Deck 8: Development Across the Life Span

Question 1

The embryonic period is the period during which __________.

A) the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
B) the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
C) the umbilical cord develops
D) tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional

Answer 1

the major organs and structures of the organism first develop

Question 2

__________ develop when two eggs each get fertilized by different sperm cells, resulting in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time.

A) Monozygotic twins
B) Identical twins
C) Dizygotic twins
D) Wombmates

Answer 2

Dizygotic twins

Question 3

__________ refers to the period of 5 to 10 years during which a woman's reproductive system begins to decline.

A) The climacteric
B) Perimenopause
C) Menopause
D) Postmenopause

Answer 3

Perimenopause

Question 4

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) industry versus inferiority
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 5

The growth spurt for boys typically begins at age __________.

A) 9
B) 10
C) 12
D) 15

Question 6

The correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postulated by Kübler-Ross is __________.

A) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
B) denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, and depression
C) anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance, and depression
D) anger, denial, bargaining, depression, and acceptance Chapter 8 - Quick Quiz 2

Question 7

Which of the following is defined as a gene that controls the expression of a certain trait?

A) recessive
B) mutated
C) recombinant
D) dominant

Question 8

In a __________ design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.

A) cohort
B) longitudinal
C) behavior genetics
D) cross-sectional

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE of the original research that suggested a relationship between the MMR vaccine and the development of autism?

A) It was conducted in a cooperative study in France, Iceland, and the Netherlands.
B) It was based on data collected from a very large sample of children.
C) It has been successfully replicated repeatedly, providing evidence for its validity.
D) It was based on falsified data.

Question 10

The theory of adjustment to aging that assumes older people are happier if they remain active in some way, such as volunteering or developing a hobby, is called __________ theory.

A) activity
B) wear-and-tear
C) disengagement
D) cellular-clock

Question 11

The period of life from about age 13 to the early 20s, during which a young person is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, self-supporting adult, is called __________.

A) adolescence
B) tweens
C) young adulthood
D) puberty

Question 12

According to Thomas and Chess, a child who is very irregular in sleeping and eating, resists change, and tends to be loud is labeled a(n) __________ child.

A) easy
B) difficult
C) slow-to-warm-up
D) negative

Question 13

Piaget's term for the knowledge that an object exists even when it is out of sight is __________.

A) conservation
B) object permanence
C) centration
D) egocentrism

Question 14

A(n) __________ is a section of DNA containing a sequence of amines.

A) compound
B) gene
C) chromosome
D) amine

Question 15

According to Erikson, __________ is an emotional and psychological closeness that is based on the ability to trust, share, and care while still maintaining one's sense of self.

A) bonding
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) attraction

Question 16

Maya and Malik are expecting their first baby. Before the baby arrives, they want to fix up the nursery with new wallpaper. They seek the advice of a developmental psychologist. What is she likely to tell them?

A) Newborns prefer to look at complex three-dimensional patterns rather than simple one-dimensional ones.
B) Newborns prefer to look at animals rather than people.
C) Newborns do not see well enough to make any difference.
D) Newborns prefer to look at simple one-dimensional patterns rather than complex ones.

Question 17

Infant reflexes are __________.

A) innate, involuntary behavior patterns
B) voluntary behavior patterns
C) learned
D) not used as a means for survival

Question 18

__________ refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences.

A) Nature; nurture
B) Cognition; emotion
C) Nurture; behavioral genetics
D) Cross-sectional; longitudinal

Question 19

At birth, newborns seem most responsive to __________.

A) high pitches and low pitches
B) hip-hop music
C) moderate voice pitches
D) rock and roll music

Question 20

Gabriel is 17 years old. According to Erikson, Gabriel's chief task will be acquiring a sense of __________.

A) identity
B) intimacy
C) generativity
D) autonomy

Question 21

According to several published research studies, how could individuals like Adolf Hitler or Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev commit such acts according to the "nature versus nurture" debate?

A) These individuals were born (nature) to commit such horrendous acts. It was in their genetic makeup.
B) Their behaviors are the result of the interaction of nature and nurture.
C) These individuals' behaviors were attributed to "nurture" and the influences of their parents.
D) These individuals learned to commit these behaviors after experiencing long periods of isolation, according to research studies.

