Deck 24: Anatomy and Physiology: Respiratory and Digestive Systems, Urinary System, and Reproductive System

Question 1

_______ is the process by which cells capture energy from nutrients that serve as fuel molecules.

A) Cellular respiration
B) Cellular energization
C) Cellular oxygenation
D) Catabolism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ is the process of taking air into the lungs, or breathing in.

A) Expiration
B) Inspiration
C) Respiration
D) Exhalation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ______ is a large, double fold of the peritoneum that extends from the parietal peritoneum and attaches to the small intestine.

A) mesocolon
B) greater omentum
C) lesser omentum
D) mesentery

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_______ involves taking food into the mouth, chewing it, and swallowing it.

A) Ingestion
B) Digestion
C) Absorption
D) Elimination

Question 5

As blood circulates through the tissues, ________ moves from the blood (where it is more concentrated) into the cells (where it is less concentrated).

A) carbon dioxide
B) interstitial fluid
C) water
D) oxygen

Question 6

The part of the pleural membrane that covers the lung is the ________.

A) visceral pleura
B) parietal pleura
C) serous membrane
D) pericardial membrane

Question 7

The oropharynx and nasopharynx are partitioned by the _______.

A) hard palate
B) soft palate
C) uvula
D) epiglottis

Question 8

A breath of air enters the body through the ________.

A) pharynx
B) trachea
C) nostrils
D) alveoli

Question 9

The lining of the small intestine has millions of tiny finger-like projections called _______.

A) rugae
B) goblet cells
C) villi
D) gastric glands

Question 10

Bile is stored and concentrated in the pear-shaped ________.

A) liver
B) pancreas
C) gallbladder
D) spleen

Question 11

The respiratory system consists of all of the following except the _______.

A) alveoli
B) esophagus
C) larynx
D) trachea

Question 12

_______ is the transfer of digested food through the wall of the stomach or intestine and into the circulatory system.

A) Ingestion
B) Digestion
C) Absorption
D) Elimination

Question 13

The opening into the larynx is the _______.

A) pharynx
B) trachea
C) epiglottis
D) glottis

Question 14

Specialized _______ in the medulla and in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries are sensitive to changes in arterial carbon dioxide concentration.

A) mechanoreceptors
B) proprioceptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) thermoreceptors

Question 15

During swallowing, a flap of tissue, the ________, automatically closes off the larynx so food and water cannot enter the lower airway.

A) glottis
B) epiglottis
C) paranasal sinuses
D) hilus

Question 16

The _______ helps maintain homeostasis by removing excess nutrients from the blood and adding needed nutrients to the blood.

A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) bladder
D) liver

Question 17

The floor of the thoracic cavity is a strong, dome-shaped muscle called the ________.

A) thorax
B) biceps femoris
C) diaphragm
D) intercostal muscle

Question 18

The sequence of the four major processes of the digestive system is _______.

A) digestion, absorption, ingestion, and elimination
B) digestion, indigestion, absorption, and elimination
C) ingestion, indigestion, digestion, and elimination
D) ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 19

_______, meaning to "breathe again," is the exchange of gases between the body and its environment.

A) Bronchus
B) Respiration
C) Expiration
D) Exhalation

Question 20

The three main pairs of salivary glands are _______.

A) parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
B) submandibular, sublingual, and bilingual
C) parotid, inframandibular, and bilingual
D) submandibular, supramandibular, and sublingual

Question 21

_______ is defined as the discharge of metabolic by-products and wastes.

A) Elimination
B) Excretion
C) Urination
D) Defecation

Question 22

An abnormally low level of _______ may cause confusion, cramps, and fatigue and may affect the heart.

A) chloride
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) magnesium

Question 23

Most digestion takes place in the _______.

A) small intestine
B) large intestine
C) esophagus
D) stomach

Question 24

From the cecum to the rectum, the large intestine is known as the _______.

A) anus
B) colon
C) vermiform appendix
D) transverse colon

Question 25

Dehydration raises the osmotic pressure of the blood, which in turn stimulates the ________ in the hypothalamus, signaling the desire to drink fluids.

A) electrolyte center
B) ADH
C) thirst center
D) intracellular compartment

Question 26

_______ are inorganic nutrients ingested in the form of salts dissolved in food and water.

A) Vitamins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Minerals
D) Lipids

Question 27

The term _______ refers to any condition in which the hydrogen ion concentration of plasma is elevated above the homeostatic range.

