Deck 7: Commonly Used Skills: Affirmation Giving, Encouragement, Modeling, Self-Disclosure, Confrontation, Offering Alternatives, Information Giving, Advice Giving, and Collaboration

Question 1

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
Modeling that occurs as a by-product of the helping relationship is called:

A) innocuous modeling.
B) inadvertent modeling.
C) intentional modeling.
D) forced modeling.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
A clinician says to her client, "You can do it. I know you have it in you." This is an example of:

A) Encouragement
B) Empathy
C) Advice giving
D) Affirmation
E) Positive reinforcement

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In reference to problem-focused skills, in which order do the responses become more value laden and helper-xe "Counseling Skills:Skills to Use Cautiously\: Alternatives, Info Giving, Advice Givi" xe "Counseling Skills:Skills to Use Cautiously" centered, and thus the response becomes potentially more destructive?

A) Offering alternatives to information giving to advice giving
B) Offering alternatives to advice giving to information giving
C) Information giving to offering alternatives to advice giving
D) Information giving to advice giving to offering alternatives
E) Advice giving to information giving to offering alternatives
F) Advice giving to offering alternatives to information giving

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which is the best definition of confrontation within a helping relationship?

A) The verbal attack of a client in an effort to get him or her to "open up"
B) The purposeful and manipulative effort on the part of the helper to get the client to tell the truth
C) The building of a trusting relationship followed by gentle prodding to get the client to change
D) Yelling at a client

Question 5

Content self-disclosure is which of the following?

A) The reflection of content beyond what the client is disclosing
B) The reflection of feelings beyond what the client is disclosing
C) Revealing something about yourself that relates to the topic the client is talking about in an effort to model behaviors and show the client you are real
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not a drawback of using problem-focused skills?

A) They tend to portray the helper as an expert.
B) They tend to foster over-reliance on the helper.
C) They foster dependency.
D) None of the above (all are drawbacks)

Question 7

Which is not a problem-focused skill?

A) Advice giving
B) Information giving
C) Offering alternatives
D) Modeling
E) Self-disclosure
F) Two of the above

Question 8

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
A therapist decides to use a sticker chart with a parent who is compulsively late to show him how such charts can be used with children. Every time the parent comes in on time for a session, he gets a star. And, every time the parent describes behaviors that he has worked to change, he gets a star. He can hand in ten stars for a book on parenting skills. This is an example of:

A) innocuous modeling.
B) inadvertent modeling.
C) intentional modeling.
D) forced modeling.
E) being empathic.

Question 9

Challenging a client to view his or her situation differently by offering an alternative reality is what kind of technique?

A) Higher level empathy
B) Use of satire and irony
C) "You/but" statements
D) Asking the client to justify the discrepancy
E) Reframing

Question 10

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
After successfully being able to try out some difficult communication skills with her husband, a clinician looks at his client and says to her, "Excellent." This is an example of:

A) Encouragement
B) Empathy
C) Advice giving
D) Affirmation
E) Stimulus control

Question 11

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
A client tells his therapist that he was able to practice good listening skills this past week because he learned from watching her during the sessions. This is an example of:

A) information giving.
B) advice giving.
C) innocuous modeling.
D) inadvertent modeling.
E) intentional modeling.
F) forced modeling.
G) being empathic.

Question 12

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
Self-disclosure on the part of the clinician is used for all but which of the following reasons?

A) To reveal parts of oneself in an effort to strengthen the counseling relationship
B) As a means for mimicking early attachment issues
C) As a mechanism to help the client feel comfortable with self-disclosure
D) As an example of how to be in relationships

Question 13

In reference to confrontation, Hackney and Cormier (2005) and Neukrug (2003) have highlighted all but which of the following client discrepancies?

A) Values and behavior
B) Feelings and behavior
C) Idealized self and real self
D) Id self and ego self
E) Expressed feelings and underlying feelings of which the client is unaware

Question 14

Confrontation is all but which of the following?

A) Yelling at a client
B) Telling a client what to do
C) Acting as if you are the authority figure who has "the answer"
D) Laying guilt trips on a client for not accomplishing his or her goals
E) Acting cynically toward a person and treating him or her like he or she is not worthwhile
F) None of the above

Question 15

Your client has told you how much his good reputation in the community means to him. Now he reveals that he has been cheating his business partners. Which of the following would be the best response to this discrepancy?

