Deck 18: A Transformed Nation: the West and the New South, 1865-1900

Question 1

All of the following statements regarding race relations during the New South period are true except

A) Forty percent of the workers were women.
B) Mill owners provided segregated work areas.
C) Most southern blacks lived as tenant farmers or sharecroppers.
D) An African American middle class was formed.
E) Lynching and racial violence declined significantly.

Answer 1

Lynching and racial violence declined significantly.

Question 2

The five "civilized tribes"

A) sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War.
B) were nomadic hunters who followed the buffalo across the plains.
C) were the first organized group to openly oppose slavery in the United States.
D) received millions of additional acres of land from the federal government in the 1860s.
E) moved to Mexico after the Civil War.

Answer 2

sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War.

Question 3

The social and political condition of Mexican Americans during the course of the nineteenth century

A) improved slightly.
B) declined.
C) remained the same.
D) improved significantly.
E) caused most to leave the country.

Answer 3

declined.

Question 4

The biggest boost to the cattle industry in the late nineteenth century was the

A) breeding of longhorn cattle.
B) movement of the railroad westward.
C) arrival of the cowboy.
D) decline of open-range grazing.
E) the invention of barbed wire.

Question 5

In the mining frontier,

A) the largest and most profitable mines were owned by large mining corporations.
B) small independent miners controlled production and set prices.
C) labor/management relations were peaceful due to high pay and industry profits.
D) environmental concerns prevented the use of wasteful and destructive technologies.
E) Native Americans supplied most of the labor force.

Question 6

"Jim Crow" laws

A) disenfranchised black Americans.
B) extended the naturalization period for foreigners.
C) prevented women from voting.
D) mandated labor unions.
E) mandated racial segregation in public facilities.

Question 7

The Dawes Severalty Act

A) protected tribal ownership of land and separate nation status.
B) offered each Indian head of family 160 acres of farmland or 320 acres of grazing land.
C) resulted in the addition of millions of acres to tribal holdings.
D) only affected the five "civilized tribes."
E) led to the revival of traditional cultures.

Question 8

The economy of the "New South" was colonial in that

A) it had not changed since the colonial period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
B) it depended on raw materials imported from Caribbean colonies.
C) many major industries were financed and controlled by northern businessmen.
D) southern leaders invested more capital in agriculture than in manufacturing.
E) European investors controlled much of the land and the industry.

Question 9

The Supreme Court case Plessy v.Ferguson stated that

A) the right of blacks to vote was not constitutionally protected.
B) black Americans could be prevented from running for office.
C) Jim Crow laws were illegal.
D) black and white Americans could be segregated by race, but must be supplied with equal facilities.
E) the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to private acts of discrimination.

Question 10

Most cowboys in the Old West were

A) men who led solitary lives marked by personal freedom.
B) gunfighters who rode oversized horses.
C) laborers who worked for industrial corporations.
D) similar to the handsome romantic heroes depicted in western movies.
E) black, Indian, and Mexican American.

Question 11

The last battle between the U.S.Army and American Indians, often recognized symbolically as the death of Plains Indian culture, was fought at

A) Little Big Horn.
B) Sand Creek.
C) Wounded Knee.
D) Big Creek.
E) Pine Ridge.

Question 12

All of the following statements regarding homesteading on the Great Plains are false except

A) most homes were simple wooden cabins made out of oak or pine.
B) the northern Plains were heavily populated by foreign-born residents.
C) Plains communities were notable in their lack of ethnic diversity.
D) most immigrants who settled there were from southern Italy and Russia.
E) the largest segment of settlers came from the American South.

Question 13

By the 1870s, the highest production of gold came from which method of mining?

A) picks
B) hydraulic mining
C) tin pans
D) shovels
E) dynamite

Question 14

The "Ghost Dance" was

A) a religious movement that promised the destruction of the white man and the return of Indian land.
B) a Halloween celebration popular among Czech and German immigrants on the plains.
C) the only Indian cultural activity permitted by Indian agents on the reservations in the 1890s.
D) introduced by Christian missionaries as a means of undermining pagan rituals.
E) a funeral ritual practiced by the Pueblo Indians.