Question 22

Unlike other types of research, a cross-sequential design allows researchers to __________.

A) combine longitudinal and cross-sectional research strategies
B) look for gender differences
C) reduce experimenter bias
D) only include cross-sectional strategies within the design

Question 23

The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception to death is called __________.

A) abnormal psychology
B) gerontology
C) human development
D) maturational studies

Question 24

A researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is, by definition, using a __________ design in his study.

A) cohort
B) longitudinal
C) behavior genetics
D) cross-sectional

Question 25

Which field of study tries to determine how much of behavior is the result of genetic inheritance and how much is due to a person's experiences?

A) psychobiology
B) neuropsychology
C) behavioral genetics
D) psychoanalysis

Question 26

Each of the 10 children born to Bodhi and Birdie Orangeburg has been born with red hair. Each child is also very intelligent and athletic. The Orangeburgs are expecting an 11th child, who is also likely to be born with the same traits according to __________, as evidenced in the __________.

A) nurture; nature versus nurture controversy
B) nature; nature versus nurture controversy
C) environmental factors; conception theory
D) teratogens; conception theory

Question 27

__________ refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences.

A) Nature; nurture
B) Cognition; emotion
C) Nurture; behavioral genetics
D) Cross-sectional; longitudinal

Question 28

In a __________ design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.

A) cohort
B) longitudinal
C) behavior genetics
D) cross-sectional

Question 29

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the longitudinal design?

A) Individuals of different ages are being compared to one another.
B) It is relatively inexpensive.
C) It takes a shorter amount of time than a cross-sectional design.
D) Participants may drop out due to moving, loss of interest, or death.

Question 30

The type of research design that compares various participants at several points in time to examine age-related differences and changes is called a __________ design.

A) cross-sequential
B) longitudinal
C) behavior genetics
D) cross-sectional

Question 31

Which of the following is a main disadvantage of the cross-sectional design?

A) Individuals of different ages are being compared to one another.
B) It is relatively expensive.
C) It takes a longer amount of time than a longitudinal study.
D) Participants may drop out due to moving, loss of interest, or death.

Question 32

What is the science of heredity called?

A) human development
B) genetics
C) physiology
D) gerontology

Question 33

Dr. Bashir believes that people who are very aggressive have become so because of their life experiences. Dr. Heller believes that people are more or less aggressive from birth because of genetic factors. Which of the following terms BEST describes an issue in human development that is highlighted by their disagreement?

A) nature versus nurture
B) cognition versus emotion
C) classical versus operant conditioning
D) cross-sectional studies versus longitudinal studies

Question 34

A psychologist spends her entire career studying how and why changes occur in people throughout their lives. This psychologist is most likely working in the field of __________.

A) abnormal psychology
B) gerontology
C) human development
D) maturational studies

Question 35

The local health department of a small town has hired a research firm to study the development of cancer in residents in the town due to a suspected cancer-causing agent and environmental pollution. The researchers will compare data on participants every 10 years (e.g., at ages 10, 20, 30, etc.) to see if there are increasing rates of cancer in the town. This type of research study is called a __________ design.

A) cross-sequential
B) longitudinal
C) behavior genetics
D) cross-sectional

Question 36

Professor Peña is interested in studying the development of a sense of humor. She collects data from groups of 6-year-olds, 16-year-olds, 26-year-olds, and 46-year-olds. What type of research design is Professor Peña using?

A) cohort design
B) longitudinal design
C) behavior genetics design
D) cross-sectional design

Question 37

Mateo and Tomás are identical twins. Mateo was raised by his father and mother, and Tomás was accidentally placed with another family after a mix-up at the hospital. At the age of 15, the boys ran into each other at a football game and noticed that they appeared to be mirror images of each other. After genetic testing proved that they are twins, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Mateo is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball, but he does not take school seriously and has F's in all subjects. Tomás is also athletic and intelligent and excels in baseball, and he makes straight A's as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in the two boys' academic performance based on the research?

A) nurture
B) nature
C) school district superintendent
D) teacher appraisals of performance

Question 38

Professor Ahmad is interested in studying the development of motor skills. He collects data from 200 1-year-olds and follows and assesses them for a period of 5 years. What type of research design is Professor Ahmad using?

