Deck 1: The Science of Nutrition

Question 1

The term "nutrition" refers to the science of how living organisms obtain and use _____ to support all the processes required for their existence

A)sunlight
B)proteins
C)food
D)chlorophyll

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What do scientists call the health-promoting substances found in plants?

A)Zoonutrients
B)Organics
C)Functionals
D)Phytochemicals

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Foods are considered "organic" if they are produced, gown, and harvested without the use of most conventional pesticides, fertilizers made with synthetic ingredients, bioengineering, or ______

A)distilled water
B)ionizing radiation
C)ultraviolet light
D)greenhouses

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A US government agency certifies that foods labeled as "organic" are _____ as compared to foods not labeled as "organic"

A)more nutritious
B)safer to eat
C)grown in a specified way
D)fresher

Question 5

Which term is used to describe foods such as soy milk and tomatoes that, when consumed, do more to promote health than simply helping the body meet its basic nutritional needs?

A)Functional
B)Essential
C)Organic
D)Biodiverse

Question 6

Nutrients considered essential must ____

A)be synthesized by the body daily
B)be stored in the body
C)come from the food we eat
D)be consumed from organic foods

Question 7

Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and _____

A)calories
B)water
C)vitamins
D)minerals

Question 8

What do most cells use as their primary source of energy?

A)Fatty acids
B)Proteins
C)Sucrose
D)Glucose

Question 9

Like vitamins, _____cannot be used for energy, although many are involved in energy-producing reactions

A)minerals
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids
D)proteins

Question 10

Which nutrients function as antioxidants that protect your body from the damaging effects of toxic compounds such as air pollution?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Proteins
C)Vitamins
D)Minerals

Question 11

Which US government agency certifies foods as grown and processed "organically"?

A)Department of Agriculture
B)Food and Drug Administration
C)Department of Health and Human Services
D)Federal Trade Commission

Question 12

Someone who eats a diet that contains very little fat could be at risk for developing a deficiency of which vitamin?

A)C
B)E
C)B₁
D)B₁₂

Question 13

If a toddler's only source of a nutrient is from food but an adult can make the nutrient in an amount sufficient to meet his needs, the nutrient is considered to be _____

A)nonessential
B)essential
C)conditionally essential
D)partially essential

Question 14

A "nonessential nutrient" is one that the body_____

A)can make in the amount needed
B)doesn't need
C)cannot use
D)stores for later use

Question 15

What do proteins contain that carbohydrates do not?

A)Carbon
B)Nitrogen
C)Hydrogen
D)Oxygen

Question 16

How many kcalories would one get from consuming one gram of vitamin A?

A)0
B)4
C)7
D)9

Question 17

Approximately how much of a human's total body weight is water?

A)20%
B)35%
C)45%
D)60%

Question 18

To be labeled as "organic," crackers must have at least _____% organic ingredients

A)50
B)65
C)70
D)85

Question 19

What is the term for substances in food that are used by the body for at least one of the following: energy, structure, or regulation of chemical reactions in the body?

A)Calories
B)Vitamins
C)Minerals
D)Nutrients

Question 20

Which of the following ingredients in a box of toaster pastries would contribute macronutrients to one's diet?

A)Water, high-fructose corn syrup, egg yolk
B)Niacin, folic acid, sucralose
C)Riboflavin, salt, sodium benzoate
D)Thiamin mononitrate, soybean oil, sugar

Question 21

After making a precise observation, the next step in testing theories using the scientific method would be to _____

A)conduct experiments
B)propose a hypothesis
C)make an observation
D)draft the conclusions

Question 22

A sandwich you ate contained 20 grams of CHO, 32 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat What percentage of the kcalories in the sandwich came from protein?

A)27%
B)30%
C)43%
D)57%

Question 23

A device for measuring the amount of energy in a food is called a _____

A)scale
B)bomb calorimeter
C)energy chamber
D)Calorie compartment

Question 24

Gram per gram, which of the following provides the most Calories?

A)Alcohol
B)Lipids
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates

Question 25

A convenience meal contains 20 g of fat, 32 g of carbohydrate, and 19 g of protein How many kcalories does the meal provide?

A)284
B)384
C)479
D)544

Question 26

A meal you had from a restaurant contained about 1,000 kcalories How many additional kcalories would 11 grams of alcohol add to your meal?

