Deck 5: Culture and Socialisation

Question 1

___________most children begin to be bothered when things do not match with learned expectations.

A)At birth
B)At about two years old
C)At about six years old
D)At about sixteen years old

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to George Herbert Mead, the _______________ takes chances and violates expectations.

A)'me'
B)'I'
C)'we'
D)'self'

Answer 2

B

Question 3

______________ refers to the environment or the interaction experiences that make up every individual's life.

A)Nature
B)Nurture
C)Engram
D)Internalisation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

From the sociological point of view, Mead viewed play and games as important to children's social development because they

A)give them practice in agility.
B)increase motor skills.
C)help develop mental toughness.
D)allow children to learn and practise taking the role of the other.

Question 5

A student expressed her shock over a test mark by exclaiming to the class and professor, 'A 50! I skipped two classes to study for this stupid test!' George Herbert Mead would argue that this remark is a product of the student's

A)'I'.
B)'me'.
C)reflexive thinking.
D)looking-glass self.

Question 6

Thandeka's parents introduced her to soccer as soon as she was able to walk.This strategy corresponds to

A)nurture.
B)nature.
C)social contact.
D)internalisation.

Question 7

In this stage, children have not yet developed the mental capabilities that allow them to role-take.This stage is the

A)play stage.
B)preparatory stage.
C)game stage.
D)presocialisation stage.

Question 8

During a sociology class, Bandile gets a text message from his friend.He knows the teacher expects students to refrain from texting in class so he ignores the text until the end of class.George Herbert Mead would argue that this behaviour is a product of the student's

A)'I'.
B)'me'.
C)reflexive thinking.
D)looking-glass self.

Question 9

The part of the human brain that allows us to organise, remember, communicate, understand, and create is

A)the cerebral cortex.
B)the central processing unit.
C)the brain stem.
D)grey matter.

Question 10

According to George Herbert Mead, the 'me' is the part of the self that

A)is spontaneous and creative.
B)acts in unconventional ways.
C)develops through imitation, play, and games.
D)is capable of rejecting expectations.

Question 11

Babies are able to babble the sounds needed to speak all languages

A)at birth.
B)in the first months of life.
C)at age one.
D)at age two.

Question 12

According to George Herbert Mead, the key to role-taking is

A)internalisation.
B)self -awareness.
C)collective memory.
D)engrams.

Question 13

Thandi sits at the computer, mimicking the behaviour of her mother with no real understanding of what she is doing.Thandi's family encourages this by telling her how cute she is.Thandi is in the

A)preparatory stage.
B)play stage.
C)game stage.
D)looking-glass self-stage.

Question 14

George Herbert Mead maintained that children acquire a sense of self when they 'become objects to themselves'.This means that

A)children are able to mimic and imitate others in their environment.
B)the spontaneous, creative self must exist.
C)children must be able to imagine the effect of their words and actions on other people.
D)the children have developed a strong tie with a caring adult.

Question 15

Language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and posture are all examples of

A)socialisation.
B)significant symbols.
C)reflexive thinking.
D)role taking.

Question 16

The process by which people take as their own and accept as binding the norms, values, beliefs, and language needed to participate in the larger community is termed

A)adaptation.
B)internalisation.
C)assimilation.
D)acculturation

Question 17

A small boy tells his mother he wants a Barbie doll for Christmas.His mother tells him that dolls are for girls.This exchange constitutes

A)assimilation.
B)nature.
C)autonomy.
D)socialisation.

Question 18

Nature refers to __________, and nurture refers to _________.

A)learned traits; inborn traits.
B)genetic factors; social experiences.
C)interaction factors; biological factors.
D)social capacities; biological potential.

Question 19

Socialisation takes hold through a process known as

A)internalisation.
B)nature.
C)nurture.
D)social contact.

Question 20

__________ is the term for human genetic makeup or biological inheritance.

A)Nature
B)Nurture
C)Internalisation
D)Socialisation

Question 21

_________ is the process of discarding values and behaviours unsuited to new circumstances and replacing them with new, more appropriate values and norms.

A)Reflexive thinking
B)Role-taking
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Resocialisation

Question 22

During the game stage, children learn

A)to make up rules as they go.
B)to mimic and imitate people in their environment.
C)to pretend to be people significant in their lives.
D)to see how their position fits relative to all other positions.

Question 23

Sociologists face a number of challenges in studying culture.Those challenges include all but which one of the following?

A)Describing culture
B)Determining who belongs to a culture
C)Identifying the distinguishing characteristics that set one culture apart from another
D)Identifying overlap among cultures

Question 24

During the game stage, children take on the role of the

A)significant other.
B)generalised other.
C)significant symbols.
D)rule maker.

Question 25

It is easier to resocialise a person if learning a new behaviour

A)is connected to making another party happy.
B)requires a person to be subservient to another.
C)leads to a sense of self-worth and competence.
D)does not take much personal effort.

