Deck 17: Reconstruction, 1863-1877

Question 1

The election of 1868

A) witnessed a referendum on the reconstruction policy of the Republicans.
B) saw the re-emergence of a powerful Democratic Party in the North.
C) brought about the "end of Reconstruction."
D) witnessed the election of southerners to important congressional positions.
E) proved that black suffrage made no difference in the outcome of elections.

Answer 1

witnessed a referendum on the reconstruction policy of the Republicans.

Question 2

Ulysses S.Grant was guilty of

A) standing in the way of congressional Reconstruction.
B) participation in the "Whiskey Ring."
C) unwise appointments of public officials.
D) lying to Congress.
E) treason.

Answer 2

unwise appointments of public officials.

Question 3

All of the following were part of the Fourteenth Amendment except it

A) gave all citizens equal protection of the law.
B) funded the Confederate war debt.
C) created a constitutional definition of citizenship.
D) gave Congress broad powers to enforce the amendment.
E) provided for equal protection under the law.

Answer 3

funded the Confederate war debt.

Question 4

Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as

A) traitors to their home region.
B) noble and idealistic "modernizers" to the region's social structure.
C) agents of an army of occupation.
D) incorruptible in political affairs.
E) supporters of white supremacy.

Question 5

The Tenure of Office Act

A) angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two years.
B) stated that a president could only hold office while in good standing.
C) required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet member.
D) was designed to implement the spoils system.
E) limited the president to two terms in office.

Question 6

Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?

A) removal of federal troops from southern states
B) appointment of a southern vice president
C) federal aid for a southern railroad
D) federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed levees
E) appointment of a southern postmaster general

Question 7

Scalawags were

A) northerners who attempted to finance economic enterprises in the postwar South.
B) southern blacks attempting to exert their newly acquired political power.
C) white, southern-born Republicans.
D) white southerners who opposed reconstruction policies.
E) criminals who stole public funds during Reconstruction.

Question 8

The 1871 Treaty of Washington

A) resolved border disputes between the United States and Canada.
B) was a diplomatic solution to the unsuccessful attempt to annex Santo Domingo.
C) settled U.S.claims against Britain for destruction of American shipping.
D) resolved differences between the Confederacy and the Union.
E) secured title to western lands from Native Americans.

Question 9

The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was

A) because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was president.
B) the first time a president was forced to resign.
C) in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstruction.
D) because of his failure to appoint a vice president.
E) because of his affair with an office worker.

Question 10

The idea of redistributing plantation land to freedmen was tried first by

A) Jefferson Davis.
B) Benjamin Wade.
C) William T.Sherman.
D) Andrew Johnson.
E) Abraham Lincoln.

Question 11

____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans and the Democratic Party in the election of 1872.

A) Horatio Seymour
B) Samuel B.Tilden
C) Ulysses S.Grant
D) Horace Greeley
E) Rutherford Hayes

Question 12

The election of 1866 revealed

A) strong support for Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans.
B) the emergence of white "backlash" in the South.
C) the increasing popularity of the Republican Party among southern whites.
D) the increasing popularity of the Democratic Party.
E) the belief among northerners that much more needed to be done to reconstruct the South.

Question 13

By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly

A) supportive of the government's efforts to restructure the South.
B) convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governments.
C) weary of the turmoil of southern politics.
D) weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the South.
E) supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the South.

Question 14

All of the following statements regarding the Fifteenth Amendment are true except it

A) prohibited states from denying the right to vote on grounds of race or color.
B) was popular among northern women.
C) encountered much resistance in the white South.
D) was part of the congressional reconstruction plan.
E) was required by Congress that southern states ratify it.

Question 15

The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following except

A) intimidate black voters.
B) force all southern whites to join the Democratic Party.
C) end Republican rule in the South.
D) return confiscated land to former owners.
E) use economic coercion to control election outcomes.

Question 16

Ulysses S.Grant depended on which group for his presidential victory in 1868?

A) northern Democrats
B) southern Democrats
C) African Americans
D) National Union Party members
E) immigrants from Europe

Question 17

One of the major political scandals of the Grant presidency involved

A) the Compromise of 1877.
B) the black codes.
C) the Central Pacific Railroad.
D) the Specie Resumption Act.
E) Credit Mobilier.

Question 18

The main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

A) oversee relations between former masters and slaves.
B) implement the process of land redistribution.
C) deny access to legal redress for white southerners.
D) punish former slave holders.
E) get the Fourteenth Amendment passed.

