Deck 7: The Roman Empire: a World-State

Question 1

Under the "Five Good Emperors," all of the following occurred except

A)after a second revolt against Rome, the Jews were expelled from Palestine.
B)the persecution of Christians was vigorously pursued.
C)the principle that a person is innocent until proven guilty was established.
D)the Roman Empire expanded into parts of present-day Hungary and Romania.
E)limits were set on the torture of slaves.

Answer 1

the persecution of Christians was vigorously pursued.

Question 2

The significance of Octavian's willingness to give up his powers in 27 B.C.rests in

A)the magnitude of his military failure.
B)his belief that it created legitimacy and removed his reign from the taint of despotism.
C)his hope that the Senate would proclaim him a god.
D)the fact that the Senate accepted the offer.
E)the fact that it never happened; his admirers later created this myth.

Answer 2

his belief that it created legitimacy and removed his reign from the taint of despotism.

Question 3

During the Pax Romana, slaves

A)declined in number.
B)were increasingly protected from cruel treatment by their masters.
C)were often skilled artisans.
D)were often freed by their masters in exchange for a percentage of their future earnings.
E)All of these

Answer 3

All of these

Question 4

Who was the Roman Emperor whose Meditations were an eloquent expression of Stoicism?

A)Marcus Aurelius
B)Antoninus Pius
C)Hadrian
D)Trajan
E)Nerva

Question 5

During the Pax Romana, the cities of the Roman Empire

A)numbered about two thousand.
B)enjoyed considerable autonomy in local matters.
C)helped to bring Greco-Roman civilization to areas, like Britain, previously untouched by Hellenism.
D)generally enjoyed internal peace.
E)All of these

Question 6

All of the following contributed to the revolt in Judea except

A)a Roman ban on the practice of Judaism.
B)the rejection by militants of Roman rule as a threat to the purity of Jewish life.
C)a feeling of religious obligation to reestablish a Jewish kingdom.
D)attempts of some Roman governors to introduce images of the emperor into Jerusalem.
E)Caligula's demand for a golden statue of himself in the temple.

Question 7

In the years 27 B.C.to A.D.180, the Roman Empire

A)provided unparalleled peace and prosperity for the Mediterranean world.
B)enjoyed cohesion from its civil service, citizenship, and laws.
C)was grounded in Hellenic culture.
D)in many ways, fulfilled the Stoic ideal of a cosmopolis ruled by law.
E)All of these

Question 8

The character of Roman government changed under August in all the following ways except

A)emperor worship was introduced; by the third century, even the western provinces believed in a living god-king.
B)a more professional bureaucracy developed.
C)democracy was slowly reintroduced into the central government.
D)provincials were empowered to bring charges against Roman officials.
E)Roman administration lost the predatory quality it often had under the late Republic.

Question 9

All of the following are true of Roman attitudes towards marriage in the first two centuries A.D.except

A)a women could obtain a divorce as easily as her husband.
B)after a divorce, the woman usually maintained custody of the children.
C)there is evidence of genuine affection between husband and wife.
D)promiscuity, adultery, divorce, and remarriage were quite common.
E)marriage was considered a sacred civic duty.

Question 10

The bloody civil war, execution of two emperors, and the suicide of a third, in the mid first century A.D.

A)was the result of a general long-term decay of military discipline.
B)permanently undermined the stability of the Empire.
C)coincided with a major revolt in Judea.
D)stripped away the facade of Augustan stability and revealed the bankruptcy of the imperial system.
E)was immediately followed by the "Five Good Emperors."

Question 11

One may say of Roman slavery that

A)urban slaves with skills might hope for manumission.
B)freed slaves were barred from citizenship.
C)the number of slaves started to increase during the time of Augustus and thereafter.
D)although slaves might be freed, they and their children continued to suffer the loss of civic rights.
E)all mistreatment of slaves ended during the Pax Romana.

