Deck 16: Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour

Question 1

Vicki is seeing a therapist in an attempt to work through the troubles in her relationship with her father. She and her therapist often engage in lengthy verbal interactions, and her therapist tries to help Vicki work through a variety of potential solutions for the problems she is facing. In this case, her therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) behaviour therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) homeopathic therapy.

Answer 1

insight therapy.

Question 2

Electroconvulsive shock therapy is classified as ____ therapy.

A) an aversion
B) a biomedical
C) a behaviour
D) an insight

Answer 2

a biomedical

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major categories of psychotherapy?

A) biomedical therapies
B) emotion therapies
C) behavior therapies
D) insight therapies

Answer 3

emotion therapies

Question 4

Which of the following would Freud consider to be the most direct means of access to the unconscious mind?

A) transference
B) the content of dreams
C) the client's feelings toward the therapist
D) the client's attempts to hinder the progress of therapy

Question 5

Placebo effects occur when

A) people's expectations lead them to experience some change, even though they receive a fake or ineffective treatment.
B) people recover from a mental or physical illness without any form of intervention.
C) people who originally score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls closer to the average.
D) people who originally score near the average on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls at the extreme high or low end of the scale.

Question 6

Therapists who emphasise the application of learning principles in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behaviour
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Question 7

Compared to psychologists, in their provision of therapy psychiatrists tend to

A) emphasise biomedical treatments more.
B) use group therapies more often.
C) use behaviour therapies more often.
D) spend less time working with severely disturbed patients.

Question 8

Your friend is interested in becoming a psychologist and wants to specialise in working with the most severe mental health problems, what specialty is she MOST likely to choose?

A) counselling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist

Question 9

Sipho is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Sipho would

A) typically deal with patients who have more severe problems than the patients Grace usually sees.
B) normally treat young children, while Grace would treat more adults.
C) have a degree in psychology, while Grace would have a medical degree.
D) take a psychoanalytic approach in treating patients, while Grace would take a behavioural approach.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is false?

A) psychiatrists specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
B) psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists
C) psychiatrists frequently emphasise biomedical therapy
D) psychiatrists are physicians and have a medical degree

Question 11

Claude has been seeing a therapist in an attempt to finally stop smoking. The therapist has described a number of specific techniques that they might try to eliminate Claude's behavior of smoking. In this case, his therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) homeopathic therapy.
D) behaviour therapy.

Question 12

The idea that interactions designed to help a client develop self-knowledge and thus progress to healthy changes in personality and behaviour is the basis for

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioural therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 13

Dr Samuel believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated by bringing unconscious conflicts and defences into conscious awareness. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr Samuel's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Hans Eysenck.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Joseph Wolpe.

Question 14

Therapies that involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge, and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behaviour, are known as

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioural therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 15

Therapists who emphasise altering an individual's physiological functioning in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behaviour
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Question 16

A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients' understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as

A) an insight therapist.
B) a behaviour therapist.
C) a biomedical therapist.
D) a homeopathic therapist.

Question 17

Which of the following disorders would be LEAST likely to be treated by psychiatrists?

A) schizophrenia
B) mood disorder
C) anxiety disorder
D) marital problems

Question 18

Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely to deal with the most severe mental health problems?

A) counselling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist

Question 19

What do psychoanalytic and client-centred therapies have in common?

A) They both deal with psychotic problems.
B) They both stress insight into the self.
C) They both require an MD degree to practise.
D) They both prescribe drugs as part of the treatment.

Question 20

John suffers from chronic anxiety. He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations. He decides to seek therapy. John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy. John believes that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam) he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist who emphasises the ____ approach.

A) behaviour therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy

Question 21

Luvuyo has been in psychotherapy for several months, but during the last few sessions he has been distracted and inattentive. When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently, Luvuyo insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams. According to Freud, Luvuyo's behaviour may be a sign of

A) defensive neurosis.
B) resistance.
C) transference.
D) insight.

Question 22

Mieke has been having a recurring dream for the past four months, and during a session with her psychotherapist, the therapist proposed one possible explanation that might give meaning to the images in Mieke's dream. In providing an explanation for the meaning of the dream, the therapist is engaged in

A) interpretation.
B) transference.
C) clarification.
D) free association.