A)0
B)44
C)77
D)99

Question 27

You have just purchased a food containing 9 grams of protein, 6 grams of fat, and 13 grams of carbohydrate per serving Each serving contains:

A)112 kcalories
B)142 kcalories
C)177 kcalories
D)222 kcalories

Question 28

Refer to the Toaster Coasters label to answer questions
Which of the following is an accurate conclusion from the information on this food label?

A)Roughly 42% of the Calories in a Toaster Coaster come from fat.
B)Roughly 9% of the carbohydrate Calories in a Toaster Coaster come from sugar.
C)Everything contained in a Toaster Coaster is considered a nutrient.
D)Someone who should consume 2500 kcalories each day would get 9% of their carbohydrate Calories from consuming 1 Toaster Coaster.

Question 29

Refer to the Toaster Coasters label to answer questions
Carlos ate half a box of Toaster Coasters before class yesterday How many Calories did Carlos consume?

A)380
B)430
C)570
D)760

Question 30

If Joe requires 2800 kcalories per day, about how many of those kcalories should come from fat or lipids?

A)280-550
B)560-980
C)1000-1150
D)1260-1820

Question 31

Approximately how many Calories would be provided by a food that contains 2 grams of protein, 8 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of fat?

A)135
B)110
C)85
D)60

Question 32

Refer to the Toaster Coasters label to answer questions
Which ingredients in a box of Toaster Coasters would provide the body with energy?

A)Salt, water, sugar
B)Enriched flour, cottonseed oil, huckleberries
C)Egg yolk, citric acid, dry yeast
D)Sodium benzoate, corn starch, malted barley flour

Question 33

The popcorn you ate contained 420 Calories and 200 of these were from fat About what percent of the Calories came from fat?

A)47
B)41
C)36
D)32

Question 34

The body's cells transfer the chemical energy from the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in food into _____

A)kcalories
B)phytochemicals
C)adenosine triphosphate
D)nucleic acids

Question 35

A drink that contains 10 grams of carbohydrate and 15 grams of alcohol would provide _____ kcalories

A)100
B)190
C)145
D)175

Question 36

In applying the scientific method, it is important that the observation is _____ and _____

A)accurate, complete
B)simple, repeated
C)interesting, useful
D)noteworthy, expected

Question 37

How many calories are in a Calorie or a kcalorie?

A)10
B)100
C)1,000
D)10,000

Question 38

If Food A provides 10 grams of fat and 5 grams of protein, and Food B provides 5 grams of fat and 10 grams of protein, Food A will provide _____ percent of the number of total kcalories provided by Food B

A)129
B)100
C)77
D)55

Question 39

Mr Sawyer has type 2 diabetes, as did his father He weighs about 30 pounds more than he should, due in part to his love of sweets He often has dessert with lunch and dinner He is employed full-time as a highway construction worker and has health insurance What type of nutrition-health relationship is this?

A)Simple because he has only one disease
B)Simple because his diabetes is hereditary rather than diet related
C)Complex because he is overweight and diabetic
D)Complex because he is genetically predisposed to develop diabetes

Question 40

Jen is considering following a 1500-kcalorie diet that includes 500 kcalories from carbohydrates This diet _____

A)provides the recommended amount of carbohydrate
B)is acceptable if the protein intake is roughly 10%-35% of kcalories
C)is acceptable if the fat content is roughly 10%-15% of kcalories
D)provides less than the recommended amount of carbohydrate

Question 41

Mia is a participant in a human intervention study designed to test the effectiveness of losing weight by eating a diet that contains 25% of one's required kcalories from fat Because she is in this study, Mia has decided to increase the amount of exercise she gets and to reduce the amount of beer she drinks Mia's behavior is an example of _____

A)the Sanders effect
B)subject bias
C)a confounding variable
D)the Hawthorne effect

Question 42

You are involved in a study observing the eating and health behaviors of African Americans across the United States You are conducting a(n):

A)Hawthorn study.
B)intervention study.
C)epidemiologic study.
D)cell culture study.

Question 43

The Framingham Study investigated the relationship between lifestyle factors and which other variable?