A) "Don't you realize that what you're doing is illegal-what if you get caught?"
B) "I'm wondering how cheating your business partners fits in with the importance you hold to having a good reputation in the community?"
C) "You know, you're lying to yourself if you think you can do this and still keep a good reputation in the community."
D) "This is really going to hurt your reputation when it all comes out, isn't it?"

Question 16

A helper says to a client, "I'm feeling very good about you right now as you share these difficult thoughts with me." This is an example of which of the following?

A) Intentional modeling
B) Forced modeling
C) Content self-disclosure
D) Process self-disclosure
E) A "3.0" empathic response
F) Good reflection

Question 17

A counselor at a problem pregnancy clinic describes a number of birth control methods to a sexually active teenager, and then states, "If you're going to remain sexually active, I strongly urge you to use one of these methods." The counselor then goes on to describe the various methods. This is an example of what kind of problem-focused skill?

A) Advice giving
B) Offering alternatives
C) Information giving
D) Two of the above
E) Three of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Your client tells you that he believes in never hitting children, and then he reveals that he periodically loses control and slaps his daughter. You say to him, "Tell me how you make sense of this behavior as it seems it is contrary to what you believe." This is an example of what kind of confrontation?

A) Higher level empathy
B) Use of satire and irony
C) "You/but" statements
D) Asking the client to justify the discrepancy
E) Reframing

Question 19

Meichenbaum (as cited in Kleinke, 1994) notes that when the helping relationship is at its optimal, the timing of a problem-focused response should be such that:

A) the client can "take in" the advice or alternative being offered.
B) the client would not feel "put down" by the solution being offered.
C) the client will be ready to act on the solution being offered.
D) the client is "one step ahead" of the solution being offered.

Question 20

For each item below, identify what aspect of the mental status it belongs to:
A. Appearance and behavior
B. Emotional state
C. Thought Components
D. Cognition
Modeling that is a deliberate effort on the part of the helper to teach the client something new is called:

A) innocuous modeling.
B) inadvertent modeling.
C) intentional modeling.
D) forced modeling.

Question 21

For years, client affirmations were viewed negatively by traditional psychotherapeutic approaches because it was seen as fostering an external locus of control.

Question 22

In relation to the natural helper, the professional counselor probably uses self-disclosure and solution-focused skills more.

Question 23

Although the natural helper may use most, if not all, of the commonly used skills that the professional counselor uses, he or she uses them in a haphazard fashion.

Question 24

Collaboration generally occurs at transitional points in the relationships (e.g., between stages).

Question 25

Collaboration in the counseling relationship tells the client you respect his or her opinion and would like his or her feedback about the course of treatment.

Question 26

A client describes his intense anger toward his wife, but the clinician senses some deep pain revolving around the client's fear of an intimate relationship. The clinician therefore responds to the client by saying, "I hear your anger, but I also sense some sadness regarding the inability of you and your wife to be closer." The client sobs. This is an example of what kind of confrontation?

A) Higher level empathy
B) Use of satire and irony
C) "You/but" statements
D) Asking the client to justify the discrepancy
E) Reframing

Question 27

In which of the following is collaboration least likely to occur?

A) During the rapport and trust building stage
B) After rapport building and prior to problem identification
C) After problem identification and prior to the development of treatment goals
D) After the development of treatment goals and prior to treatment planning
E) During the closure stage prior to ending counseling
True of False

Question 28

Research on solution-focused skills has not shown them to be efficacious.

Question 29

Encouragement and affirmations are important because they can help raise an individual's self-esteem.

Question 30

The use of satire or irony is less combative than many of the other types of confrontation.

Question 31

Clinicians will act as models for their clients, regardless of whether or not they want to be.

Question 32

One rule of thumb concerning when to be self-disclosing is: "If it feels good to self-disclose, do it-you're probably meeting some important client need.

Question 33

Which of the following is not generally the format followed when collaborating with a client?

A) The use of one's foundational skills to offer a summary of what has been discussed thus far
B) Asking the client, through the use of questions, how he or she feels about the course of treatment thus far
C) Asking the client, through the use of questions, about the direction he or she would like to take in treatment
D) Sharing with the client one's own thoughts about which areas might be important to focus upon (advice giving)
E) Having an honest discussion concerning any discrepancies found between the client's and clinician's thoughts about what to focus upon
F) Strongly suggesting the course of treatment based on the discussion

Question 34

Content self-disclosure is similar to the concept of "immediacy."

Question 35

Self-disclosure should be practiced frequently so that clients can feel as if the helper is his or her friend.