Deck 11: Treat Em

Question 1

Evaluations of boot camps have found positive long-term changes in behaviors.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Net widening brings more people under the umbrella of the criminal justice system.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The program that is seen as rehabilitative because it seeks to reintegrate offenders into the community is known as

A) diversion
B) boot camp
C) home confinement
D) parole

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Drug courts specialize in handling only offenders with substance abuse problems by sentencing them to jail rather than a long prison term.

Question 5

Evaluations of probation have found failure rates that range from _____________%.

A) 25 to 15
B) 65 to 12
C) 75 to 66
D) 99 to 77

Question 6

The concept of rehabilitation is the cornerstone of traditional liberal crime control policy.

Question 7

The Manhattan Court Employment Project provided a classic example of net widening.

Question 8

The most widely used rehabilitation program in the criminal justice system is

A) aging out
B) probation
C) boot camp
D) reentry

Question 9

Based on Martinson's findings, what can we conclude about rehabilitation?

A) rehabilitation programs have no positive effects so they should not be funded
B) some programs work for some people but they depend on the conditions of delivery
C) failing rehabilitation programs caused crime rates to rise in the 1970s
D) we can draw no conclusions since there is no rigorous scientific research available

Question 10

According to the text, the best crime reduction policy is?

A) rehabilitation
B) incapacitation
C) getting older
D) being female

Question 11

Faith-based treatment programs that provide intentional religion are more effective in reducing crime than secular treatment programs.

Question 12

Both conservatives and liberals are critical of parole.

Question 13

Which of the following terms is defined as a planned intervention that reduces an offender's further criminal activity?

A) rehabilitation
B) aging out
C) diversion
D) intermediate sanction

Question 14

An example of organic religion is a religiously-centered drug treatment program in a prison setting.

Question 15

Electronic monitoring programs have only been used with traffic violation offenders.

Question 16

Intensive probation/parole supervision programs rest on a flawed assumption that increasing the intensity of supervision would enhance program effectiveness.

Question 17

Passive electronic monitoring involves the use of ankle bracelets.

Question 18

Martinson's report does not meet the current standards of evidence-based crime policy analysis.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about Martinson's report on rehabilitation?

A) it was titled "Nothing Works"
B) no positive outcomes from rehabilitative programs could be identified
C) the research was funded by a conservative political action committee
D) his results were misinterpreted at a time when crime rates were soaring

Question 20

The emphasis of probation is on treatment over supervision.

Question 21

Regarding the role of the prediction problem in parole

A) prediction instruments based on number of prison infractions are the most accurate
B) we are no closer to a successful prediction formula today than we were in the 1920s
C) judges are able to make predictions as accurate as sophisticated prediction formulas
D) lack of an effective prediction formula has resulted in a shift toward unconditional release

Question 22

Select the most accurate statement regarding intensive probation supervision

A) it is a front-end rather than a back-end approach
B) the goal is to remove offenders from the system quickly
C) it is frequently combined with other intermediate sanctions
D) it is disliked by both liberals and conservatives

Question 23

The new intermediate punishments emphasize ____(1)_____ with little emphasis on _____(2)_____.

A) (1) cost savings (2) effectiveness
B) (1) juvenile treatment (2) adult treatment
C) (1) diversion (2) punishment
D) (1) surveillance and control (2) treatment

Question 24

Intensive probation/parole supervision programs provide enhanced __________ of offenders

A) supervision
B) treatment
C) supervision and treatment
D) none of the above

Question 25

An evaluation of a juvenile diversion program found that

A) diverted offenders had recidivism rates that were lower than both juveniles sent to juvenile court and juveniles released outright
B) diverted offenders had recidivism rates that were similar to both juveniles sent to juvenile court and juveniles released outright
C) a significant increase in the detention of juvenile arrestees, even though juvenile arrests declined by about half
D) a significant decrease in the detention of juvenile arrestees, even though juvenile arrests grew by about half

Question 26

One of the problems with net widening in a diversion program is that

A) more offenders escape the CJS without receiving either treatment or punishment
B) the cost savings are never realized because more people become part of the CJS process
C) both programs are voluntary in nature and tend to compete with one another
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 27

A type of electronic monitoring technology that involves periodic random telephone calls to a probationer's home is known as what?