A)Heart health
B)Cancer
C)Obesity
D)Longevity

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

A)The less John eats, the more muscle mass he loses
B)The longer Michelle exercises, the more water she needs
C)The more vitamins Sam consumes, the less energy he has
D)The more kcalories Mike eats, the less energy he uses

Question 45

Researchers should not recommend that all children eat less to decrease their risk for obesity because the link between energy intake and risk of childhood obesity is _____

A)an interaction
B)a simple relationship
C)a lifestyle factor
D)undocumented

Question 46

One of the limitations of epidemiologic studies is that the results cannot be interpreted as proving a(n) _____

A)association
B)positive correlation
C)negative correlation
D)relationship to be causal

Question 47

While you are studying the impact of increasing soy intake on bone health, some of your subjects decide on their own to begin to consume more cow's milk because of their participation in the study This phenomenon is the _____effect

A)placebo
B)Hawthorn
C)intervention
D)random

Question 48

Maria has been asked to be a subject in a study to determine if additional vitamin A will promote the growth of healthy, strong fingernails Since she wants the study to be as close to the "ideal" nutrition intervention study as possible, she will want to be sure that:

A)only the researcher knows which participants receive vitamin A.
B)all of the participants are between 18 and 25 years of age.
C)her chances of getting vitamin A are better than those of anyone else.
D)half of the participants get something that looks like additional vitamin A but isn't.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that influences health?

A)Consuming a varied diet
B)Exposure to pesticides
C)Exercising moderately
D)One's ethnicity

Question 50

The type of study that includes scientists making observations and recording information without actually asking the subjects to change their behaviors or undergo any sort of treatment is called a(n) _____ study

A)controlled
B)experimental
C)prescribed
D)epidemiologic

Question 51

NHANES simultaneously monitors nutrition and _____ in the US

A)health of the population
B)weight gain among adults over 21
C)the incidence of diabetes in children over the age of 2
D)the incidence of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in low-income groups

Question 52

Since we know that if someone takes in more kcalories than they use they will gain weight, this is considered to be an example of a _____

A)positive correlation
B)simple relationship
C)complex correlation
D)cause-and-effect relationship

Question 53

Suppose a human intervention study provides evidence that when adults consume 5 servings of fruits and vegetables their blood lipid levels are positively impacted The most appropriate conclusion the researchers could make would be that this relationship between diet and blood lipids:

A)will be true for other adults as well.
B)applies only to the adults tested.
C)will be true for other adults and children living in the same area.
D)causes blood lipid levels to decrease in proportion to the number of servings of fruits and vegetables consumed.

Question 54

When a hypothesis suggests a causal relationship, what type of study will the scientist most likely conduct?

A)Exacting
B)Interpretive
C)Intervention
D)Epidemiologic

Question 55

The nutrition researchers at Excellent State U conducted an epidemiologic study of the students' consumption of snacks from campus vending machines They found that most first-year students purchased snacks from the vending machines and that the average weight gain for first-year students was 15-25 pounds during the year Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

A)Eating snacks from vending machines causes students to gain weight.
B)For first-year students, there may be an association between purchasing snacks from vending machines and gaining weight.
C)For first-year students, eating snacks from vending machines causes a weight gain of 15-25 pounds.
D)For college students, there may be an association between purchasing snacks from vending machines and gaining 15-25 pounds during their first year.

Question 56

If you wanted to determine the relationships among age, gender, activity level, alcohol consumption, and body weight among the students attending the universities in your state, an _____ study would be appropriate

A)intervention
B)efficacy
C)epidemiologic
D)intercession

Question 57

Before a hypothesis becomes a scientific finding, what has to occur?

A)Debate, presentation of opposing views, and generalization
B)Experimentation, data collection, and interpretation of data
C)Meta-analysis, summary, and proponent arguments
D)Peer review, delineation of pros and cons, preparation of a bibliography

Question 58

Professor Eatwell plans to study the effect of zinc supplements on young adults' susceptibility to the cold virus She will give some of the young adults zinc supplements while the _____ group will get supplements that do not contain zinc

A)investigation
B)research
C)control
D)experimental

Question 59

Which of the following statements is an example of a "simple relationship"?

A)Avoiding exercise can reduce one's life expectancy.
B)Eating organic foods may improve nutritional status.
C)Consuming inadequate vitamin C results in a deficiency.
D)Consuming inadequate calcium may result in osteoporosis.

Question 60

What is the large, ongoing epidemiologic study to simultaneously monitor nutrition and health in the US population called?

A)Nutrition, Health, and Nurturing Exploratory Study
B)Nationwide Historic and Nutritional Examination Study
C)Nationwide Home and Nutritional Exploratory Survey
D)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Question 61

What is the name of a searchable biomedical database that can be used to find out important details about the source of a study?

