to be personal.
C)medieval law was strongly influence by Roman law; modern law is not.
D)medieval law was made by those in authority; modern law is made directly by the people.
E)modern law is seen as eternal and unchanging; medieval law changed frequently.

Question 52

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
flagellants

Question 53

According to the author, the most important sign of breakdown in the Late Middle Ages was

A)the Black Death.
B)the Hundred Years' War.
C)the decline of the Papacy.
D)widespread peasant revolts.
E)the declining power of the nobility.

Question 54

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Avignon

Question 55

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Unam Sanctum

Question 56

As a whole, modern society rejects all the following medieval beliefs except

A)law should be applied differently according to a person's social class.
B)public issues should be settled by appeals to religious beliefs.
C)technology can be used to exploit the earth.
D)the universe is divided into a lower and an upper sphere each with their own laws.
E)natural disasters are God's punishment for people's sins.

Question 57

What was Joan of Arc's final fate?

A)She married the king of France and lived happily ever after.
B)Joan of Arc died in battle shortly before the final French victory over the English.
C)Charles VII did nothing to save her when she was captured by the Burgundians, tried for heresy by the English, and burnt at the stake.
D)After the French defeated the English, Joan of Arc returned home and lived a humble life that helped to make her a saint.
E)Joan of Arc went over to the English, emigrated, and died in England.

Question 58

Had the Treaty of Troyes (1420) been fully implemented

A)Hus' followers would have been granted full independence.
B)Chrétien de Troyes would have been crowned king of France.
C)a dual monarchy of England and France would have been created.
D)the English would have been forced to abandon Calais, their last possession on the continent.
E)the Great Schism would have not occurred.

Question 59

All of the following are true statements about Joan of Arc except

A)as the name indicates, her family was noble.
B)at age thirteen, she believed she was hearing voices of angels and saints.
C)at age sixteen, she believed that she had been sent on a sacred from God to raise the siege at Orléans.
D)in battle, she wore a full set of armor and carried a lance.
E)at a decisive moment in the battle for Orléans, she led a successful assault on the English fortress.

Question 60

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
bubonic plague

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
secularism

Question 62

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
rule of law

Question 63

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Describe the causes of the Great Schism and discuss how it offers evidence of a deep malaise within the Roman church.

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
modernity

Question 65

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
While the author values the continuities between the Middle Ages and modern times, he likewise stresses the importance of the discontinuities.Explain these discontinuities.

Question 66

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Discuss the status of the papacy in the fourteenth century.Was it a period during which the papacy had to choose between spiritual and secular leadership?

Question 67

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
European societies in the High Middle Ages were dominated by the belief that God had ordained existing hierarchies (i.e.noble over peasant, man over woman, king over nobles, etc.) Find, in this chapter, examples of persons questioning this belief.

Question 68

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Summarize the many adversities Europe faced in the Late Middle Ages.

Question 69

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Explain the continuities between the Middle Ages and modern times.

Question 70

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Describe some of the social and political effects of famine, disease, and inflation that occurred in the fourteenth century.

Question 71

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and clearly label the following: Rome and Avignon.

Question 72

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Describe the intellectual arguments that supported an antipapal movement as well as those arguments that upheld papal power.

Question 73

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

-Locate the site of the following battles of the Hundred Years' War: Orléans, Poitiers, Crécy, and Agincourt.

Question 74

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Some people supported the existence of a hierarchy within the medieval church because they believed there was a hierarchy in nature.How was this concept, a hierarchy of power, threatened during the period of the Great Schism?

Question 75

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Comment on two heresies of the fourteenth century and early fifteenth century.Explain the threat they posed to the traditions of the Christian Church.

Question 76

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
The author gives an overview of what he means by modernity.How can it be related to both the Middles Ages and Antiquity?

Question 77

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
What was the Thomistic synthesis and how did it begin to break down in late medieval Europe?