Deck 2: The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America

Question 1

Calvinists believe that

A) Christians should give away all their material possessions.
B) women were spiritually inferior and could not be saved.
C) a person's salvation or damnation was predestined by God.
D) the elect earned their salvation through acts of penitence.
E) all human beings were saved.

Answer 1

a person's salvation or damnation was predestined by God.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about early Jamestown is most correct?

A) It was a great success.
B) Its success or failure was unclear.
C) It was saved by the discovery of silver.
D) It saw the majority of its colonists die.
E) It was a profitable venture for the London Company.

Answer 2

It saw the majority of its colonists die.

Question 3

The leader banished from Massachusetts Bay for arguing that the King had no authority to take lands from Native Americans was

A) Thomas Hooker.
B) John Winthrop.
C) Roger Williams.
D) William Bradstreet.
E) John Smith.

Answer 3

Roger Williams.

Question 4

The popular religious leader who was banned from Massachusetts in 1638 was

A) John Cotton.
B) Increase Mather.
C) Anne Hutchinson.
D) Cotton Mather.
E) Squanto.

Question 5

The coureurs de bois were French

A) Jesuits.
B) fur traders.
C) tax collectors.
D) craftsmen.
E) soldiers.

Question 6

The Protestant Reformation argued that

A) a person could find salvation through faith alone.
B) a person could find salvation through good works alone.
C) a papal hierarchy was necessary for good order.
D) the seven sacraments were necessary for salvation.
E) the world was about to end.

Question 7

The Indian warrior who led the massacre of 1622 against the Virginia settlers was

A) Powhatan.
B) Massasoit.
C) Opechancanough.
D) Squanto.
E) Tonto.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of Samuel de Champlain?

A) He was a devout Catholic who enslaved the Indians who would not convert to Christianity.
B) He explored the St.Lawrence River and founded the French colony of Quebec.
C) He was the French king who offered religious toleration to the Huguenots.
D) He was so harsh and autocratic that his own soldiers murdered him.
E) He sailed for the English.

Question 9

The primary export of Jamestown was

A) cotton.
B) wheat.
C) tobacco.
D) flax.
E) sugar.

Question 10

The colony of Massachusetts Bay was settled by

A) Catholics.
B) Puritans.
C) Quakers.
D) Anglicans.
E) Jews.

Question 11

The model for England's conquest and colonization of North America was

A) New Spain.
B) Brazil.
C) Greenland.
D) Wales.
E) Ireland.

Question 12

The Half-way Covenant refers to

A) religious concessions made to those who had not had the salvation experience.
B) the responsibilities a person had to the community in which they lived.
C) the status of a couple between engagement and marriage.
D) contractual landholding responsibilities.
E) the labor contract that bound servants to work in return for their passage to the New World.

Question 13

By the mid-eighteenth century, the most important French colony was

A) Martinique.
B) St.Dominque (Haiti).
C) Guadeloupe.
D) Canada.
E) Florida.

Question 14

The English monarch most responsible for defining the Protestant Reformation in England was

A) Mary of Scotland.
B) James II.
C) Charles I.
D) Elizabeth I.
E) Philip II.

Question 15

The man most responsible for the French colonization of North America was

A) King Louis XIV.
B) Samuel de Champlain.
C) François Quebec.
D) Cardinal Richelieu.
E) Cabeza de Vaca.

Question 16

The monarch who sat on the English throne during the early colonization of Virginia in North America was

A) Elizabeth I.
B) James I.
C) James II.
D) Charles II.
E) Philip II.

Question 17

The colony that was established as a Catholic refuge was

A) Massachusetts.
B) New Jersey.
C) Delaware.
D) Maryland.
E) Pennsylvania.

Question 18

The "Body of Liberties" of 1641 can best be described as

A) a bill of rights.
B) a female reformer convention.
C) a collection of pamphlets.
D) a series of sermons against the king of England.
E) a massive protest against Parliament.

Question 19

Jamestown was established and settled by

A) Elizabeth I.
B) coastal fishermen from New England.
C) the Virginia company.
D) Puritans.
E) Quakers.

Question 20

Puritans believed that a person's salvation depended on

A) good works.
B) following the teachings of the church.
C) God's covenant of grace.
D) chance.
E) attending church.

Question 21

Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts because he believed that

A) the king lacked the authority to grant title to Indian lands.
B) only adult male Puritans should be allowed to vote and hold office.
C) no Jews or atheists should be allowed in the colony.
D) all colonial churches should be under the authority of the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury.
E) the king ruled by divine right.

Question 22

In the colony of New France,

A) high ranking government officials were elected by the local land owners.
B) fur trading and wheat farming provided the basis for a prosperous economy.
C) slavery was outlawed.
D) the population was two times larger than that of France itself.
E) Indians were all killed.