A)NutrInfo
B)StudySource
C)PubMed
D)BioBase

Question 62

Studying phenomena within living organisms is referred to as studies conducted _____

A)in vitro
B)in vivo
C)randomly
D)organically

Question 63

Which term refers to contagious diseases that are caused by pathogens?

A)Chronic
B)Infectious
C)Persistent
D)Acute

Question 64

What do researchers call the shift from undernutrition to overnutrition or unbalanced nutrition as a society becomes more industrialized?

A)Negative shift
B)Nutrition evolution
C)Nutrition transition
D)Positive shift

Question 65

Mark is a participant in a human intervention study that is testing the impact of selenium supplements on the performance of endurance athletes Though Mark does not know if he is receiving selenium or an inactive sugar pill, he is sure that it is the tablet that he is taking that has helped him shave several minutes off his usual marathon time What effect is Mark experiencing?

A)Thornburg
B)Placebo
C)Predisposition
D)Hawthorne

Question 66

What is a "fake" or imitation treatment called?

A)Replica
B)Synthetic
C)Mock
D)Placebo

Question 67

Refer to the figure to answer questions
According to the figure, the infant mortality rate decreased:

A)from 1900-1950 and then increased slightly between 1950 and 1960.
B)from 100 deaths per 1000 births per year in 1900 to about 30 in 1950.
C)from 75 deaths per 1000 births per year in 1960 to about 15 in 1980.
D)more between 1990 and 2000 than between 1970 and 1980.

Question 68

Chris turned in a paper on the benefits of organically raised produce; however, he lost points because his references included several articles that quoted data from other studies What was Chris's error?

A)He chose references that were not primary sources.
B)The research was not conducted by a scientist.
C)The references he chose included funding source bias.
D)The research was not supported by reputable organizations.

Question 69

If a group of farmers who grow oranges helps fund a university-based research project to determine the amount of vitamin C contained in fresh vs frozen orange juice, it is appropriate to _____

A)determine if the funding group influenced the research findings
B)discount the research as being biased
C)trust the findings since the research was university based
D)discount the research because it was not government funded

Question 70

What is used to measure and assess illness over a span of time?

A)Mortality rates
B)Migration patterns
C)Infection patterns
D)Morbidity rates

Question 71

Refer to the figure to answer questions
According to the figure, which of the following is an accurate statement? Per 100,000 people per year,

A)fewer people died from diarrhea in 1902 than from accidents in 2007.
B)fewer people died from cancer in 1950 than in 2007.
C)more people died from heart disease in 2007 than in 1950.
D)more people died from strokes in 1950 than in 1902.

Question 72

The number of people who are newly diagnosed with a disease in a given period of time is referred to as the _____ of that disease

A)incidence
B)prevalence
C)pervasiveness
D)inclusion

Question 73

Which term describes a study where neither the researcher nor the participants know who is in the treatment group and who is not?

A)Randomized-trial
B)Placebo-controlled
C)Double-blind
D)Researcher-protected

Question 74

Which of the following publications is the preferred source for reputable information about nutrition and other sciences?

A)Daily newspapers
B)Books written by well-known authors
C)Peer-reviewed journals
D)Product information inserts

Question 75

The major causes of disability and death in the US are currently:

A)smoking and accidents.
B)HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases.
C)heart disease and cancer.
D)diabetes and obesity.

Question 76

Refer to the figure to answer questions
According to the figure, the greatest gains in life expectancy occurred _____

A)before 1900
B)between 1900 and 1950
C)between 1960 and 1980
D)after 2000

Question 77

In the US today, we are facing a rising incidence of illnesses that develop slowly and continue for a long time Which term refers to this type of disease?

A)Persistent
B)Malnutrition
C)Chronic
D)Infectious

Question 78

Random assignment of participants to treatment or control groups is important because it distributes _____ equally among study groups

A)confounding variables
B)men and women
C)subjects with different ethnic backgrounds
D)consequence factors

Question 79

Scientists use many techniques to decrease bias in studies What do scientists call the technique in which the participants do not know if they are receiving the actual treatment or a fake?

A)Blinding
B)Randomization
C)Use of control groups
D)Use of placebos

Question 80

The first place that information was reported or published is called the _____

A)foundation document
B)principal document
C)key source
D)primary source