Question 19

The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to

A) destroy the Republican Party in the South.
B) deny freedmen equal protection under the law.
C) return black Americans to slavery.
D) dismantle the Democratic Party.
E) take the South out of the Union.

Question 20

The "black codes"

A) restricted emigration of freedmen to the North.
B) provided political and social opportunities unknown under slavery.
C) reduced freedmen to a condition close to slavery.
D) were passed by the northern states.
E) prevented blacks from migrating to the West.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of black political activity during Reconstruction?

A) Most black voters were illiterate ex-slaves.
B) More than 50 percent of high state and federal offices were held by blacks.
C) Prominent black leaders were educated and most had been free prior to the Civil War.
D) A majority of black voters were members of the Republican Party.
E) Blacks served in both the US House of Representatives and the Senate.

Question 22

The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following except

A) define blacks as American citizens.
B) grant equal protection of the laws.
C) guarantee the Confederate debt.
D) disqualify a significant number of ex-Confederates from holding federal or state office.
E) grant due process under the law.

Question 23

Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor system?

A) Black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slavery.
B) The new system of sharecropping evolved.
C) Foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborers.
D) Most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters.
E) The economy quickly recovered from the ravages of war.

Question 24

The new state constitutions drawn up in the South from 1867 to 1868

A) specifically prohibited segregated public schools.
B) were created in conventions dominated by northern black delegates.
C) included universal male suffrage.
D) were too conservative for liberal southern voters.
E) were not influenced by Republicans.

Question 25

Andrew Johnson was all of the following except

A) a southern Democrat.
B) the only senator from a Confederate state who did not support the Confederacy.
C) a supporter of yeoman farmers.
D) a white supremacist.
E) a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy.

Question 26

Grant is generally considered

A) a failure as president.
B) an unsuccessful general.
C) a president with an unblemished record.
D) a very active president.
E) our smartest president.

Question 27

Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following except

A) border state Unionists.
B) freedmen.
C) Democrats.
D) conservative Republicans.
E) white supremacists.

Question 28

In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S.Supreme Court

A) strengthened the authority of federal officials in prosecuting individuals who violated the civil rights of blacks.
B) declared the military occupation of the South unconstitutional.
C) banned racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations.
D) ordered the desegregation of public schools in the South.
E) declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.

Question 29

In regard to civil rights, the Fourteenth Amendment

A) greatly expanded the federal government's powers and limited the authority of state governments.
B) extended citizenship to Native Americans (Indians).
C) reduced constitutional protection of minority rights.
D) limited the power of the federal government and expanded the authority of state governments.
E) gave blacks the right to vote.

Question 30

Radical Republicans objected to Lincoln's initial Reconstruction plan because it

A) offered a presidential pardon to former Confederate political and military leaders.
B) did not require the establishment of educational opportunities for freed people.
C) restored the political rights of white men who had fought against the Union.
D) was too difficult to enforce.
E) gave too many rights to freedmen.

Question 31

During the Reconstruction period

A) thousands of ex-Confederate leaders were tried, imprisoned, and executed for war crimes.
B) each adult freedman was given "forty acres and a mule."
C) three-fourths of the ex-slaves moved north to take advantage of higher wages there.
D) the illiteracy rate among southern blacks was reduced significantly.
E) most of the ex-slaves moved west.

Question 32

The ones pushing for more reforms in the South in favor of African Americans were the

A) Radical Republicans.
B) Victory Party.
C) Southern Democrats.
D) Peace Party.
E) Whigs.

Question 33

The term "bayonet rule" refers to

A) the use of threats and intimidation to prevent blacks from voting.
B) a requirement that all U.S.Army officers carry a bayonet while on guard duty.
C) the use of federal troops to support Republican state governments and black rights in the South.
D) civil rights leaders' call for mass arrests of Ku Klux Klan members.
E) the methods used by white southerners to regain control of their state governments.

Question 34

Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?

A) The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.
B) All the Republican senators voted for conviction.
C) A three-fourths majority in both Houses was required to remove Johnson from office.
D) The vote against him was unanimous.
E) Johnson voluntarily resigned before he could be removed.

Question 35

Members of Abraham Lincoln's own party opposed his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction because

A) it promised too much financial compensation to former Confederates.
B) it didn't go far enough to force the Confederacy to pay its debts.
C) it granted too much land to freed people
D) it left the door open to restrictive Southern measures to control former slaves.
E) it punished former Confederates too harshly.

Question 36

The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to

A) prevent blacks from voting.
B) revive slavery.
C) kill blacks.
D) destroy the Republican Party.
E) force the withdrawal of federal troop from the South.