Question 23

Early colonial population statistics for Virginia and Maryland reveal that

A) men outnumbered women by a ratio of thirty to one.
B) most men married for the first time in their late teens.
C) most men lived to age 45, while most women died before the age of 40.
D) life expectancy in the colonies was higher than in England.
E) their colonists lived longer than those in the northern colonies.

Question 24

The Restoration colonies were

A) the smallest and least profitable colonies in New England.
B) founded by political exiles who were driven out of the Puritan colonies.
C) Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, and Vermont.
D) founded by the Catholics.
E) proprietary colonies founded by cavalier supporters of Charles II and James II.

Question 25

In the English Reformation,

A) the monastic orders expanded their landholdings and increased church taxes.
B) the number of English Catholics significantly increased.
C) Henry VIII proclaimed himself the "only Supreme Head" of the Church of England.
D) the Pope appointed Henry VIII his agent in England.
E) Non-Separatists openly broke with Calvinism.

Question 26

The staple export of South Carolina after 1690 was

A) tobacco.
B) wheat.
C) cotton.
D) rice.
E) sugar.

Question 27

Under the headright system,

A) a colonist received fifty acres of land for every person for whom he paid passage to Virginia.
B) a head tax was levied on every adult man and woman in the colonies.
C) only the gentleman class could own land in Virginia.
D) the Virginia economy successfully diversified.
E) a tax was levied for each slave brought into the colony.

Question 28

John Smith is noted for helping to stabilize Jamestown by

A) encouraging the London Company to increase its financial investment in the colony.
B) forcing the colonists to work.
C) marrying the Indian princess Pocahontas.
D) developing its gold and silver production.
E) introducing the production of tobacco to Virginia.

Question 29

Anne Hutchinson was

A) accused of being a witch in the Salem witchcraft trials.
B) expelled from Massachusetts for claiming that she communicated directly with God.
C) the wife of the first royal governor of Massachusetts.
D) the first English woman brought to Massachusetts as an indentured servant.
E) the first notable poet in New England.

Question 30

The most important crop in the West Indies was

A) rice.
B) sugar.
C) tobacco.
D) wheat.
E) rum.

Question 31

All of the following were problems faced by the early settlers of Jamestown except that

A) there were not enough specialized craftsmen in the colony.
B) the colony was located in a malaria- and typhoid-infested area.
C) the colonists often faced starvation due to lack of supplies and lack of farming skills.
D) local Indians were unpredictable and often hostile toward the colonists.
E) after John Smith returned to England, the colony lacked firm leadership.

Question 32

Sir Francis Drake was

A) the leader of the English Reformation.
B) an English explorer who led an expedition to locate the "Northwest Passage."
C) the Italian mapmaker for whom the continents of the Western Hemisphere were named.
D) the founder of the Jamestown colony.
E) an English pirate who raided Spanish possessions along the Pacific coast.

Question 33

The colony of New York

A) attracted thousands of English colonists because of its democratic local government.
B) was established by a charter written by John Locke.
C) was influenced by Dutch laws and practices well into the eighteenth century.
D) was founded by Quakers escaping from religious persecution in England.
E) saw Fort Orange renamed New York City.

Question 34

The Massachusetts Bay Colony

A) had original settlers who were mostly prosperous merchants.
B) rejected joint-stock company involvement.
C) had long-term difficulties in attracting settlers.
D) saw the local congregation become the first institution to develop.
E) suffered few deaths of its settlers in its first year.

Question 35

The author of Oceana was

A) James Harrington.
B) John Milton.
C) Niccolo Machiavelli.
D) King James II.
E) Bishop de las Casas.

Question 36

Quakers were persecuted because they

A) believed in the absolute authority of a trained minister over the congregation.
B) rejected pacifism.
C) believed that God dwelt within each individual in the form of an Inner Light.
D) called for an immediate abolition of slavery in the seventeenth century.
E) required oath-taking as a condition to join the church.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of slavery in the English colonies?

A) By the time of the American Revolution, most colonies had outlawed slavery.
B) Most of the slaves in North America lived in the New England colonies.
C) The Dutch first brought slaves to the Virginia colony in 1619.
D) Since slavery was common in England, it also was a basic feature of all the colonies.
E) Only South Carolina had established slavery at the time of the American Revolution.

Question 38

The most important crop to Virginia was

A) tobacco.
B) rice.
C) cotton.
D) sugar.
E) indigo.

Question 39

The Dutch Republic and its North American colonies

A) encouraged the ambitions of the House of Orange.
B) were ruled by centralized monarchial governments.
C) promoted free trade, religious toleration, and local political control.
D) were the smallest and poorest of the European empires.
E) had the largest number of African slaves in the world.

