Deck 13: Immune System: Internal Defense

Question 1

_______ develops from exposure to antigens.

A) Passive immunity
B) Active immunity
C) Short-term immunity
D) Nonimmunity

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Interferons are cytokines that _______.

A) signal cells to produce antiviral proteins
B) are produced by cells infected by viruses and they kill those cells
C) stimulate macrophages to release histamines
D) are released by NK cells

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

A) Macrophages and neutrophils
B) NK cells and T cells
C) Plasma cells and macrophages
D) Macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_______ defense mechanisms include barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body.

A) Nonspecific
B) Specific
C) Antibody
D) Cytokine

Question 5

_______ is a common clinical sign of widespread inflammatory response.

A) Decreased blood flow
B) Blood vessel constriction
C) Fever
D) Phagocytosis

Question 6

The principal job of a(n) _______ is to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.

A) plasma cell
B) antibody
C) memory B cell
D) helper T cell

Question 7

An _______ involves recognition of foreign molecules and an action aimed at eliminating them.

A) antigen
B) antibody response
C) immune pathway
D) immune response

Question 8

_______ are cells that ingest bacteria and other foreign matter.

A) Natural killer (NK) cells
B) Interleukins
C) Phagocytes
D) Serotonins

Question 9

Once activated, a _______ multiplies by mitosis, giving rise to a sizeable clone of cells identical to itself.

A) T cell
B) macrophage
C) plasma cell
D) memory B cell

Question 10

_______ is borrowed immunity, so its effects do not last.

A) Passive immunity
B) Active immunity
C) Immunization
D) Primary response

Question 11

Some activated B cells become _______ and continue for years to produce small amounts of antibody.

A) memory T cells
B) helper T cells
C) memory B cells
D) killer B cells

Question 12

_______ is an example of the immune system overreacting to mild antigens.

A) HIV
B) Cancer
C) Autoimmune disease
D) Allergic reaction

Question 13

_______ occurs as the volume of interstitial fluid increases.

A) Fever
B) Phagocytosis
C) Immunity
D) Edema

Question 14

Antibodies of the IgG and IgM groups activate _______.

A) the complement system
B) cytokines
C) antigens
D) immunosuppression

Question 15

_______ is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and other harmful substances.

A) Inflammation
B) Skin
C) Edema
D) The macrophage

Question 16

_______ often evade the immune system and multiply in an uncontrolled way.

A) Cancer cells
B) Cells targeted by graft rejection
C) Mast cells
D) Viruses that cause autoimmune diseases

Question 17

Killer T cells _______.

A) produce antibodies
B) develop into plasma cells
C) migrate to the infected area and release enzymes that destroy pathogens
D) produce large clones of cells

Question 18

_______ is the study of the body's defense mechanisms.

A) Pathology
B) Anatomy
C) Immunology
D) Physiology

Question 19

An antigen-antibody complex _______.

A) attacks mast cells
B) stimulates phagocytes to destroy pathogens
C) presents antigens to plasma cells
D) releases histamines

Question 20

_______ are a diverse group of peptides and proteins that cells of the immune system use to signal one another.

A) Complement
B) Cytokines
C) Histamines
D) Serotonins

Question 21

Multiple sclerosis is an example of _______.

A) an allergic reaction
B) an autoimmune disease
C) immunological competence
D) a complement system

Question 22

Pregnant women confer _______ immunity upon their developing babies by producing antibodies for them.

A) passive
B) active
C) no
D) maternal

Question 23

_______ continue to produce small amounts of antibody for years after an infection.

A) Memory T cells
B) Macrophages
C) T cells
D) Memory B cells

Question 24

About 75% of the antibodies in the body are _______.

A) IgM
B) IgD
C) IgG
D) IgA

Question 25

Immune responses depend on communication among cells, or _______.

A) antigens
B) antibodies
C) cell signaling
D) pathogens

Question 26

In allergic reactions, _______.

A) there is a very slow, nonspecific immune response
B) transplanted tissue is destroyed
C) helper T cells stimulate complement production
D) mast cells release histamine, which leads to inflammation

Question 27

The principal warriors in specific immune responses are the trillion or so _______ stationed strategically in the lymph tissue.

A) phagocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) macrophages
D) B cells

Question 28

_______ are important in destroying cancer cells and cells infected by viruses.

A) Memory B cells
B) Killer B cells
C) NK cells
D) Macrophages

Question 29

A molecule recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(n) _______.

A) antigen
B) antibody
C) pathogen
D) cytokine

Question 30

Plasma cells _______.

A) develop into macrophages
B) produce antibodies
C) develop from competent T cells
D) produce antigens

Question 31

Transplanted tissues have foreign antigens that stimulate _______, an immune response in which T cells destroy the transplant.

A) graft rejection
B) immunosuppression
C) autoimmune disease
D) allergic reactions

Question 32

Mechanical and chemical barriers, as well as inflammation, are examples of _______ defenses.

A) nonspecific
B) specific
C) cell signaling
D) antigen

Question 33

Some complement proteins _______.

A) destroy macrophages and neutrophils
B) promote production of plasma cells
C) reset the body's thermostat, causing fever
D) stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation

Question 34

_______ remain in lymph tissue for many years after an infection.

A) Memory T cells
B) Macrophages
C) Helper T cells
D) Killer B cells

Question 35

The HIV infects _______ and seriously impairs immune function, placing the patient at risk for other infections.

A) memory T cells
B) memory B cells
C) helper T cells
D) killer T cells

Question 36

In _______, a cell flows around a bacterium and engulfs it.

A) phagocytosis
B) antigen presentation
C) interferon release
D) inflammation

Question 37

When individuals are exposed to a disease like viral hepatitis or anthrax, they can be injected with _______ to help protect them from the disease.

A) antigen-antibody complex
B) immunizations
C) gamma globulin
D) T cells

Question 38

_______ is not a clinical characteristic of inflammation.

A) Edema
B) Redness
C) Pain
D) Decrease in temperature

Question 39

A second exposure to an antigen, even years after the first exposure, ________.

A) results in a much more rapid immune response
B) stimulates an immune response that requires about 2 weeks to be effective
C) stimulates complement production
D) stimulates passive immunity

Question 40

_______ immune responses are precise responses against specific foreign molecules that have gained entrance to the body.

A) Nonspecific
B) Specific
C) Cell signaling
D) Barrier

Question 41

How do major burns reduce the functional ability of the immune system?