Question 12

The Princeps Vespasian strengthened discipline in the Roman Army by

A)establishing the death penalty for disobeying a higher-ranking officer.
B)stationing troops away from their homelands and rotating officers from one post to another.
C)ending the recruitment of soldiers outside the city of Rome.
D)increasing soldiers' rations.
E)eliminating inhumane treatment of the rank and file troops.

Question 13

Nerva initiated a period of competent government by

A)establishing the Flavian dynasty.
B)initiating an adoptive system of imperial succession.
C)creating open competition for government jobs.
D)requiring that all Senators begin their career by serving in the provinces.
E)introducing a system of exams for government officials.

Question 14

The term Pax Romana applies best to

A)the reign of Augustus, ending in A.D 14.
B)what Romans called a "Time of Happiness."
C)the stipulation that the father controlled the Roman household.
D)the comparatively uncomplicated politics of the Roman Republic.
E)the plague brought back to Rome by Marcus Aurelius' army.

Question 15

The author states that the Pax Romana came to an end with the reign of

A)Augustus.
B)Hadrian.
C)Diocletian.
D)Commodus.
E)Constantine.

Question 16

Augustus' policies included all of the following except

A)grants of land and bonuses to retiring veterans.
B)construction of aqueducts for the city of Rome.
C)a grant of citizenship to all free men of the empire.
D)financing the gladiatorial contests from his own purse.
E)ending the forced requisition of supplies and the extortion of money.

Question 17

The reign of Augustus

A)terminated senatorial rule and aristocratic politics.
B)marked the emergence of one-man rule.
C)prompted Tacitus to write: "[t]he country had been transformed, and there is nothing left of the fine old Roman character."
D)brought unprecedented peace and prosperity.
E)All of these

Question 18

When Octavian had defeated all his enemies and Rome was at peace, he realized that

A)only a genuine restoration of the Republic would prevent the renewal of bloodshed.
B)autocratic powers could not be held openly since republican ideals were still strong.
C)leading Rome is a dangerous task, therefore, he retired to the countryside and enjoyed his accumulated wealth.
D)only an autocracy in the Hellenistic mould would work, therefore, he assumed the title of Emperor.
E)the Rome had lost its old virtues and needed to be purged of all that was Greek.

Question 19

Octavian's preferred title, princeps, means

A)principal.
B)king.
C)first citizen.
D)"little boots."
E)prince.

Question 20

All of the following indexed the rising status of women in Rome except

A)the banning of prostitution.
B)fathers could no longer require their daughters marry against their will.
C)women could draw up wills and conduct business without the consent of their husbands.
D)Roman women were not secluded in their homes as upper-class Greek women had been.
E)women could own property and, if divorced, keep their dowries.

Question 21

The Aeneid

A)was written in the tradition of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
B)praises Roman virtues such as patriotism, devotion to family, duty to the state, and religiosity.
C)admits that the Greeks were better thinkers, sculptors, and orators.
D)claimed that only Rome had a divine mission to bring peace and order to the world.
E)All of these

Question 22

Who encouraged Romans to think of slaves as "subject to the same condition of life and death as yourself"?

A)Jesus Christ
B)Socrates
C)Mithras
D)Seneca
E)St.Paul

Question 23

The medical work of the Galen

A)remained influential in the West until early modern times.
B)included dissections of both live and dead animals.
C)was preserved after the fall of the Roman Empire by Arab scholars.
D)applied rational investigation to anatomy.
E)All of these

Question 24

Describing the Roman Empire, the Greek orator, Aelius Aristides stated all the following except

A)"You alone of the imperial powers of history rule over men who are free."
B)"You have created a desert and call it peace."
C)"The cities you filled with colonists; you introduced arts and established an orderly culture."
D)"You alone are, so to speak, natural rulers"
E)"Your soldiers and officers you train to prevail not only over the enemy but over themselves."

Question 25

Cicero's statement, "True law is right reason in agreement with nature; it is of universal application, unchanging and ever lasting...." most directly reflected which philosophy?