A) cohort design
B) longitudinal design
C) behavior genetics design
D) cross-sectional design

Question 39

Professor Feinberg is interested in studying cognitive development. He collects and compares data from a group of 6-year-olds and a group of 10-year-olds. Five years later, he compares these two groups to each other again as well as to their own performance in the study five years ago. Professor Feinberg is employing a __________ design in his research.

A) cross-sequential
B) longitudinal
C) behavior genetics
D) cross-sectional

Question 40

Genetics is defined as the __________.

A) branch of biology that deals with functions such as metabolism, respiration, and reproduction, rather than with structures
B) science of inherited traits
C) study of behavior and mental processes
D) study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception until death

Question 41

Diseases carried by recessive genes are inherited when a child __________.

A) inherits two recessive genes, one from each parent
B) inherits two dominant genes, one from each parent
C) inherits a dominant gene from one parent and a recessive gene from the other parent
D) doesn't inherit any genes from one parent

Question 42

A trait controlled by a dominant gene will __________.

A) be expressed even when the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair is different
B) be expressed only if it is paired with two recessive genes
C) not be expressed if it is paired with another dominant gene
D) not be expressed when the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair is different

Question 43

A(n) __________ is a section of DNA containing a sequence of amines.

A) compound
B) gene
C) chromosome
D) amine

Question 44

Eliza was born a female with only one X chromosome on the 23rd pair. As a result, she is very short, infertile, and sexually underdeveloped. Eliza is likely to be diagnosed with __________.

A) PKU
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 45

In __________ syndrome, the 23rd pair of chromosomes is missing an X, resulting in short, infertile females.

A) PKU
B) Down
C) Klinefelter
D) Turner

Question 46

Aaron has cystic fibrosis. This means that his mother is a carrier for the cystic fibrosis gene, while his father __________.

A) is also a carrier
B) is not a carrier
C) does not have a cystic fibrosis gene
D) has two cystic fibrosis genes

Question 47

A gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired with another less active gene is called __________.

A) recessive
B) mutated
C) recombinant
D) dominant

Question 48

A gene that actively controls the expression of a trait is called a __________ gene.

A) recessive
B) mutated
C) recombinant
D) dominant

Question 49

At fertilization, the chromosomes from the father's sperm unite with the chromosomes from the mother's egg, creating a new cell called a(n) __________.

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) genome
D) blastocyst

Question 50

A special molecule called __________ contains the genetic material of the organism.

A) DNA
B) a gene
C) a chromosome
D) an amine

Question 51

In __________ syndrome, the 21st pair of chromosomes contains an extra chromosome, resulting in symptoms such as wide-set, almond-shaped eyes and intellectual disability.

A) PKU
B) Down
C) Klinefelter
D) Turner

Question 52

What is the cause of Down syndrome?

A) an extra chromosome on the 21st pair
B) an extra X chromosome on the 23rd pair
C) neurotransmitter excesses
D) neurotransmitter deficiencies

Question 53

David was born a male with an extra X chromosome on the 23rd pair. As result, he has reduced masculine characteristics, enlarged breasts, and is obese and excessively tall. David is likely to be diagnosed with __________.

A) PKU
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 54

Ovum is a term used to describe the __________.

A) female sex cell, or egg
B) male sex cell
C) developing organism from conception to the end of the second week after fertilization
D) developing organism from 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization

Question 55

Which of the following is defined as a gene that controls the expression of a certain trait?

A) recessive
B) mutated
C) recombinant
D) dominant

Question 56

Rod-shaped structures in the cell nucleus that contain genes are referred to as __________.

A) DNA
B) sex-linked traits
C) chromosomes
D) amines

Question 57

Which of the following is a special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism?

A) DNA
B) gene
C) chromosome
D) amine

Question 58

In normal developmental cases, humans have a total of __________ chromosomes.

A) 46
B) 23
C) 22
D) 21

Question 59

How many pairs of chromosomes are normally in each cell of the human body?

A) 46
B) 23
C) 22
D) 21

Question 60

Liv has blond hair, even though her mother and father each have brown hair. What do we know about Liv's parents?

A) At least one of her parents has a recessive gene for blond hair.
B) Each of her parents must have one recessive gene for blond hair color.
C) Each of her parents must have one dominant gene for blond hair.
D) Neither of her parents has a gene for blond hair.