Question 23

According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when

A) unconscious conflicts threaten to rise to the surface of conscious awareness.
B) a person engages in negative thinking.
C) there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.
D) a person is lacking in self-control.

Question 24

Carl Rogers' client-centred therapy grew from the

A) psychoanalytic tradition.
B) behaviourist tradition.
C) humanistic tradition.
D) cognitive tradition.

Question 25

No matter what Sam tells his therapist concerning his failures or successes, weaknesses or strengths, spiteful behaviours or good deeds, vengeful feelings or positive emotions, his therapist is very accepting of him as a person. Sam's therapist is showing him

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) genuineness.
C) empathy.
D) transference.

Question 26

A therapist's attempt to explain the significance of a client's thoughts, feelings and behaviours is referred to as

A) interpretation.
B) debriefing.
C) confrontation.
D) clarification.

Question 27

Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient

A) transfers from one stage of analysis to another.
B) changes the way the patient feels about people close to the patient.
C) responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent.
D) shifts social roles during the course of therapy.

Question 28

Largely unconscious defensive manoeuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 29

At times, individuals decide to terminate therapy at a time the therapist feels is premature and at a point when therapy is about to make significant progress. This is an example of

A) interpretation.
B) repression.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 30

During psychoanalysis when a client begins to start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives the patient is said to be engaging in

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 31

Tasha has been in psychotherapy for just over a year. Lately she has started to express a strong sexual desire for her therapist. Unconsciously she is acting toward him the way she wishes she could act toward her own husband. According to Freud, Tasha's behaviour may be a sign of

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) free association.
D) defensive neurosis.

Question 32

Dr Nene is a psychotherapist who is extremely supportive of all his clients. He encourages his clients to talk about their concerns, and he often acts as a sounding board, restating and clarifying the themes that come to the surface as his clients speak freely about their concerns and problems. Dr Nene appears to be

A) a therapist who uses a modern psychodynamic approach.
B) a therapist who uses Beck's cognitive approach to therapy.
C) a therapist who uses existential therapy methods.
D) a client-centred therapist.

Question 33

Charlene is talking with her father, and she confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend. Her father tells Charlene that he loves her, but that he doesn't approve of her lying. According to Carl Rogers, Charlene's father is displaying the quality of

A) empathy.
B) validity.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) selective abstraction.

Question 34

George has been in psychotherapy for several months. When he first started therapy, George had a very positive relationship with his therapist. However, over the past two weeks he has shown increasing hostility, and he often yells and becomes threatening when his therapist offers her interpretations of the things that George says during therapy. According to Freud, George's behaviour may be

A) evidence that his psychological problems are worsening.
B) a sign of repressed free association.
C) evidence of defensive neurosis.
D) a sign of transference.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that Carl Rogers believes is necessary in client-centred therapy to encourage client growth?

A) empathy
B) genuineness
C) directedness
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 36

Treating the therapist as though he were a very important person from one's past, such as a parent, defines

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) frustration.
D) reaction formation.

Question 37

Goals of client-centred therapy include helping clients do all of the following EXCEPT

A) have an accurate self-concept.
B) gain self-acceptance.
C) resolve unconscious conflicts.
D) realise they do not have to worry about winning acceptance from others.

Question 38

A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions, acting hostile toward the analyst and making up dreams. This is MOST likely

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 39

Rogers believed that client-centred therapists must provide unconditional positive regard for their clients. In other words, they must

A) provide warmth and caring only when clients' behaviour is appropriate.
B) communicate with clients in an honest and spontaneous manner.
C) understand the client's world from the client's point of view, and be able to communicate this.
D) show complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person.

Question 40

Dr Brittain uses a therapeutic technique that focuses on providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who in turn play a major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy. Most likely Dr Brittain is a

A) rational-emotive therapist.
B) client-centred therapist.
C) psychoanalytic therapist.
D) Gestalt therapist.

Question 41

Jim is 14 years old and has been participating in individual therapy. Although he has made progress, his therapist is concerned that Jim will relapse because of Jim's dysfunctional home environment. Jim's therapist is most likely to recommend

A) psychoanalysis.
B) couples' therapy.
C) family therapy.
D) systematic desensitisation.

