Deck 12: Demography and Migration

Question 1

To calculate the ________ for Angola, Jabu divides the number of deaths in 2020 among those one year old or younger by the total number of births in that same year.

A)crude birth rate
B)infant mortality rate
C)crude death rate
D)maternal mortality rate

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Typically, the infant mortality rate is calculated for the age group that is

A)less than one day old.
B)less than one week old.
C)one year old or younger.
D)three years old or younger.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Each year, 21.7 million Americans move from one residence to another within the same state.This type of migration is known as

A)immigration.
B)emigration.
C)internal migration.
D)international.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Movement within the boundaries of a single country is known as

A)emigration.
B)immigration.
C)internal migration.
D)intercontinental migration.

Question 5

The ____________ is the average number of children that women in a specific population bear over their lifetimes.

A)total fertility rate
B)crude birth rate
C)age-specific birth rate
D)infant mortality rate

Question 6

Steward is moving out of his hometown because there are no jobs.The reason he is moving is called a

A)push factor.
B)pull factor.
C)demographic factor.
D)self-motivating factor.

Question 7

In 2010, the difference between the number moving into the United States and the number moving out of the United States was 5.05 million.This figure represents the ______________ for the United States.

A)net migration
B)migration rate
C)population growth rate
D)immigration rate

Question 8

Which one of the following factors represents an example of a pull factor?

A)Discrimination
B)Unemployment
C)Favourable climate
D)Political persecution

Question 9

Over the course of a year, 19.9 per cent of teens in Niger give birth to a baby.This figure represents the

A)total fertility rate.
B)crude birth rate.
C)age-specific birth rate.
D)infant mortality rate.

Question 10

Sociologists who study births, deaths, and migration are known as

A)populationists.
B)epidemiologists.
C)projectionists.
D)demographers.

Question 11

Zinzi divides the net migration for South Africa by the total population of South Africa in 2020 and multiplies that number by 1 000.Zinzi has calculated the

A)population growth rate.
B)migration rate.
C)birth rate.
D)push factors

Question 12

Buhle divides the total number of births in 2020 in Japan by the total number of people living in Japan at that time and multiplies it by 1 000.Buhle has calculated Japan's

A)population density.
B)crude birth rate.
C)infant mortality rate.
D)total fertility rate.

Question 13

In sociological terms, the forced migration by slave traders of more than 11 million Africans to the Americas is an example of ______ migration.

A)massive
B)internal
C)international
D)external

Question 14

A subspecialty within sociology that focuses on the study of human population is

A)epidemiology.
B)ethnomethodology.
C)demography.
D)conflict theory.

Question 15

______________ refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of a termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or the way it is managed.

A)Maternal mortality
B)Pregnancy-induced death
C)Infant mortality
D)Terminal pregnancy

Question 16

Selma is departing from Croatia to live in South Africa.In demographic terms, she is __________ out of Croatia.

A)immigrating
B)emigrating
C)moving
D)travelling

Question 17

Which one of the following factors represents an example of a push factor?

A)Favourable climate
B)Employment opportunities
C)Equal opportunity
D)Natural disaster

Question 18

The movement of people from one residence to another is

A)demographic transition.
B)opulation density.
C)migration.
D)nomadic population.

Question 19

Use the following information to calculate the crude death rate for India: total population number of deaths - 8 895 000; total population 1 189 175 000.The crude death rate is

A)488.
B)105.
C)21.
D)7.4.

Question 20

Zimbabwe's migration rate is +24.8 per 1 000 residents.This means that

A)24.8 more people moved into the country than moved out for every 1 000 residents who lived there.
B)24.8 more people moved out of the country than moved in for every 1 000 residents who lived there.
C)24.8 per cent of the population moved within the country during that year.
D)24.8 per cent of the population moved out of the country during that year.