Question 26

Plants, trees, and other natural resources people use for a purpose are examples of

A)non-material culture.
B)material culture.
C)institutional completeness.
D)a folkway.

Question 27

Homes for blind, indigent and elderly people are examples of

A)ethnocentrism.
B)collective settings.
C)primary groups.
D)total institutions

Question 28

Our everyday use of the word 'culture' suggests that we use the word in ways that emphasise

A)Tolerance.
B)Understanding.
C)Differences.
D)Overlap.

Question 29

A __________is a group of interacting people who share, perpetuate, and create culture.

A)culture
B)society
C)counter culture
D)subculture

Question 30

Upon entering a total institution, inmates experience a

A)sense of euphoria.
B)deep, initial break with past roles.
C)new beginning.
D)sense of deep relief

Question 31

Which one of the following statements is false in regard to Charles Horton Cooley's conception of the looking-glass self?

A)We see ourselves reflected in others' reactions to our appearance and behaviours.
B)We acquire a sense of self by being sensitive to the appraisals of us that we perceive others to have.
C)The imagining or interpreting of others' reactions is critical to self-awareness.
D)People respond to others' actual reactions to them.

Question 32

Mental hospitals, concentration camps, and boarding schools are

A)voluntary organisations.
B)out-groups.
C)primary groups.
D)total institutions

Question 33

In this stage, children practise fitting their behaviour into an already established behaviour system that governs a game, such as soccer.This stage is the

A)play stage.
B)preparatory stage.
C)game stage.
D)post-socialisation stage

Question 34

Which one of the following examples is a case of involuntary or imposed resocialisation?

A)A person seeks treatment to correct a problem.
B)A university graduate starts a post-graduate degree.
C)A person is forced to undergo a programme to rehabilitate him or her.
D)A person enlists in the army to acquire a technical skill.

Question 35

Julie interacts with her doll as though she were its mother.Mead would argue that Julie has taken on the role of the

A)significant other.
B)generalised other.
C)looking-glass self.
D)caregiver.

Question 36

'It is acceptable for young children of both sexes to bathe with their mothers and other women in public.' This statement is an example of a

A)belief.
B)value.
C)norm.
D)folkway.

Question 37

Michael is unable to find work, so he decides to join the army.This is an example of ________________ resocialisation.

A)voluntary
B)mandatory
C)imposed
D)total

Question 38

People who choose to participate in a process or programme designed to remake them undergo __________ resocialisation.

A)systematic, voluntary
B)involuntary
C)informal, systematic
D)voluntary, informal

Question 39

The preparatory, play, and game stages allow children to practise

A)internalisation.
B)collective memory.
C)imitation.
D)role-taking.

Question 40

Which one of the following represents the best example of material culture?

A)Physical objects people have invented, such as a diamond ring
B)Conceptions of what is right and good, such as 'true friendship'
C)Rules for behaviour, such as 'stop for pedestrians in crosswalk'
D)The desire for material possessions

Question 41

The most extreme and most destructive form of ethnocentrism is

A)reverse ethnocentrism.
B)defining foreign ways as peculiar.
C)cultural genocide.
D)self-determination.

Question 42

Language is a predictable social arrangement among people that has emerged over time to facilitate human interaction and communication.In this sense, language is a

A)social institution.
B)value.
C)norm.
D)belief system.

Question 43

Mores are defined as

A)norms that apply to routine matters.
B)rules that govern the use of resources in a society.
C)norms that people define as essential to a group's well-being.
D)norms that are enforced through informal sanctions.

Question 44

When sociologists think about ____________, they consider the uses to which an object is put and the meaning assigned by the people who use it.

A)beliefs
B)material culture
C)non-material culture
D)folkways

Question 45

A folkway is

A)a fable parents read to their children.
B)a norm that applies to routine and everyday matters.
C)a norm that applies to serious matters.
D)a myth about how a culture came to be.

Question 46

__________ are ideas that people accept as true about how the world operates and about the place of the individual in it.

A)Values
B)Norms
C)Beliefs
D)Symbols

Question 47

__________ are socially shared ideas about what is good, right, and desirable.

A)Values
B)Norms
C)Beliefs
D)Expressive symbols

Question 48

Signs that read 'No smoking', 'Hoot to open', and 'Emergency exit only' specify

A)values.
B)norms.
C)beliefs.
D)mores.

Question 49

'Continuous conversation, rather than silence, validates a relationship.' This statement is an example of a

A)belief.
B)value.
C)norm.
D)folkway.

Question 50

Consumption- and conservation-oriented behaviours seem to be related to

A)genetic qualities.
B)culture.
C)resource shortage and abundance.
D)population size.

Question 51

_______________ is the strain that people from one culture experience when they must orient themselves to the ways of a new culture.

A)Culture shock
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Diffusion
D)Reverse ethnocentrism

Question 52

___________ give us discipline and support of routine and habit.

A)Folkways
B)Mores
C)Beliefs
D)Feeling rules

Question 53

The tendency to hold your own culture as a standard against which other cultures are judged is

A)cultural relativity.
B)cultural awareness.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)multicultural relativism.