Question 42

Your therapist is a client-centred therapist and must provide unconditional positive regard. In other words, your therapist must

A) provide warmth and caring only when clients' behaviour is appropriate.
B) communicate with clients in an honest and spontaneous manner.
C) understand the client's world from the client's point of view, and be able to communicate this.
D) show complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person.

Question 43

Which type of therapy will MOST likely be used more frequently in the future due to economic pressures in mental health care?

A) client-centred therapy
B) well-being therapy
C) positive psychotherapy
D) group therapy

Question 44

Which of the following statements about group therapy is LEAST accurate?

A) Therapy groups typically consist of 4 to 15 participants.
B) The therapist may share his or her personal experiences and feelings with the group.
C) Group participants essentially function as therapists for each other.
D) Group therapy is typically more expensive than individual therapy.

Question 45

Therapies that involve physiological intervention intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders are

A) behaviour therapies.
B) insight therapies.
C) biomedical therapies.
D) cognitive therapies.

Question 46

Valium is

A) an antidepressant drug.
B) an antianxiety drug.
C) an antipsychotic drug.
D) an MAO inhibitor.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT among the advantages of group therapy?

A) Participants often come to realise that their misery is not unique.
B) It produces a significantly higher recovery rate than individual therapy.
C) It provides an opportunity for participants to work on social skills in a safe environment.
D) Certain kinds of problems are especially well suited to group treatment.

Question 48

In couples' therapy, the primary focus of treatment is

A) the relationship between the partners.
B) early childhood memories.
C) negotiations with extended family members.
D) the children's home environment.

Question 49

Khutso has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug from the benzodiazepine family to reduce the severity of Khutso's symptoms. In this case, Khutso's therapist is MOST likely treating her for

A) an anxiety disorder.
B) depression.
C) schizophrenia.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 50

Dr Shumang believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated if clients' vague complaints are translated into concrete behavioural goals. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr Shumang's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by

A) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
B) B. F. Skinner and Joseph Wolpe.
C) Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.
D) Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis.

Question 51

The principles of classical and operant conditioning and observational learning are used by

A) psychoanalysts.
B) biomedical therapists.
C) behaviour therapists.
D) client-centred therapists.

Question 52

Electroconvulsive therapy and drug therapy for psychological disorders are two types of

A) behaviour therapy.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) emotion therapy.

Question 53

According to behaviour therapists, pathological behaviours

A) are signs of an underlying emotional or cognitive problem.
B) should be viewed as the expression of an unconscious sexual or aggressive conflict.
C) can be modified directly, through the application of established principles of conditioning.
D) are the products of irrational thinking.

Question 54

The most important aspect of group therapy is that group members

A) provide acceptance and emotional support.
B) challenge one another's false belief structures.
C) increase conformity and compliance.
D) reduce both transference and resistance.

Question 55

Therapists who tend to see symptoms as the problem rather than as signs of more internal, underlying problems are

A) cognitive therapists.
B) behaviour therapists.
C) psychodynamic therapists.
D) humanists.

Question 56

Valium and Xanax are

A) antidepressant drugs.
B) benzodiazepines.
C) antipsychotic drugs.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 57

Carl Rogers believed that psychological disorders are caused by

A) current stressful situations in one's life.
B) inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.
C) unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood.
D) maladaptive patterns of thinking established in childhood.

Question 58

Which of the following assumptions is LEAST likely to be made by a behavioural therapist?

A) Behaviour is a product of learning.
B) What has been learned can be unlearned.
C) Overt behaviours are symptoms of an underlying problem.
D) Learning principles can be used to get rid of maladaptive behaviours.

Question 59

Improved communication skills are MOST relevant to

A) psychoanalysis.
B) couples' and family therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) aversion therapy.

Question 60

"What has been learned can be unlearned" is a central assumption of

A) insight therapy.
B) group therapy.
C) behaviour therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.

Question 61

In comparison to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotic drugs are

A) more effective in treating schizophrenia but have more unpleasant side effects.
B) less effective in treating schizophrenia but have fewer unpleasant side effects.
C) equally effective in treating schizophrenia and have fewer unpleasant side effects.
D) less effective in treating schizophrenia and have more unpleasant side effects.