Question 15

Chinese immigrants were subjected to all of the following discriminatory measures except

A) Forbidden to walk on the sidewalk
B) Hair length restrictions
C) Denied the ability to create communities
D) Not allowed to testify in court
E) Denied right to own land

Question 16

The opponent of Winfield Scott Hancock in the 1880 presidential election was

A) James G.Blaine.
B) Rutherford B.Hayes.
C) Chester Arthur.
D) James Garfield.
E) William Jennings Bryan.

Question 17

By 1890, the Sioux and other reservation Indians

A) were rapidly adapting to a capitalist, agrarian lifestyle.
B) had achieved full U.S.citizenship and equal rights.
C) were reduced to lives of poverty, depression, and alcoholism.
D) were profiting from the discovery of oil on their ancestral lands.
E) were working in large numbers for the mining industry.

Question 18

In the post-Civil War period, the Spanish speaking peoples of the Southwest and California

A) preserved many of their distinctive traditions.
B) were increasingly confined to city barrios.
C) lost much of their political influence.
D) were forced out of the gold fields.
E) all of these choices

Question 19

In the fight for equal rights, black leader Booker T.Washington adopted a strategy that emphasized

A) segregation.
B) political equality and freedoms.
C) self-help and education.
D) government assistance to blacks.
E) violent resistance.

Question 20

All of the following statements regarding the Chinese in California are true except they

A) were overwhelmingly male.
B) were unable to develop communities owing to a shortage of women.
C) were actively recruited to come to the region as laborers.
D) were subject to the Foreign Miners' Tax.
E) received less pay than white workers.

Question 21

President Grant's "Peace Policy" toward the Indians

A) called for the extermination of the wild tribes.
B) continued the tradition of dealing with Indian tribes as "separate nations."
C) encouraged Indians to accept civilization, Christianity, and citizenship.
D) offered the peaceful relocation of willing Indians to remote areas in Canada and Alaska.
E) vastly expanded Indian land holdings.

Question 22

According to Frederick Jackson Turner, American character and culture were primarily influenced by

A) the Spanish and the French traditions.
B) the development of civilized cities and towns.
C) the spread of the plantation system.
D) the existence of the frontier and the westward movement.
E) war.

Question 23

Most laborers in the west

A) were cowboys.
B) were miners.
C) worked for one company all their lives.
D) made a lot of money.
E) were itinerant and temporary.

Question 24

The first immigration restriction legislation in the U.S.was directed toward

A) Chinese migration.
B) Irish migration.
C) Japanese migration.
D) German migration.
E) Italian migration.

Question 25

By the 1890s, southern farmers were importing nearly ____ of their food.

A) one-half
B) one-quarter
C) two-thirds
D) two-fifths
E) nine-tenths

Question 26

The McKinley Tariff of 1890

A) established the first income tax.
B) had a reform measure that reduced the price of American manufactured products.
C) was vetoed by President Benjamin Harrison.
D) was responsible for the decisive Republican victory in the election of 1892.
E) had a protective tax that raised import duties to an average of 50 percent.

Question 27

Charles Guiteau is noted as the

A) paranoid schizophrenic who assassinated James A.Garfield.
B) Mugwump leader who ran as the vice presidential candidate in 1892.
C) congressman who led the civil-service reform movement.
D) major northern Democratic leader of the 1880s.
E) a writer whose work inspired significant reforms in the Gilded Age.

Question 28

The "Battle" of Wounded Knee

A) was the worst defeat in the history of the U.S.Army.
B) was a shoot out between sheep herders and cattlemen in Wyoming.
C) revitalized Plains Indian culture.
D) symbolized the death of the Plains Indians' way of life.
E) defeated the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico.

