Deck 9: Endocrine Control

Question 1

The _______ regulate(s) calcium concentration.

A) parathyroid glands
B) islets of Langerhans
C) pituitary gland
D) thyroid gland

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Neuroendocrine cells are _______.

A) endocrine cells that produce neurons
B) transported by the lymph system
C) an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems
D) produced by prostaglandins

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The endocrine system consists of specialized tissues and glands that secrete chemical messengers called _______.

A) targets
B) hormones
C) cyclic AMP
D) releasing hormones

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In _______, the endocrine gland decreases its hormone output to abnormally low levels, which deprives target cells of needed stimulation.

A) hypersecretion
B) hyposecretion
C) cyclic secretion
D) neurosecretion

Question 5

When glucose concentration becomes very high, _______.

A) calcitonin is released from the parathyroid gland
B) glucagon is released by the islets of Langerhans
C) beta cells secrete insulin
D) the adrenal medulla releases cortisol

Question 6

The _______ regulates most endocrine activity and links the nervous and endocrine systems.

A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary
C) thalamus
D) parathyroid

Question 7

The _______ gland secretes several different hormones and is called the master gland.

A) pineal
B) adrenal
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 8

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) _______.

A) activates one or more enzymes, triggering a chain of reactions leading to a specific metabolic effect in the cell
B) binds to calmodulin to turn genes on
C) is a first messenger
D) activates G proteins

Question 9

_______ are a group of about 16 closely related lipids that are manufactured by many different tissues in the body.

A) Prostaglandins
B) FSH
C) cAMP
D) Parathyroid hormones

Question 10

Growth hormone is _______.

A) released in response to somatomedins
B) a promoter of protein synthesis
C) released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary
D) a tropic hormone

Question 11

Steroid hormones _______.

A) use calcium ions as second messengers
B) use cAMP as second messengers
C) activate G proteins in the cell membrane
D) turn specific genes on or off

Question 12

A hormone that initiates changes in target cells that lead to some effects is referred to as a _______.

A) second messenger
B) transporter
C) first messenger
D) hypersecreter

Question 13

The _______ gland, shaped somewhat like a shield, lies anterior to the trachea and just below the larynx.

A) parathyroid
B) thalamus
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 14

_______ are specific cells on which hormones act.

A) Target cells
B) Alpha cells
C) Hormonal cells
D) Prostaglandins

Question 15

Hormone secretion is typically regulated by _______.

A) the thyroid gland
B) positive target tissues
C) negative feedback
D) oxytocin

Question 16

During lactation, _______ stimulates cells in the mammary glands to secrete milk.

A) prolactin
B) calmodulin
C) ADH
D) oxytocin

Question 17

The _______ is called the emergency gland of the body because it prepares us to cope with threatening situations.

A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) pineal gland
D) thyroid

Question 18

Stress stimulates the _______ to secrete corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF).

A) anterior pituitary
B) hypothalamus
C) pancreas
D) posterior pituitary

Question 19

_______ deficiency can lead to the condition called diabetes insipidus, in which enormous quantities of urine may be excreted.

A) TSH
B) Oxytocin
C) FSH
D) ADH

Question 20

The main glucocorticoid is _______.

A) epinephrine
B) mineralocorticoid
C) cortisol
D) norepinephrine

Question 21

_______ interact(s) with other hormones to regulate various metabolic activities, such as reducing or raising blood pressure and stimulating contraction of the uterus.

A) Prostaglandins
B) Cortisol
C) Cyclic AMP
D) TSH

Question 22

_______ raises the blood glucose level by stimulating liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose.

A) Insulin
B) TSH
C) Calcitonin
D) Glucagon

Question 23

In diabetes mellitus, _______.

A) insulin overstimulates cells to take in glucose
B) cells turn to fat and protein for energy
C) glucose cannot be detected in the urine
D) alpha cells secrete too little glucagon

Question 24

Aldosterone _______.

A) promotes production of glucose from other nutrients
B) increases cardiac output
C) has masculinizing effects
D) helps maintain sodium and potassium homeostasis

Question 25

_______ stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus and stimulates release of milk from the breast.

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Thyroxine
C) ADH
D) Oxytocin

Question 26

The _______ hormones include thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.

A) gonadotropic
B) hypothalamic
C) tropic
D) growth

Question 27

The adrenal medulla secretes _______.

A) cortisol
B) norepinephrine
C) ACTH
D) glucocorticoids

Question 28

Thymosin, produced by the thymus gland, plays a role in _______.

A) immune responses
B) reproduction
C) growth
D) facilitating sleep

Question 29

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce the hormone _______.

A) parathyroid hormone
B) FSH
C) insulin
D) glucagon

Question 30

Extreme _______ during childhood results in low metabolic rate and retarded mental and physical development, a condition known as cretinism.

A) hypothyroidism
B) hyperthyroidism
C) hyposecretion of growth hormone
D) hyposecretion of insulin

Question 31

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases two hormones, _______ and _______.

A) oxytocin; parathyroid hormone
B) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone
C) antidiuretic hormone; growth hormone
D) TSH; FSH

Question 32

The parathyroid glands secrete _______, a small protein that regulates the calcium level of the blood and tissue fluid.

A) thyroxine
B) parathyroid hormone
C) TSH
D) calcitonin

Question 33

The anterior pituitary secretes _______, which promotes synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.

A) thyroxine
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) calcitonin

Question 34

Steroid hormones are relatively small molecules that _______.

A) pass easily through the plasma membrane of a target cell
B) use cAMP as a second messenger
C) combine with receptors on the plasma membrane of the target cell
D) trigger a chain of reactions that inhibit metabolism

Question 35

In _______, a gland increases its output to abnormally high levels, overstimulating target cells.

A) hyposecretion
B) exosecretion
C) hypersecretion
D) neurosecretion

Question 36

A _______, associated with the plasma membrane, is activated by hormones to begin a series of molecular events.

A) prostaglandin
B) cAMP second messenger
C) calmodulin molecule
D) G protein

Question 37

Epinephrine and norepinephrine _______.

A) increase metabolic rate
B) decrease blood pressure
C) constrict the airway
D) answers A, B, and C are correct

Question 38

The _______ releases GHRH and GHIH to regulate growth hormone secretion.

A) anterior pituitary
B) posterior pituitary
C) hypothalamus
D) pineal gland

Question 39

The _______ system helps regulate growth, reproduction, use of nutrients by cells, and fluid balance.

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) lymphatic
D) skeletal

Question 40

_______ lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood.

A) Insulin
B) TSH
C) Calcitonin
D) Glucagon

Question 41

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
I __________

Question 42

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
B __________

Question 43

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
F __________

Question 44

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
H __________

Question 45

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
D __________

Question 46

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
A __________

Question 47

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
C __________

Question 48

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
G __________

Question 49

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
E __________

Question 50

Why is it advantageous for endocrine glands to be ductless, releasing their secretions directly into surrounding interstitial (tissue) fluid or into the blood?

Question 51

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Pancreas
b.Thymus
c.Testis
d.Hypothalamus
e.Pituitary
f.Pineal
g.Ovary
h.Parathyroid glands
i.Adrenal
j.Thyroid
J __________