Question 21

Stage 1 of the demographic transition is often referred to as the stage of high potential growth because

A)the fertility rate is so high.
B)the mortality rate is so low.
C)if something happened to cause the death rate to decline, population would increase dramatically.
D)the potential crude death rate is 50 per 1 000.

Question 22

In 1850, the world's population reached 1 billion.It took less than ______ years to double to 2 billion.

A)5
B)25
C)60
D)100

Question 23

The United Arab Emirates has 219 males for every 100 females, meaning that the UAE's _____________ is skewed in favour of males relative to females.

A)population pyramid
B)sex ratio
C)demographic transition
D)sex cohort

Question 24

The United States age-sex distribution yields a nearly ______ pyramid because, except for the older categories, each cohort is roughly the same size.

A)expansive
B)constrictive
C)stationary
D)triangular

Question 25

The world's population has doubled _______ times in the last 2 000 years.

A)two
B)five
C)ten
D)fifteen

Question 26

According to the theory of the demographic transition, the characteristics of a country's birth and death rates are linked to

A)the percentage of the population under the age of five.
B)its level of industrial or economic development.
C)its migration rates.
D)its proximity to the equator.

Question 27

It took approximately ________ years for the world's population to double from 170 million in AD 1 to 340 million.

A)50
B)550
C)1 150
D)1 950

Question 28

In demographic terms, the Black Death is an example of

A)a mortality crisis.
B)a life expectancy crisis.
C)a tragedy.
D)a degenerative disease.

Question 29

A ______________ is a group of people who share common experiences and perspectives by virtue of the time they were born.

A)population pyramid
B)population base
C)cohort
D)lifestyle

Question 30

Constrictive pyramids indicate that

A)all age cohorts in a population are roughly the same size.
B)a population is composed disproportionately of middle-aged and older people.
C)a population is composed disproportionately of young people.
D)each age cohort is progressively smaller than the preceding cohort.

Question 31

Doubling time is the estimated number of years it will take to double

A)the size of the population.
B)the gross national product.
C)per capita income.
D)life expectancy.

Question 32

A population's age and sex composition is commonly depicted as a

A)three-dimensional graph.
B)cohort.
C)population pyramid.
D)demographic transition.

Question 33

There are two countries in the world with a population of at least one billion.Those two countries are

A)the United States and India.
B)Brazil and India.
C)the United States and China.
D)China and India.

Question 34

The demographic transition

A)is a two-stage model of population growth.
B)depicts the history of birth and death rates in labour-intensive poor countries.
C)depicts the history of disease in core economies.
D)depicts the history of population growth in western Europe and North America.

Question 35

The _________________ is a way of displaying population data that allows us to compare the sizes of age cohorts and the percentages of males and females in each cohort.

A)population pyramid
B)cohort group
C)population line chart
D)birth rate

Question 36

__________ are frequent and violent fluctuations in the death rate caused by war, famine, and epidemics.

A)Mortality crises
B)Life expectancy crises
C)Crude death rates
D)Tragedies

Question 37

With a population growth rate of 1.3 per cent, India's population of 1.2 billion will grow to 2.4 billion in 51 years.Demographers refer to the 51-year time frame as India's

A)population growth rate.
B)doubling time.
C)multiplying time.
D)growth time frame.

Question 38

The theory of the demographic transition suggests that the less economically and industrially developed countries will

A)cease to exist within 100 years due to high death rates.
B)follow the pattern of western Europe and North America.
C)merge with more advanced countries.
D)continue to see slow growth rates.

Question 39

India adds about 15.9 million people per year.Dividing this number by India's population at the beginning of the year allows us to calculate India's

A)crude birth rate.
B)in-migration rate.
C)population size.
D)population growth rate.

Question 40

The age-sex distribution for Niger can be labelled as ????? ? because it is broadest at the base and each successive bar is smaller than the one below it, which indicates that the population consists disproportionately of young people.

