Deck 19: Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs

Question 1

Calculating the effect size with single-system data involves:

A)Calculating the standard deviation of the intervention data and then dividing that into the standard deviation of the baseline data.
B)Calculating the standard deviation of the baseline data and then dividing that into the intervention mean.
C)Treating the baseline data like a control group.
D)Calculating the baseline mean and then dividing that into the intervention mean.

Answer 1

Treating the baseline data like a control group.

Question 2

When using the two standard deviation procedure, an effect size of at least 1.0 would be statistically significant.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

It is appropriate to use the proportion-frequency procedure when:

A)The data are nominal and dichotomous.
B)The data are interval or ratio.
C)We want to compare the baseline and intervention phase means.
D)None of these.

Answer 3

The data are nominal and dichotomous.

Question 4

The X-mR-chart approach can detect whether a data point within any phase is significantly different than other data points within the same phase.

Question 5

When our data are dichotomous, we can use the proportion-frequency procedure.

Question 6

It is appropriate to use a t-Test with single-system data when:

A)The outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement.
B)The data in each phase have a skewed distribution.
C)The baseline data are autocorrelated.
D)None of these.

Question 7

The X-mR-chart method has more statistical power than the two standard deviation approach.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is/are correct about statistical significance with single-system data?

A)The absence of statistical significance means that the intervention was ineffective.
B)The presence of statistical significance means that the intervention's effects were meaningful.
C)The presence of statistical significance means that design flaws can be ruled out as the explanation for the improved outcome.
D)None of these.

Question 9

When calculating the t-Test with single-system data, the intervention data are treated like experimental group data, and the baseline data are treated like control group data.

Question 10

If the baseline mean is 20 undesirable observed behaviors, the intervention mean is 16 undesirable observed behaviors, and the baseline standard deviation is 4, then the effect size is:

A)+1.0
B)- 1.0
C)+4.0
D)-4.0

Question 11

Which of the following statements is/are correct about calculating the SMD effect size with single-system data?

A)Divide the pooled standard deviation into the difference between the baseline and intervention means.
B)Divide the intervention standard deviation into the difference between the baseline and intervention means.
C)Never change the plus sign into a minus sign after the calculations are done.
D)Never change the minus sign into a plus sign after the calculations are done.

Question 12

If our single-system design data are statistically significant, we can rule out measurement bias as a possible explanation for our findings.

Question 13

Which of the following sets of chronologically ordered data is most clearly autocorrelated?

A)1, 4, 5, 2, 2, 1, 3
B)4, 5, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3
C)1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
D)3, 5, 5, 6, 3, 2, 3

Question 14

When calculating an effect size involving single system design data, the baseline data are treated like a control group, and the intervention data are treated like an experimental group.

Question 15

Statistical significance is more important than visual significance in interpreting single-system design data.

Question 16

It is appropriate to use the two standard deviation procedure when:

A)The outcome variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement, and the baseline data are unstable.
B)The baseline data are stable, and the outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement.
C)The baseline data are relatively flat, lacking a pronounced increasing or decreasing trend, and the outcome variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement.
D)The baseline data are stable and have a pronounced increasing or decreasing trend.

Question 17

Single-system design data are autocorrelated if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is/are true about autocorrelation?

A)Its presence can make the results misleading when using the two standard deviation procedure.
B)It is present if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series.
C)Some serial data are autocorrelated in ways that are not visually obvious.
D)All of these.

Question 19

Which statistical significance procedure to use with single-system design data is influenced by the level of measurement of our outcome variable, the way the data are distributed, and how many data points we have.

Question 20

It is appropriate to use the X-mR-chart when:

A)The outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement.
B)There is an unstable, fluctuating baseline pattern.
C)We want to increase statistical power.
D)All of these.