A) alkalosis
B) acidosis
C) chemical buffer
D) hydrogenated

Question 28

Each kidney contains more than 1 million microscopic units called ________, which filter the blood and produce urine.

A) renal villi
B) renal corpuscles
C) nephrons
D) peritubular capillaries

Question 29

Under the skin, the penis consists of _______.

A) three cylinders of erectile tissue
B) the glans and the prepuce
C) glandular tissue that produces sperm
D) tubules where sperm mature

Question 30

Which of the following is not part of the male reproductive system?

A) Testes
B) Vas deferens
C) Urethra
D) Ureters

Question 31

The kidney consists of an outer renal _______ and an inner renal ________.

A) medulla; cortex
B) pyramid; cortex
C) cortex; pyramid
D) cortex; medulla

Question 32

________, or micturition, is the process of emptying the bladder and expelling urine.

A) Elimination
B) Urination
C) Secretion
D) Glomerular filtration

Question 33

The first step in urine production is ________.

A) Bowman's capsule
B) glomerular filtration
C) tubular secretion
D) tubular reabsorption

Question 34

The correct order of urine flow through the urinary system is _______.

A) kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
B) bladder, ureter, kidney, urethra
C) renal pelvis, bladder, urethra, ureter
D) kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter

Question 35

Urine consists mainly of ________.

A) nitrogenous wastes
B) sugar
C) salt
D) water

Question 36

Compounds such as salts, that form ions, are among the most important components of body fluid and are called _______.

A) ionic concentration
B) electrolytes
C) potassium ions
D) anions

Question 37

________ fluid includes all fluids in the body that are outside of the cells.

A) Extracellular
B) Intracellular
C) Renal
D) Interstitial

Question 38

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?

A) 1A
B) 2C
C) 3D
D) 4E

Question 39

The male's function in reproduction is to produce ________ cells and deliver them into the female reproductive tract.

A) blood
B) sperm
C) egg
D) semen

Question 40

_______ is a thick, whitish fluid consisting of sperm cells suspended in secretions of the accessory glands.

A) Urine
B) Prostate
C) Semen
D) Glans

Question 41

The hormone _______ is responsible for the development of both primary and secondary sex characteristics in the male.

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) progesterone
D) FSH

Question 42

During circumcision, the _______, or foreskin of the penis, is removed.

A) shaft
B) glans
C) prepuce
D) epididymis

Question 43

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Bladder
b.Kidney
c.Ureters
d.Urethra
A ________

Question 44

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Bladder
b.Kidney
c.Ureters
d.Urethra
D ________

Question 45

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cervix
b.Ovary
c.Uterine tube
d.Vagina
D ________

Question 46

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Bladder
b.Kidney
c.Ureters
d.Urethra
C ________

Question 47

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Bladder
b.Kidney
c.Ureters
d.Urethra
B ________

Question 48

Each month during a woman's reproductive life, the _______, or womb, prepare(s) for possible pregnancy.

A) uterus
B) ovaries
C) fallopian tubes
D) vagina

Question 49

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cervix
b.Ovary
c.Uterine tube
d.Vagina
A ________

Question 50

The _______ are the female gonads.

A) uterine tubes
B) ovaries
C) follicles
D) breasts

Question 51

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cervix
b.Ovary
c.Uterine tube
d.Vagina
C ________

Question 52

The _______ is the organ of exchange between the mother and the embryo.

A) amnion
B) placenta
C) uterus
D) cervix

Question 53

When the mass of cells that make up the early embryo divide to form two independent groups of cells, the resulting twins are _______.

A) fraternal
B) identical
C) conjoined
D) dizygotic

Question 54

Although there is wide variation, a "typical" menstrual cycle is approximately ________ days long.

A) 7
B) 15
C) 28
D) 45

Question 55

The function of the breasts is _______, production of milk for the nourishment of the baby.

A) ejaculation
B) micturition
C) lactation
D) menstruation

Question 56

The term vulva refers to the external female genital structures, which include all of the following except the ________.

A) labia
B) vestibule
C) mons pubis
D) cervix

Question 57

The umbilical cord connects the embryo with the _______.

A) mother's vagina
B) placenta
C) amnion
D) mother's umbilicus

Question 58

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cervix
b.Ovary
c.Uterine tube
d.Vagina
B ________