Question 62

Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with different cultural groups. This finding illustrates that

A) psychology is theoretically diverse.
B) our behaviour is shaped by our cultural heritage.
C) psychology evolves in a socio-historical context.
D) our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 63

Which of the following statements concerning electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is false?

A) memory loss is a common short-term side effect
B) objective evidence has shown that ECT causes structural damage to the brain
C) use of ECT peaked in the 1940s and 1950s
D) ECT is used to treat major depression

Question 64

The newest antidepressant drugs such as Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft

A) increase levels of dopamine in the brain.
B) act as MAO inhibitors.
C) slow the reuptake process at serotonin synapses.
D) also reduce the manic symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 65

The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as

A) mainstreaming.
B) exit-transfer therapy.
C) decentralisation.
D) deinstitutionalisation.

Question 66

Therapeutic drugs that reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness are

A) antidepressant drugs.
B) antipsychotic drugs.
C) mood stabilisers.
D) antianxiety drugs.

Question 67

Jennifer's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that alters the activity in dopamine synapses. Her doctor is most likely treating Jennifer for symptoms of

A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) an anxiety disorder.

Question 68

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

A) involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions.
B) is used primarily for the treatment of schizophrenia.
C) has been used increasingly often since the 1940s.
D) is one of the key components in aversion therapy.

Question 69

Gilbert has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has prescribed an antipsychotic drug to reduce the severity of Gilbert's symptoms. In this case, Gilbert's therapist is most likely treating him for

A) panic disorder.
B) mild depression.
C) generalised anxiety disorder.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 70

Compared to traditional antipsychotic drugs, the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs

A) seem to produce more severe side effects, but they work much more quickly.
B) are more effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) can be used to treat depression and anxiety, in addition to schizophrenia.
D) seem to produce fewer unpleasant side effects.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

A) An individual client may be treated with several different kinds of therapy.
B) A combination of therapeutic approaches is often more effective than a single approach.
C) Therapy is generally more effective if a single approach is used consistently throughout the treatment of an individual client.
D) Generally speaking, the majority of clinical psychologists use an eclectic approach to therapy.

Question 72

Kayla has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed an MAO inhibitor to reduce the severity of Kayla's symptoms. In this case, Kayla's therapist is MOST likely treating her for

A) depression.
B) an anxiety disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 73

Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are all

A) mood stabilisers.
B) anti-anxiety drugs.
C) antidepressant drugs.
D) antipsychotic drugs.

Question 74

Deinstitutionalisation means that

A) hospitalisation for mental illness has become a thing of the past.
B) whenever possible, the mentally ill should be treated at community-based facilities that emphasise outpatient care.
C) the environment inside mental hospitals is designed to be less structured and rigid.
D) mental hospitals should take increased responsibility for the treatment of all clients, even those who are not seriously ill.

Question 75

Which group of therapeutic drugs used to treat psychological disorders is commonly referred to as tranquillisers?

A) mood stabilisers
B) antidepressant drugs
C) antianxiety drugs
D) antipsychotic drugs

Question 76

Therapeutic drugs that gradually reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, hyperactivity and mental confusion are

A) antidepressant drugs.
B) antipsychotic drugs.
C) mood stabilisers.
D) anti-anxiety drugs.

Question 77

Today, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is MOST likely to be used as a treatment for patients with

A) schizophrenia.
B) schizophrenia who have not responded to antipsychotic drugs.
C) major depression.
D) major depression who have not responded to antidepressant drugs.

Question 78

Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalisation?

A) a decrease in the average inpatient population in state mental hospitals
B) an increase in the average length of stay in state and county mental hospitals
C) an increase in the number of mentally ill patients in local general hospitals
D) more outpatient care of psychological disorders

Question 79

The therapeutic drugs used to control bipolar disorder are referred to as

A) anti-anxiety drugs.
B) antidepressants.
C) antipsychotics.
D) mood stabilisers.

Question 80

The risks of ECT

A) have been completely eliminated by modern improvements in the procedure.
B) may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment.
C) are so severe that the use of ECT has been banned by law.
D) are negligible, as long as appropriate precautions are taken.