A)expansive
B)constrictive
C)stationary
D)triangular

Question 41

During Stage 3 of the demographic transition, the leading causes of death among young people include all but one of the following:

A)Infectious disease
B)Suicide
C)Accidents
D)Homicide

Question 42

The textbook uses the broad categories _________________, rather than industrialised and developing, to divide the countries of the world.

A)core and labour-intensive economies
B)First World and Third World
C)developed and developing
D)industrialised and industrialising

Question 43

Urbanisation includes all but one of the following characteristics:

A)Increase in the number of cities
B)Growth of the population living in cities
C)Rural-to-urban migration
D)Urban-to-rural migration

Question 44

The difference between birth and death rates is known as the demographic

A)division.
B)trap.
C)gap.
D)transition.

Question 45

If the doubling time of a country's population is 20 years, that country's economy would most likely be classified as

A)mechanised-rich.
B)labour-intensive poor.
C)industrial.
D)post-industrial.

Question 46

Birth rates fall below replacement when the average woman has fewer than ______ child/children over the course of her reproductive life.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 47

According to Thomas Malthus, epidemics, war, and famine are examples of

A)positive checks.
B)demographic traps .
C)demographic gaps.
D)catastrophic events.

Question 48

Afghanistan has an infant mortality rate of 149 per 1 000 births and a per capita income of $1 000.Its population is projected to double in 20 years.Based on this information, Afghanistan is a _______ country.

A)core economy
B)Fourth World
C)middle-income
D)labour-intensive poor

Question 49

From the perspective of Thomas Malthus, so-called moral ways to prevent populations from growing beyond what the food supply can support include all but one of the following:

A)Natural disasters
B)Celibacy
C)Delayed marriage
D)Forced sterilisation

Question 50

In Stage 3 of the demographic transition,

A)life expectancy at birth remains under 70.
B)the risk of dying from infectious diseases increases.
C)persons 50 years and over account for the largest share of deaths.
D)the goal is to live a long life at all costs.

Question 51

From the perspective of Thomas Malthus, the 373 natural disasters that killed about 300 000 people in 2010 would be

A)mortality crises.
B)preventive checks.
C)plagues.
D)positive checks.

Question 52

Accidents, homicides, and suicides become the leading causes of death among young people during which stage of the demographic transition?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)The transition stage

Question 53

During Stage 1 of the demographic transition, the ________ rate almost always exceeds 50 per 1 000.

A)death
B)fertility
C)marriage
D)birth

Question 54

Which one of the following factors is least responsible for the decline in mortality crises associated with Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A)The development of winter fodder for cattle
B)The discovery of canning as a method for food preservation
C)The manufacture of cheap cotton cloth
D)The discovery of antibiotics

Question 55

Which one of the following is the least likely explanation for the decline in fertility that took place in western countries during Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A)A change in the status of women
B)A decline in infant and childhood mortality
C)A decline in the economic value of children
D)Innovation in contraceptive technology

Question 56

The least important reason for the decline in death rates in western societies is

A)improvement in agricultural technology.
B)improvement in sanitation.
C)medical advances.
D)proper disposal of sewage.

Question 57

Prior to Stage 3 of the demographic transition, all but one of the following groups accounted for the largest share of deaths:

A)Young women
B)Infants
C)People age 50 and older
D)Children

Question 58

The birth rate in the United States is 14/1 000.The death rate is 8.4/1 000.The difference between the two rates is known as the

A)demographic gap.
B)total fertility rate.
C)crude birth rate.
D)demographic trap.

Question 59

During Stage 2 of the demographic transition, the ___________________ widened, and the population grew substantially.

A)demographic gap
B)mortality gap
C)demographic split
D)sex ratio

Question 60

Which one of the following characteristics best applies to Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A)Advances in medical technology caused the death rate to drop.
B)The fertility rate declines followed by a decline in death rate.
C)Infants, children and young women account for the largest share of deaths.
D)Mortality crises become less frequent, and the death rate begins to decline.