Question 54

The intensity of culture shock depends on all but one of the following.

A)The extent to which home and foreign cultures are different.
B)The level of preparation or knowledge about the new culture.
C)The circumstances surrounding the encounter with the new culture.
D)The mode of transportation one employs to enter a foreign country.

Question 55

Which one of the following is an example of material culture?

A)The practice of bathing in public.
B)The belief that it is acceptable for young children of both sexes to bathe with their mothers and other women in a public bathhouse.
C)The importance of bathing in private.
D)Towels, soap, taps and showers used to cleanse the body.

Question 56

Re-entry shock is ___________ in reverse; it is experienced upon returning home after living in another culture.

A)material culture
B)culture shock
C)ethnocentrism
D)cultural relativity

Question 57

Beliefs, values, and norms are part of

A)non-material culture.
B)material culture.
C)cultural diffusion.
D)re-entry shock.

Question 58

'It is more sanitary to eat with a spoon rather than your hands.' This statement is an example of

A)a belief.
B)a value.
C)a norm.
D)common sense.

Question 59

Material culture includes

A)norms.
B)values.
C)beliefs.
D)inventions.

Question 60

_____________ are physical and conceptual phenomena to which people assign a name and a meaning or value.

A)Beliefs
B)Values
C)Norms
D)Symbols

Question 61

According to sociologist Everett Hughes, 'One can think so exclusively in terms of his or her own social world that he or she has no set of concepts for comparing one social world to the next'.Hughes is describing

A)cultural genocide.
B)a kind of ethnocentrism.
C)institutional completeness.
D)a state of cultural relativity.

Question 62

From a(n) _____________ viewpoint, one's group is the centre and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.

A)cultural relative
B)re-entry shock
C)sociological
D)ethnocentric

Question 63

The Old Order Amish constitute a ________________ counterculture in that they remain largely separate, organising life so they do not have to be a part of the larger society.

A)left-wing
B)communitarian
C)mystic
D)radical activist

Question 64

The view that any aspect of culture must be assessed in the context of the society in which it is found is called

A)ethnocentrism.
B)cultural relativity.
C)cultural genocide.
D)cultural borrowing.

Question 65

Buddhists monks constitute a counterculture known as _____________ because they are in search of enlightenment through simple living, modest dreams and vegetarian diet.

A)communitarian utopians
B)mystics
C)radical activists
D)right-wings

Question 66

Which one of the following core concepts is correctly stated?

A)Culture is an innate characteristic.
B)People from the same culture are essentially replicas of one another.
C)In every society, some groups possess distinctive traits that set them apart from the main culture.
D)For the most part, people reject material and non-material culture from other cultures.

Question 67

In the first weeks of life, babies are able to babble the sounds needed to speak any language.

Question 68

Socialisation is a life-long process.

Question 69

Nature, as opposed to nurture, is the more important factor in socialisation.

Question 70

Which one of the following statements is not a type of ethnocentrism?

A)A foreign culture is perceived as the standard for judging the worth of a home culture.
B)Outsiders deem a culture so offensive that they believe it must be destroyed.
C)People believe so deeply in their culture's ways that they have no framework for thinking about other cultures.
D)A cultural practice is considered in light of its own cultural context.

Question 71

______________ are a counterculture that preaches, creates or demands a new order.

A)Communitarian utopians
B)Mystics
C)Radical activists
D)Right-wings

Question 72

__________ are groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values, norms, beliefs, symbols, language, and material culture.

A)Countercultures
B)Subcultures
C)Institutions
D)Cultural replicas

Question 73

Organisers of the gay games can be considered _________________ in that they have created a new order in which anyone, regardless of ability or sexual orientation, can compete.

A)communitarian utopians
B)mystics
C)radical activists
D)right-wings

Question 74

Members of countercultures are least likely to believe which one of the following about the larger society in which they live?

A)They are part of a very bad bargain.
B)They are being exploited.
C)The system of which they are a part is broken.
D)They have no choice but to accept materialistic trappings of capitalist society.

Question 75

'They do not so much attack society as disregard it so they can float above it in search of enlightenment.' This statement best applies to

A)communitarian utopians.
B)mystics.
C)radical activists.
D)right-wings.

Question 76

Which one of the following groups represents an example of a counterculture?

A)A gardening club
B)A sports club
C)A retirement community
D)Buddhist monks

Question 77

Socialisation depends on meaningful interaction with others.

Question 78

An individual who adopts cultural relativism aims to __________ a cultural practice.

A)understand
B)condone
C)discredit
D)accept uncritically

Question 79

Human infants are born with the biological potential to learn any language.

Question 80

Which of the following characterises communitarian utopians?

A)Demand society change
B)Search for truth
C)Withdraw into a separate community
D)Disregard society and float above it