Question 40

Early Pennsylvania also was referred to as the

A) "city upon a hill."
B) "holy experiment."
C) "city of God."
D) "holy commune."
E) "absence of sin."

Question 41

The Puritan idea that God would not punish the whole community for misdeeds of individuals stemmed from the

A) covenant of works.
B) covenant of grace.
C) church covenant.
D) national covenant.
E) Bible.

Question 42

The predominant motive for Dutch expansion was

A) missionary activity.
B) national glory.
C) profit.
D) spreading democracy.
E) "civilizing" Native Americans.

Question 43

Of the 13,000 settlers who went to New England by 1641, ____ were families.

A) none
B) few
C) most
D) all
E) half

Question 44

Henry Hudson sailed for

A) the Netherlands.
B) France.
C) England.
D) Portugal.
E) Italy.

Question 45

Women had almost equal status with men in Quaker families.

Question 46

The last of the original thirteen colonies to be founded was

A) North Carolina.
B) South Carolina.
C) New Hampshire.
D) Georgia.
E) New York.

Question 47

Most of the colonists who sailed to England's North American colonies were young, unmarried men.

Question 48

Among the Quakers hanged by Massachusetts was

A) Mary Dyer.
B) Anne Hutchinson.
C) Samuel Gorton.
D) Henry Dinster.
E) John Winthrop.

Question 49

The Protestants in the New World treated the Indians more humanely than did the Catholics.

Question 50

Which of the following is not true of the society envisioned in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina?

A) Religious toleration was guaranteed.
B) Slavery was prohibited.
C) Nobles would control 40 percent of the land.
D) Citizenship depended on church membership.
E) A class of lowly whites would live on small tracts of land and serve their landlords.

Question 51

Settlers were attracted to Pennsylvania in large numbers because of

A) liberal land grants.
B) religious toleration.
C) the democratically elected assembly.
D) liberal legal code and protection of rights
E) all of these choices.

Question 52

Roger Williams and a handful of disciples founded

A) Newport.
B) Portsmouth.
C) Providence.
D) New Haven.
E) Canada.

Question 53

The person most responsible for the development of tobacco as a cash crop in Virginia was John Rolfe.

Question 54

Before becoming Lord Protector of England, Oliver Cromwell gained fame as a

A) member of the House of Lords.
B) member of the House of Commons.
C) military commander.
D) religious leader.
E) judge.

Question 55

By 1645, the primary crop of Barbados was

A) cotton.
B) sugar.
C) tobacco.
D) hemp.
E) rice.

Question 56

Women far outnumbered men in early Virginia.

Question 57

William Penn's constitution for Pennsylvania was called the

A) Plan of Government.
B) Fundamental Governing Law.
C) First Frame of Government.
D) Governmental Outline.
E) Bill of Rights.

Question 58

The Puritans attempted to "purify" the Catholic Church.

Question 59

Quakers saw children as tiny sinners and practiced harsh discipline.

Question 60

Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay because of her religious beliefs.

Question 61

William Penn received his Pennsylvania grant in payment of a debt owed by Charles II to his father.

Question 62

Before 1700, far more Englishmen went to the West Indies than the Chesapeake.

Question 63

The New York Charter of Liberties imposed Dutch law, without consent, on the English parts of the province.

Question 64

The Baptists posed the greatest alarm for the Puritan establishment.

Question 65

New Netherland was the most religiously and ethnically diverse of the seventeenth-century North American colonies.

Question 66

Among the early Chesapeake immigrants, about 70 percent of the men never married or, if they did, had no children.

Question 67

Samuel de Champlain succeeded in uniting Catholics and Protestants in New France in mutual harmony.

Question 68

Most that came to New England were middle class.

Question 69

The founders of Connecticut were concerned about the position of Massachusetts clergy, such as Joseph Cotton, on the conversion experience.

Question 70

By the early 1700s, racial caste was replacing opportunity as the organizing principle of Chesapeake society.

Question 71

The Church of England became Catholic in doctrine and theology but remained largely Calvinist in structure, liturgy, and ritual.

Question 72

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina sought to create an ideal aristocratic society.

Question 73

The French Jesuit missionaries were unique in that they believed in converting the Indians to Christianity without interfering with tribal customs.

Question 74

The term Yankee is derived from an Indian word meaning foreigner.

Question 75

For most of the seventeenth century, the Dutch were more active overseas than the French.

Question 76

Many Quaker families in Pennsylvania enjoyed economic success.

Question 77

The church tithe in New France was higher than in France itself.

Question 78

Slaves took the place of indentured servants toward the end of the 1600s.

Question 79

Jesuits did not believe that Indians had to be Europeanized before they could be Christianized.

Question 80

Early Pennsylvanians fought often with their Indian neighbors.