Question 61

Most rural-to-urban migrants in India move to the cities because

A)there are more employment opportunities.
B)housing is abundant.
C)services such as electricity and running water are readily available.
D)they have no alternatives.

Question 62

Two billion people in the world do not have the financial resources to secure food that is consistently safe, sufficient, and nutritious.That is, they suffer from

A)malnutrition.
B)food insecurity.
C)hunger.
D)mortality crises.

Question 63

Perhaps the most important historical reason that the demographic transition cannot apply to labour-intensive poor countries is that

A)most of these countries have not yet made it out of Stage I.
B)the people in these countries have never admired Western ways.
C)most of these countries were once colonies of core economies.
D)the best and brightest people in these countries emigrate to the Western economies.

Question 64

The rate of urbanisation in labour-intensive poor economies ___________ that of the core economies.

A)is equal to
B)is far less than
C)far exceeds
D)is slightly less than

Question 65

Agglomerations are urban areas with populations of

A)10 million or more.
B)5 million or more.
C)at least one million.
D)500 000 or more.

Question 66

Migration is not a factor in figuring world population growth.

Question 67

Germany has an infant mortality rate of 3.5 per 1 000 births, and its per capita income is $35 900.Based on this information, Germany is classified as

A)a core economy.
B)Fourth World.
C)middle income.
D)labour-intensive poor.

Question 68

To calculate the world's birth rate, divide the number of births in a year by the size of the population living at the beginning of the year and multiply that figure by a standard number such as 1 000.

Question 69

The US has an infant mortality rate of 6 deaths per 1 000 births and a per capita income of $47 400.Based on this information, the United States is a

A)core economy.
B)labour-intensive poor economy.
C)developing country.
D)Fourth World country.

Question 70

An agglomeration of at least 8 to 10 million people is a(n)

A)megacity.
B)metropolis.
C)urbanised area.
D)suburbanised area.

Question 71

Which of the following explains the difference in rates of urbanisation between core and labour-intensive poor economies?

A)'New worlds' existed to siphon off the population growth of Europe.
B)Core economies controlled growth through contraceptive use.
C)An overwhelming number of Europeans died during the potato famine of 1846-1849.
D)More opportunities for migrants existed in European cities.

Question 72

____________ has the highest number of agglomerations.

A)China
B)The United States
C)India
D)Russia

Question 73

Placing countries into two broad categories such as 'developed/developing' or 'industrialised/industrialising' is misleading for all but one of the following reasons.

A)It suggests a country is either industrialised or not industrialised.
B)It suggests that a failure to industrialise is what makes a country poor.
C)It suggests that developing countries can actually become industrialised.
D)It camouflages the fact that many 'developing' countries were part of the Industrial Revolution from the beginning.

Question 74

Demographers attribute the relatively rapid decline in death rates in the labour-intensive poor economies to

A)cultural diffusion.
B)positive checks.
C)urbanisation.
D)mortality crises.

Question 75

Most rural-to-urban migrants are pulled into the cities by employment opportunities.

Question 76

The infant mortality rate is the death rate among those children who die during birth.

Question 77

Census data affects how funding is allocated across communities.

Question 78

Sociologists Bernard Berelson and John Samuel have identified some important 'thresholds' associated with declines in fertility.Which of the following is not one of these thresholds?

A)Less than 50 per cent of the labour force is employed in agriculture.
B)Life expectancy is at least 60 years.
C)Eighty per cent of the females between the ages of 15 and 19 are married.
D)Infant mortality is less than 65 per 1 000 live births.

Question 79

A situation in which poverty, unemployment, and other problems associated with urbanisation are made worse by an influx of unskilled, poverty-stricken rural immigrants who have been pushed into the cities out of desperation is called

A)over-urbanisation.
B)urban sprawl.
C)agglomeration.
D)demographic trap.

Question 80

The point at which population growth overwhelms the environment's carrying capacity is

A)a demographic trap.
B)demographic growth.
C)urbanisation.
D)urban sprawl.