Question 29

The most environmentally destructive type of mining in California's gold rush was

A) strip.
B) placer.
C) pan.
D) stamping.
E) hydraulic.

Question 30

Most of the New South's iron and steel industry was concentrated in

A) central Georgia.
B) northern Alabama.
C) southern Mississippi.
D) eastern Tennessee.
E) Texas

Question 31

The postwar boom in the range cattle industry began in which of the following?

A) Kansas
B) western Missouri
C) southern Texas
D) eastern Oklahoma
E) Nebraska

Question 32

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, presidential elections were

A) all won by Republicans.
B) so close they were usually determined by one percent of the popular vote.
C) dominated by issues related to Reconstruction.
D) won only by candidates who had fought for the Union in the Civil War.
E) all of these choices

Question 33

In 1890, the Bureau of Census announced that

A) sixty percent of the U.S.population lived west of the Mississippi River.
B) a majority of Americans were foreign born.
C) the frontier which had separated the settled from unsettled areas of the continent, no longer existed.
D) the number of immigrants coming to the United States was at the lowest point in history.
E) most Americans now lived in urban areas rather than on farms.

Question 34

Ida Wells was an advocate for

A) copper miners.
B) Chinese women in California.
C) southern blacks.
D) civil reform in government.
E) Mexican Americans.

Question 35

The borderland communities way for life was dramatically changed by

A) the Mexican War.
B) cattle grazing.
C) the end of the Civil War.
D) the coming of railroads.
E) statehood for California.

Question 36

The U.S.Army encouraged the slaughter of millions of buffalo

A) because the buffalo limited the grazing range for cattle.
B) in order to feed hungry industrial workers in the North.
C) to stop the spread of disease among cattle herds in the Plains.
D) because the great herds interfered with the building of the transcontinental railroad.
E) in order to weaken the Plains Indians by depriving them of their source of food, clothing, and shelter.

Question 37

The Cheyenne at Sand Creek were led by

A) Black Kettle.
B) Sitting Bull.
C) Chief Joseph.
D) Little Crow.
E) John Brown.

Question 38

Post-Civil War relations between Anglos and Mexican Americans in Texas were characterized by

A) cooperation and friendliness.
B) intimidation and hostility.
C) mass deportations to Mexico.
D) mutual respect and admiration.
E) constant warfare.

Question 39

All of the following statements regarding women in the West are true except

A) unmarried women could not own land under the Homestead Act.
B) in 1860, more than 85 percent of Chinese women in San Francisco were prostitutes.
C) women were less than 10 percent of the population in the California gold rush.
D) western states were the first the grant suffrage to women.
E) gender arrangements differed in the west compared to other regions.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the Mugwumps, Stalwarts, and Half-Breeds?

A) They were conflicting groups within the Democratic Party.
B) Both the Mugwumps and Half-Breeds supported reforms while the Stalwarts opposed reform.
C) Only the Stalwarts advocated civil-service reform.
D) All three groups favored extension of the spoils system.
E) They were three fledging political parties who supported "clean" politics.

Question 41

Southern cotton mills had a competitive advantage over northern mills because of

A) cheap energy sources.
B) cheap labor, made up mostly of former slaves.
C) cheap labor, made up mostly of poor native southern whites.
D) cheap labor, made up mostly of immigrants.
E) better weather conditions.

Question 42

Between 1865 and 1900 the white population in the trans-Mississippi west increased

A) 90 percent.
B) 200 percent.
C) 300 percent
D) 400 percent.
E) 800 percent.

Question 43

The writings of Thomas Nelson Page

A) dealt realistically with the problems of southern society.
B) were not read outside the South.
C) criticized lynching.
D) encouraged a diversified economy in the New South.
E) romanticized plantation society of the Old South.

Question 44

The basic institution of the southern rural economy after the Civil War was the "crop lien system."

Question 45

In the years following the Civil War the southern agricultural economy

A) depended on food production.
B) depended on the crop lien system.
C) recovered quickly from the devastation of the war years.
D) received extensive government subsidies.
E) depended on investments from England and Europe.