A)Platonism
B)Epicureanism
C)Stoicism
D)Christian humanism
E)Neo-Platonism

Question 26

Livia is one of the most famous Roman women because she

A)aided Livy in the writing of the History of Rome.
B)was mother to the Gracchi brothers.
C)was Augustus' dynamic and outspoken wife.
D)ruled briefly during the Third Century Crisis.
E)impelled her son Constantine to convert to Christianity.

Question 27

The golden age of Latin literature occurred during the reign of

A)Augustus.
B)Vespesian.
C)the philosopher-emperor, Marcus Aurelius.
D)the first "Christian" emperor, Constantine.
E)None of these

Question 28

Which of the following statements about the great writers of the Pax Romana is false?

A)Horace urged the pursuit of pleasurable enjoyment tempered by reasoned control.
B)Ovid wrote about the art of seduction recommending, among other things, that men cry to win a woman's heart.
C)Juvenal complained about the noise, congestion, and poverty of the city of Rome.
D)Tacitus wrote about the lack of discipline among the Germans.
E)Juvenal complained that Roman women ignored, intimidated, dominated, poisoned, and cheated on their husbands.

Question 29

Which of the following was not a challenge faced by the Roman Empire?

A)Whether the economic foundation was strong and elastic enough to endure new challenges.
B)Whether Romans could adapt to the accelerating dynamism of Hellenism.
C)Whether the Roman Empire could maintain the loyalty of its diverse population.
D)Whether the Empire was strong enough to withstand renewed pressure from the Germans and the Persians.
E)Whether the state could maintain a balance between order and change.

Question 30

Which of the following statements best describes Roman popular tastes in entertainment?

A)Under the impact of Stoicism, entertainment became progressively more humane and refined.
B)The most popular forms of entertainment were gladiator fights, gymnastics, and organized team sports.
C)Over the centuries bloody spectacles became increasingly brutal and bizarre.
D)Plays, both dramas and comedies, came to dominate Roman entertainment.
E)Reflecting the diversity of the Empire, no one form of entertainment dominated.

Question 31

Who was the last of the great Stoics?

A)Zeno
B)Epictetus
C)Marcus Aurelius
D)Plotinus
E)Seneca

Question 32

At its height, the Roman Empire completed the Hellenistic trend towards cosmopolitanism and universalism by

A)constructing a world community that broke down nations.
B)developing a rational system of law that applied to all people.
C)its expansive conception of citizenship.
D)extending stability and order from Britain to Arabia and from the Sahara to the Danube.
E)All of these

Question 33

Like other followers of their philosophy, Roman Stoics believed that

A)moral values are obtained from reason alone.
B)all people possess reason and therefore have the potential to act morally.
C)since all people possess reason, all people belong to a common humanity.
D)a person should be self-sufficient and content by seeking wisdom and virtue.
E)All of these

Question 34

Which of the following statements contradicts Roman law?

A)"No one is compelled to defend a cause against his will."
B)"In inflicting punishment, the age...of the guilty party must be taken into account."
C)"No one suffers a penalty for what he thinks."
D)"Justice is a constant, unfailing disposition to give everyone his legal due."
E)"The iniquities of the father shall pass on to his children to the third generation."

Question 35

Virgil's epic the Aeneid was written because

A)Virgil wanted to protest against the tyrannous rule of Augustus.
B)the Senate commissioned it when it gave Octavian the title Augustus.
C)Augustus commissioned it to glorify his role in founding the Empire.
D)he sought to compete with the popularity of Livy's History of Rome.
E)Aeneas was a popular hero who sacrificed his life in a rear guard action on a bridge over the Tiber River.

Question 36

Rome's economic weaknesses included

A)cumbersome transportation and slow communications.
B)reliance on slave labor and the lack of technological advancement.
C)limited employment opportunities.
D)artificially low agricultural prices and exploitation of the peasantry.
E)All of these

Question 37

Over the centuries, jus civile developed from its basis, the Twelve Tables, by including all the following except

A)statutes enacted by the assemblies.
B)legal decisions of magistrates and the Emperor.
C)the basic dogmas of Roman religion.
D)commentaries of professional jurists.
E)systematic legal analysis based on Greek logic.