A) passive monitoring
B) active monitoring
C) radio frequency
D) grosslink

Question 28

One of the problems with boot camps is that

A) they are only cheaper in the short term and most offenders require long stays to graduate
B) as many as half of the offenders in them fail to complete the program
C) offenders who successfully complete them have to repeat them if they join the military
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 29

Among the reasons for the failure of diversion programs is

A) contact between the offender and probation officers is too often
B) program content offers too many options for offenders who need structure
C) a coercion element that infringes on due process rights
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 30

Evaluations of intensive probation supervision programs find

A) lower rates of recidivism
B) higher rates of recidivism
C) lower rates of technical violations
D) higher rates of technical violations

Question 31

Among the goals of boot camps are

A) punishment of the offender
B) rehabilitation
C) reduction in overcrowding
D) all of the above
E) a & c only

Question 32

Programs that involve a treatment component and the goal of getting offenders out of the CJS as early as possible are known as what?

A) faith-based
B) boot camp
C) probation
D) diversion

Question 33

Participants of the Manhattan Court Employment Project

A) received counseling, short-term public assistance and a referral to a job opening
B) had all of their charges dropped in exchange for pleading to a low level misdemeanor
C) often dropped out of the program because it was more intrusive and punitive than prison
D) increased their lifetime earnings by 25% compared to a control group

Question 34

Graduates of boot camps who had lower recidivism rates participated in camps with

A) more treatment services
B) more intensive sessions
C) more intensive post-release supervision
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 35

Diversion within the criminal justice system has encompassed

A) police not arresting an individual
B) treatment services
C) case dismissals
D) all of the above

Question 36

Net widening refers to a process where

A) the loopholes in the CJS are widened and more offenders are able to slip through
B) the social networks of an offender are treated in order to promote embedding
C) more offenders are brought into the CJS rather than diverted out
D) a range of treatment services likened to a web are provided to an offender

Question 37

Research on offender reentry programs confirms

A) parole is better than unconditional release
B) those who desire to change have tools available to them
C) the inadequacy of treatment services
D) that regarding rehabilitation, nothing works

Question 38

Home confinement

A) is used for juvenile offenders only
B) is basically a curfew
C) is more effective than probation
D) is a complete failure

Question 39

How do rearrest rates for offenders released on parole compare to those released unconditionally?

A) there is little difference
B) parolees were rearrested slightly more frequently
C) those released unconditionally were rearrested far more frequently
D) parolees are more likely to be rearrested for a felony while those released unconditionally are more likely to be rearrested for a misdemeanor

Question 40

Diversion programs are rooted in the assumptions of which criminological theory?

A) rational choice
B) labeling
C) self-control
D) differential association

Question 41

Properly managed drug courts are set apart from other diversion programs due to

A) written criteria
B) initial and ongoing planning
C) access to various substance abuse treatment programs
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 42

If the purpose of electronic monitoring is to control offenders, it is a _____(1)_____, but if the purpose is to reintegrate offenders into the community, it is a _____(2)_____.

A) (1) success (2) success
B) (1) success (2) failure
C) (1) failure (2) success
D) (1) failure (2) failure

Question 43

President George W.Bush created the Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives in January 2001.When President Barack Obama entered office, he

A) kept the program intact
B) changed the name of the office to "Belief-Based and Community Initiatives"
C) eliminated all faith-based programs
D) continued the program, but with a slight change in emphasis and name

Question 44

Drug courts

A) began in the late 1980s in Florida
B) have expanded significantly in the past 20 years
C) provide a comprehensive plan of treatment and supervision
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 45

Regarding faith-based treatment

A) intentional religion programs may or may not include religious services
B) organic religion programs require religious services
C) intentional religion programs require religious services
D) both organic and intentional programs serve most religions

Question 46

In evaluating the effectiveness of faith-based treatment programs

A) organic religion was least effective in reducing crime
B) there was higher recidivism rates among secular programs than faith-based ones
C) there is inconclusive evidence that faith-based programs are more effective than secular ones
D) intentional religion was most effective in reducing crime

Question 47

One of the criticisms against electronic monitoring is that

A) it promotes net widening
B) few offenders actually complete the program
C) it allows dangerous offenders to be prey upon innocent citizens
D) the cost savings are small because a tiny proportion of all offenders are in electronic monitoring programs

Question 48

With the advent of drug courts, the traditional role of ____________ has been altered

A) prosecutors
B) law enforcement
C) judges
D) probation officers

Question 49

Drug courts are an example of

A) faith-based treatment
B) intensive supervised probation
C) net widening
D) diversion