Question 46

During the Civil War, many major American Indian tribes signed treaties of alliance with the Confederacy.

Question 47

Most Chinese immigrants to California did not intend on staying there permanently.

Question 48

Since most Plains Indian cultures traditionally included an economy based on individually owned farms, tribal members quickly adapted to reservation life.

Question 49

Open-range grazing declined in the West because

A) the range had become overstocked.
B) record cold killed thousands of free range cattle.
C) scientific breeding proved more profitable.
D) ranchers began fencing their land.
E) all of these choices.

Question 50

Itinerant and ethnically diverse labor was common in the west.

Question 51

The Spanish brought the first cattle into Texas in the 1700s.

Question 52

Very few longhorns made it up the Chisholm Trail.

Question 53

During the 1890s, the American West was the scene of many "wars" between farmers and large ranchers.

Question 54

Longhorn cattle were introduced in southern Texas by

A) German farmers.
B) the Spaniards.
C) Anglo ranchers.
D) the Indians.
E) Canadians.

Question 55

The goal of the Indian schools was

A) assimilation into American culture.
B) research into Native American culture.
C) the preservation of Native American language.
D) training of Native Americans to factory work.
E) teaching Native Americans how to vote.

Question 56

By the end of the 19th century, which industry was not growing in the South?

A) cotton
B) railroads
C) iron
D) meat packing
E) tobacco

Question 57

The Battle of Little Bighorn in which George A.Custer and his men were killed occurred after

A) whites had entered the sacred Black Hills seeking gold.
B) the U.S.army had massacred the Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee.
C) Custer had insulted the Sioux chief.
D) the Sioux had been confined to a reservation in Dakota territory.
E) the army had carried out mass executions of Indian prisoners of war.

Question 58

The Great Plains had enough rainfall to accommodate the new settlements in the 1870s and 1880s.

Question 59

The Mugwumps were small in number but large in influence.

Question 60

Texas Rangers

A) protected Mexican American land claims in Texas.
B) often acted as vigilantes for Anglos in retaliating against Mexican Americans.
C) always enforced the law impartially.
D) protected Mexican Americans' right to vote.
E) protected the rights of blacks in Texas.

Question 61

In Williams v.Mississippi, the U.S.Supreme Court outlawed the use of literacy and property qualifications to limit voting rights.

Question 62

Booker T.Washington encouraged black Americans to accept permanent second-class citizenship.

Question 63

Southern cotton production after the Civil War was so plentiful, prices for it declined tremendously.

Question 64

Ida B.Wells was a southern black journalist who carried on an extensive campaign against lynching.

Question 65

Wages in southern cotton mills were roughly the same as those in northern mills.

Question 66

In 1867, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads employed workforces that were almost 90 percent Chinese.

Question 67

Cattle drives grew longer as railroads inched forward.

Question 68

Fredrick Jackson Turner's thesis included an early call for environmental protection of the west.

Question 69

The Republican Party disappeared from the South after 1877.

Question 70

Mexican Americans for the most part, did not lose land to American settlers.

Question 71

Miners went on strike in 1892.

Question 72

Southern cotton output doubled between 1878 and 1898.

Question 73

The coming of the railroads opened a new era of prosperity for the borderland communities.

Question 74

The Pendleton Act was enacted because of strong Republican support in Congress.

Question 75

Cheyenne leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated U.S.cavalrymen at Little Big Horn in July 1876.

Question 76

Republicans won the presidency and gained control of both houses of Congress in 1888.

Question 77

When he won the election of 1884, Grover Cleveland became the first Democrat to be elected in 28 years.

Question 78

Most Americans could not afford to participate in the Homestead Act.

Question 79

In the late 1870s, thousands of southern blacks were encouraged to move west to Kansas.

Question 80

By the last half of the 19th century, eastern Texas was mostly Anglo.