Question 38

The former slave and important philosopher Epictetus believed that happiness arises from inner contentment.Which of the following would he say contributes to inner contentment?

A)Control over one's mind
B)Reduction of desires
C)Independence from externals such as wealth, fame, and affection
D)A deliberate striving for inner dignity
E)All of these

Question 39

In the realm of the arts, architecture, and engineering, the Romans can be credited with all the following except

A)Roman sculpture conveyed intense realism -flattering and unflattering.
B)Romans independently developed a unusually realistic style of sculpture.
C)Romans adopted and transformed Greek architecture.
D)the Romans used arches, vaults, and domes to place a new emphasis on the interiors of buildings.
E)Romans excelled in civil engineering.

Question 40

The most advanced Roman astronomy held that the earth

A)was flat and the heavens were a canopy of divine beings.
B)was round and all heavenly bodies traveled around it in circles or sets of circles.
C)floated in an eternal sea like a log upon the ocean.
D)travelled around the sun in an elliptical orbit along with the other planets.
E)was only one of many worlds in an infinite universe.

Question 41

The author states that Rome's greatest legacy to the West was

A)Roman jus civile and jus gentium.
B)architecture and engineering.
C)preserving and transforming Greek art and architecture.
D)its military prowess.
E)philosophy and science.

Question 42

Economic weakness of the Roman Empire included all of the following except

A)poor internal communications and transport.
B)the absence of a money economy.
C)nobles' failure to invest their wealth in commercial enterprises.
D)the lack of technological innovation, probably due, in part, to the availability of slaves.
E)the lack of productivity in the cities and the economic burdens cities placed on the countryside.

Question 43

In the year A.D.410, Rome was invaded and sacked by the

A)Avars.
B)Alemanni.
C)Ostrogoths.
D)Visigoths.
E)Vandals.

Question 44

The greatest Roman defeat since Cannae, the battle of Adrianople, was precipitated most directly by

A)the pressure of the Huns on the Visigoths.
B)mistreatment of the Visigoths by Roman officials.
C)the superiority of the Visigoth infantry over the Roman cavalry.
D)the attack of Attila the Hun.
E)a calculated abandonment of the defensive line along the Danube.

Question 45

In the first half of the fifth century

A)trade drastically declined in the western part of the Roman Empire.
B)the western border collapsed and Germanic tribes entered the empire in large numbers.
C)cities were abandoned in Britain, Gaul, Spain, and Germany.
D)the Roman road network deteriorated.
E)All of these

Question 46

Plotinus would disagree with which of the following statements?

A)The "One" transcends all knowing and is the source of all being.
B)The chief goal of life was rational comprehension of the natural world and the fulfillment of human potential.
C)The true home of the soul is not in this world.
D)This world is a sea of troubles and tears.
E)Neither logic, evidence, or service to humanity could save the soul.

Question 47

According to the author, as Rome declined

A)religious fervor increased.
B)philosophy "committed suicide" by abandoning the centrality of reason.
C)the Stoic virtue of dutiful service to humankind declined in favor of a personal quest for individual salvation.
D)Neo-Platonism replaced Stoicism as the predominant philosophy of the elite.
E)All of these

Question 48

The Roman Empire was said to have ended when

A)Diocletian died.
B)Odoacer was assassinated.
C)Romulus was placed on the throne.
D)German officers placed a German on the throne in Rome.
E)Emperor Valens died in battle.

Question 49

Who is best described by the following characteristics: December 25th birthday, judge of the dead, granter of salvation, and emphasized masculine virtues of bravery and camaraderie?

A)Jesus Christ
B)Zeus
C)Mithra
D)Ares
E)Hercules

Question 50

The granting of citizenship to nearly all free men in the Empire in 212 B.C.undermined the Roman military because

A)provincials no longer had to join the army to attain citizenship.
B)citizen-soldiers could not be disciplined as harshly as conscripts.
C)the resulting drop in tax revenues devastated the army.
D)soldiers who became citizens demanded higher pay.
E)it empowered the local elites to assert their local interests.