Question 37

The Compromise of 1877 signified

A) a renewal of federal support for the civil rights of all Americans.
B) the end of Reconstruction.
C) the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.
D) the decline of Democratic Party control of Congress.
E) the end of the spoils system.

Question 38

Northern Republicans rejected the southern state governments set up under the Johnson Plan because they

A) elected ex-Confederate leaders to political office.
B) jeopardized Republican control of Congress.
C) did not offer full citizenship rights to freedmen.
D) did not control the violence.
E) all of these choices

Question 39

Ulysses S.Grant's presidency is known as an era of

A) honesty and integrity of both state and federal officeholders.
B) military efficiency and discipline in the executive branch of the government.
C) mutual understanding between North and South, Democrats and Republicans, whites and blacks.
D) renewal of civil war.
E) scandal and corruption at all levels of government.

Question 40

The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and

A) Georgia.
B) Louisiana.
C) South Carolina.
D) Virginia.
E) Texas.

Question 41

Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states during Reconstruction.

Question 42

Almost all of the blacks elected to the United States House and Senate during Reconstruction

A) were illiterate.
B) had attended secondary school.
C) were college graduates.
D) were Democrats.
E) had fought for the Confederacy.

Question 43

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gave states the option of enfranchising black males or losing seats in Congress.

Question 44

The Ku Klux Klan was created by former Confederate soldiers.

Question 45

All the following statements regarding carpetbaggers are true except

A) they often brought considerable capital with them in hopes of investing in a New South.
B) most were Union Army officers.
C) few were college graduates.
D) they sought to modernize the South's social structure and democratize its politics.
E) they hoped to establish the Republican Party in the South.

Question 46

The majority of southern Republican voters were

A) wealthy planters.
B) poor whites.
C) blacks.
D) women.
E) Native Americans.

Question 47

Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following except

A) empower the president to send in federal troops to suppress armed resistance to federal law.
B) declare that any attempt to deprive another person of civil or political rights became a felony.
C) classify interference with voting rights a federal offense.
D) authorize martial law to guarantee racial harmony.
E) give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.

Question 48

At the height of Reconstruction, blacks held ____ percent of public offices.

A) 15-20
B) 25-30
C) 35-40
D) 45-50
E) 90-95

Question 49

In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant

A) sent in federal troops.
B) withdrew troops from the South.
C) decided not to run for a third term.
D) encouraged the southern states to create their own militia units.
E) organized black militia units.

Question 50

The Wade-Davis Bill granted the franchise to black Americans.

Question 51

Carpetbaggers were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.

Question 52

The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory under military command.

Question 53

The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the following?

A) Mississippi
B) Alabama
C) Louisiana
D) Arkansas
E) Texas

Question 54

Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks the right to vote.

Question 55

The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was

A) housing.
B) lynching.
C) segregation.
D) civil rights.
E) voting.

Question 56

Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.

Question 57

The Panic of 1873 was primarily caused by which industry?

A) mining
B) railroad
C) steel
D) textile
E) cotton

Question 58

Samuel Tilden was probably the real victor in the disputed election of 1876.

Question 59

Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of 1876 hurt Republican candidate Rutherford B.Hayes.

Question 60

The President could use federal troops to suppress resistance to federal law through the

A) Tenure of Office Act.
B) Civil Rights Act.
C) Voting Rights Act.
D) Force Act.
E) Ku Klux Klan Act.

Question 61

Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be "readmitted" to the union.

Question 62

The Fourteenth Amendment encouraged southern states to enfranchise blacks but did not force them to do so.

Question 63

The chief target of civil service reform was the spoils system.

Question 64

The Fourteenth Amendment dealt only with awarding the franchise to African Americans.

Question 65

The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.

Question 66

White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it was inefficient.

Question 67

Under the U.S.Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official from office.

Question 68

Both major political party presidential candidates in 1876 were reformist governors.

Question 69

Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.

Question 70

Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 71

Andrew Johnson was impeached on terms that he violated the Tenure of Office Act.

Question 72

None of the postwar Southern state governments opposed the abolition of slavery.

Question 73

The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.

Question 74

Abraham Lincoln never encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black countries like Haiti.

Question 75

Radical Republicans in Congress initially believed that Andrew Johnson would support their program.

Question 76

Some black farmers were able to buy small plots of land.

Question 77

The Crédit Mobilier Affair represents Grant's commitment to punishing corruption.

Question 78

One of Grant's major problems as president was that he put too much trust in people under him.

Question 79

Andrew Johnson got along well with Congress.

Question 80

Abraham Lincoln vetoed the Wade-Davis bill after he had won reelection.