Deck 12: Type I and Type Ii Errors

Question 1

Although the null hypothesis may be implausible, it is never impossible.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The probability of committing a Type I error is the p value.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Our risk of a Type II error increases the most when:

A)Our sample size decreases, and we select a lower significance level (such as .01).
B)Our sample size increases, and we select a higher significance level (such as .10).
C)Our sample size decreases, and we select a higher significance level (such as .10).
D)Our sample size increases, and we select a lower significance level (such as .01).

Answer 3

Our sample size decreases, and we select a lower significance level (such as .01).

Question 4

Every time we opt not to reject the null hypothesis, we inescapably risk making a Type II error.

Question 5

An experiment with a small sample is conducted to test the effectiveness of a promising new intervention for treating substance abuse.The experimental group's outcome is better than the control group's outcome, but the results are not statistically significant.The implication of this finding for evidence-based practice is:

A)The new intervention was ineffective.
B)The new intervention was effective, but not as effective as predicted.
C)It is conceivable that the new intervention is effective, although we cannot rule out sampling error as the explanation for the research finding.Additional testing of this intervention with a larger sample size would be in order.
D)None of these.

Question 6

We are least susceptible to committing Type II errors when our sample is small.

Question 7

The p-value resulting from a test of the statistical significance of a finding indicates:

A)The importance of the finding.
B)The actual strength of the predicted relationship.
C)The probability that the study's finding is attributable to sampling error.
D)The alpha level.

Question 8

We commit a Type II error when we:

A)Reject a true null hypothesis.
B)Fail to reject a false null hypothesis.
C)Fail to reject a false research hypothesis.
D)Reject a false null hypothesis

Question 9

We commit a Type I error when we:

A)Reject a true null hypothesis.
B)Fail to reject a false null hypothesis.
C)Reject a true research hypothesis.
D)Fail to reject a false research hypothesis.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is/are correct about p-values and significance levels?

A)If the p-value is .04, and the significance level is .05, then the result is statistically significant.
B)If the p-value is .05, and the significance level is .04, then the result is statistically significant.
C)If the p-value is .051, and the significance level is .05, then the result is statistically significant.
D)All of these.

Question 11

We risk a Type I error when we;

A)Reject the null hypothesis.
B)Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
C)Obtain results that are NOT statistically significant.
D)Reject a true research hypothesis.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about Type I and Type II errors?

A)Type I errors are always more serious.
B)Type II errors are always more serious.
C)Type I and Type II errors are always equally serious.
D)Which error is more serious will vary from study to study depending on the value judgments that we make.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about risking a Type II error?

A)We risk it when we reject the null hypothesis.
B)We risk it when we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
C)The same decision as to whether or not to reject a null hypothesis can risk a Type I and Type II error simultaneously.
D)None of these.

Question 14

The most appropriate significance level in evidence-based practice research:

A)Should always be .05.
B)Should always be .10.
C)Is determined by mathematical theory.
D)Can vary, depending upon the sample size and judgments about the relative seriousness of Type I and Type II errors.

Question 15

Statistical conclusion validity:

A)Is based on the quality of data collection methods.
B)Is based on the strength of the logic of the research design.
C)Can be found in a study that lacks internal validity.
D)Requires that the relationship be strong.

Question 16

A Type II error occurs when we fail to reject a false null hypothesis.

Question 17

When our results are statistically significant, we refuse to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 18

If the statewide re-arrest rate for drinking and driving is 40% and we predict that recipients of a new intervention to prevent recidivism will have a 10% recidivism rate, then:

A)the mean of the theoretical sampling distribution of the null hypothesis will be 40%.
B)the mean of the theoretical sampling distribution of the research hypothesis will be 10%.
C)the mean of the theoretical sampling distribution of the research hypothesis will be 30%.
D)the mean of the theoretical sampling distribution of the null hypothesis will be 30%.

Question 19

The Type II error probability is the proportion of the predicted sampling distribution that falls within the significant tail of the null hypothesis sampling distribution.

Question 20

A Type I error occurs whenever we reject a true null hypothesis.

Question 21

In evidence-based practice research, Type II errors are always more serious than Type I errors.

Question 22

In evidence-based practice research, Type I errors are always more serious than Type II errors.

Question 23

A lower p-value in one study means that the finding is more important than the finding of another study with a higher p -value.