Question 51

The mystery religions that flooded Rome from the Near East included each of the following elements except

A)initiation rites and, often, secrecy oaths.
B)attempts to unite with a deity.
C)communion by, among other means, eating a sacred meal.
D)a reliance on reason to overcome life's difficulties.
E)the promise of immortality.

Question 52

The Roman Empire was saved from the Third Century Crisis most directly by the

A)efforts of two emperors: Diocletian and Constantine.
B)sudden, unexplained cessation of Germanic and Persian invasions.
C)rise of Christianity.
D)lightening of government demands on society.
E)None of these

Question 53

As the Roman Empire moved towards its final fall, which of the following social trends became evident?

A)Aristocrats left the cities and secluded themselves in their country estates.
B)Increasing numbers of peasants looked to the Germans as liberators from the rapacious state.
C)Townspeople avoided public service.
D)There was a general loss on confidence and an increased focus on the spiritual.
E)All of these

Question 54

Diocletian's reforms included all of the following except

A)converting the Roman position of Emperor into an oriental despot.
B)tying peasants, unskilled workers, and artisans to their jobs.
C)revitalizing city self-government.
D)establishing colonies of Germans on vacant Roman land.
E)turning the local city elites into a class of hereditary tax collectors.

Question 55

The Third Century Crisis included all the following except

A)economic dislocation.
B)a marked decline in the quality of the Roman soldier.
C)the final collapse of the Empire.
D)the weakening of the rational foundation of Greco-Roman civilization.
E)poor leadership.

Question 56

The growth of latifundia resulted in all the following except

A)the further decline of cities.
B)the great estates became new centers of political powers weakening the central government that help to keep the empire together.
C)latifundia became a refuge for overtaxed peasants and urban artisans.
D)independent peasants became virtual serfs.
E)a revitalization of a stagnating or declining economy.

Question 57

The authors of your text refer to which of the following as "the most dangerous sign for the future" of Rome during the Pax Romana?

A)The development of the jus gentium
B)Spiritual paralysis
C)Germanic invasions
D)Administrative division of the Empire
E)Poverty

Question 58

During the 200s A.D.the Roman cities declined because

A)in many instances, they were raided by foreign invaders.
B)of the danger of famine and plague.
C)increased demands by the Roman government.
D)plundering by Roman soldiers.
E)All of these

Question 59

How did the Roman elite handle the problem of poverty?

A)Having learned from the Gracchi incidents, Rome periodically redistributed land to the landless.
B)The Roman elite totally ignored the poor.
C)Roman authorities encouraged the excess rural population to move to the cities in order to be retrained.
D)The Roman elite bought off the urban poor by providing free bread and entertainment.
E)Poverty was not a problem because the poor were regularly absorbed into the expanding armed forces.

Question 60

In the Roman Empire, "feelings of loneliness, anxiety, impotence, alienation and boredom" led to

A)a retreat of rationalism in society as a whole and the dwindling of creative genius.
B)philosophers seeking escape from this world through union with a divine presence.
C)the growing popularity of mystery religions.
D)growing interest in the occult, alchemy, astrology, and magic.
E)All of these

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
jus naturale

Question 62

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Clearly show and label the main administrative divisions of the Empire under Diocletian's tetrarchy.

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pax Romana

Question 64

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Fill in the area controlled by the Roman Empire under Augustus.

Question 65

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
aqueduct

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
curiales

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
jus civile

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
princeps

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
canon law

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pantheon

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Parthians

Question 72

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Indicate where the following events occurred: the siege at Masada; the volcanic eruption that covered Pompeii and Herculaneum; the Battle of Adrianople; and Alaric's plunder of Rome.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Neo-Platonism

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Stoicism

Question 75

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label three areas that experienced anti-Roman revolts during the Pax Romana.

Question 76

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Using arrows, trace the invasion route of three of the following: the Huns; the Vandals; the Ostrogoths; the Visigoths; the Franks; the Lombards; the Angles, and Saxons.

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
principate

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
manumission

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
tetrarchy

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mithraism