Question 61

Monozygotic twins __________.

A) are genetically identical
B) are genetically different
C) will be of different sexes
D) are more likely to occur when a woman is taking fertility drugs

Question 62

Which kind of cells that form during the germinal period are being examined by researchers for their use in growing new organs and tissues for transplant or repairing neurological damage?

A) amacrine cells
B) bipolar cells
C) oligodendrocytes
D) stem cells

Question 63

Ali and her husband are thrilled as they peer into Ali's uterus by means of an ultrasound. The physician reports that the pregnancy appears normal, and that their baby's fingers, toes, heart, and circulatory system are developing as expected. The couple learns that the baby is only an inch long. Given this information, the current stage of prenatal development is the __________ period.

A) embryonic
B) germinal
C) zygotic
D) fetal

Question 64

__________ develop when two eggs each get fertilized by different sperm cells, resulting in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time.

A) Monozygotic twins
B) Identical twins
C) Dizygotic twins
D) Wombmates

Question 65

Misaki is at a point in her pregnancy during which the major organs and structures of her baby are first developing. Which period of prenatal development is Misaki currently experiencing?

A) fetal period
B) embryonic period
C) placental period
D) germinal period

Question 66

The union of the ovum and sperm is called ________.

A) fertilization
B) the fetal period
C) a zygote
D) an embryo

Question 67

The placenta is __________.

A) the tube through which a developing baby receives nourishment
B) the technical name for the "belly button"
C) a specialized organ that provides nourishment and filters away waste products from the developing baby
D) the name for the developing organism until it is 8 weeks old

Question 68

The study of ethical and moral issues brought about by new advances in biology and medicine is called __________.

A) bioethics
B) germinal staging
C) axiology
D) twenty-first-century moral standards

Question 69

Julia's child has facial deformities, a smaller-than-normal head, intellectual disability, learning difficulties, and delayed growth. If these defects can be traced to a teratogen used by Julia when she was pregnant, which was she most likely abusing?

A) nicotine
B) cocaine
C) marijuana
D) alcohol

Question 70

Which of the following accurately describes the way in which monozygotic twins occur?

A) The mother's body releases multiple eggs, two or more of which are fertilized.
B) The mother's body releases one egg, conceives, and then releases another egg in a later ovulation cycle.
C) The egg is fertilized by a single sperm and then splits completely into two separate zygotes.
D) The mother uses fertility drugs.

Question 71

Ashley and Mary-Kate are twins who are genetically identical. What type of twins are they?

A) monozygotic twins
B) fraternal twins
C) dizygotic twins
D) wombmates

Question 72

Tamika and Tyrone are twins who developed from two separate fertilized ova that were fertilized by two different sperm. What type of twins are they?

A) monozygotic twins
B) maternal twins
C) dizygotic twins
D) wombmates

Question 73

The germinal period occurs __________.

A) during the first two weeks after fertilization
B) from 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization
C) from approximately 8 weeks after fertilization to birth
D) from 7 to 10 weeks after fertilization

Question 74

Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus, that can bring about a birth defect?

A) teratogen
B) critical period
C) carcinogen
D) biohazard

Question 75

Fraternal twins are __________ similar genetically than are regular, non-twin siblings.

A) much more
B) no more
C) slightly more
D) much less

Question 76

Fiona is at a point in her pregnancy when the zygote is moving down to her uterus, and the placenta and umbilical cord are beginning to form. Which period of prenatal development is Fiona currently experiencing?

A) fetal period
B) embryonic period
C) placental period
D) germinal period

Question 77

Times during which some environmental influences can have a major impact on development are called __________ periods.

A) fetal
B) critical
C) germinal
D) latency

Question 78

The specialized organ that provides nourishment and filters away waste products from the developing baby is called the __________.

A) placenta
B) uterus
C) umbilical cord
D) embryo

Question 79

In the process of fertilization, the __________ and __________ unite, resulting in a single cell.

A) sperm; ovum
B) zygote; sperm
C) embryo; zygote
D) ovum; fetus

Question 80

Which of the following accurately describes the embryonic period?

A) the period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
B) the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
C) the period during which the umbilical cord develops
D) the period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional