Deck 16: The Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Question 1

The _______ remove(s) metabolic by-products and wastes from the blood and produce(s) urine.

A) liver
B) ureters
C) kidneys
D) urethra

Answer 1

C

Question 2

During glomerular filtration, _______.

A) blood is filtered out of the glomerulus and into the loop of Henle
B) plasma leaves the capillaries and enters Bowman's capsule
C) intracellular fluid is filtered and becomes part of the filtrate
D) the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes fluid into the renal tubule

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The afferent arteriole _______.

A) conducts blood away from the glomerulus
B) surrounds the renal tubule
C) delivers blood to the glomerulus
D) delivers blood to the urinary bladder

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The _______ consists of a cluster of capillaries.

A) renal corpuscle
B) glomerulus
C) Bowman's capsule
D) nephron

Question 5

The term _______ refers to any condition in which the hydrogen ion concentration of plasma is elevated above the homeostatic range.

A) alkalosis
B) hemolytic
C) buffered
D) acidosis

Question 6

When fluid output is greater than fluid intake, _______ occurs.

A) uremia
B) diabetes insipidus
C) dehydration
D) dialysis

Question 7

Electrolytes produce positively charged ions called _______.

A) anions
B) prions
C) cations
D) protons

Question 8

_______ acts on the collecting ducts and causes an increase in water excretion by the kidneys.

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) ATP
C) Aldosterone
D) Angiotensin

Question 9

Aldosterone _______.

A) decreases blood pressure by decreasing ADH production
B) increases urine volume
C) stimulates the release of angiotensin II by the kidney
D) increases sodium reabsorption, which results in an increase in blood pressure

Question 10

Urine passes from a collecting duct through a renal papilla and into a small tube called a _______.

A) minor calyx
B) major calyx
C) renal pelvis
D) renal medulla

Question 11

_______ is defined as the discharge of metabolic by-products and wastes.

A) Elimination
B) Excretion
C) Urination
D) Defecation

Question 12

The average bladder can hold about _______ before the urge to urinate is felt.

A) 35 mL
B) 300 mL
C) 50 mL
D) 1 L

Question 13

Healthy urine _______.

A) contains bacteria
B) is sterile
C) is highly concentrated
D) contains glucose

Question 14

The urinary system secretes _______, which is important in regulating blood pressure.

A) renin
B) erythropoietin
C) urea
D) ammonia

Question 15

The _______ system helps regulate the volume and composition of body fluids.

A) reproductive
B) somatic
C) respiratory
D) urinary

Question 16

________ is the water in the body and the substances dissolved in it.

A) Solvent
B) Body fluid
C) Intracellular fluid
D) Extracellular fluid

Question 17

Urea and uric acid are transported from the liver to the kidneys by the _______ system.

A) circulatory
B) respiratory
C) urinary
D) digestive

Question 18

Dehydration does not normally occur because about 99% of the filtrate is returned to the blood by _______.

A) tubular reabsorption
B) the renal artery
C) the juxtaglomerular apparatus
D) tubular secretion

Question 19

The amount of water in urine is about _______.

A) 50%
B) 65%
C) 20%
D) 96%

Question 20

In contrast to glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption _______.

A) works against homeostasis
B) takes place mainly in the collecting ducts
C) is highly selective
D) returns metabolic wastes to the blood

Question 21

_______ is the discharge from the body of metabolic wastes and excess solutes and other substances.

A) Elimination
B) Excretion
C) Urination
D) Defecation

Question 22

During glomerular filtration, _______.

A) blood is filtered out of Bowman's capsule and into the collecting duct
B) plasma leaves the capillaries of the glomerulus and enters Bowman's capsule
C) intracellular fluid is filtered and becomes part of the urine
D) the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes fluid into the renal tubule

Question 23

Urine is discharged from the body through the ________.

A) urethra
B) ureters
C) bladder
D) renal pelvis

Question 24

Salt excretion is regulated by hormones, mainly _______.

A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) angiotensin II
D) progesterone

Question 25

In contrast to glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption _______.

A) retains glucose in the filtrate
B) takes place mainly in the collecting ducts
C) is highly selective
D) returns metabolic wastes to the blood

Question 26

In tubular secretion, _______.

A) certain substances are secreted into the filtrate
B) hydrogen ions are actively transported from the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate in the renal tubules
C) urine is secreted into the ureters
D) about 1200 g of salt are transported back into the blood during each 24-hour period

Question 27

The urinary system secretes erythropoietin, which regulates the production of ________.

A) bile pigments
B) urine
C) electrolytes
D) red blood cells

Question 28

_______ ions are the most abundant extracellular anions.

A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Chloride
D) Magnesium

Question 29

The kidneys receive blood from the _______.

A) renal artery
B) superior vena cava
C) renal vein
D) efferent arteriole

Question 30

Excessive vomiting can lead to _______ because hydrochloric acid is lost from the stomach.

A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic alkalosis
C) metabolic acidosis
D) respiratory alkalosis

Question 31

ADH _______.

A) is secreted when the blood volume is too high
B) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland
C) decreases the permeability of the collecting ducts
D) decreases the volume of urine produced

Question 32

Which of the following is not a regulatory function of the urinary system?

A) Secretes renin
B) Regulates pH level of the blood
C) Secretes aldosterone
D) Regulates electrolyte concentration

Question 33

The principal metabolic by-products are _______.

A) amino acids, nucleic acids, carbon monoxide, and glucose
B) water, protein, and carbon monoxide
C) carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes, and glucose
D) water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous wastes

Question 34

The _______ filter(s) blood and produce(s) urine.

A) glomerulus
B) Bowman's capsule
C) bladder
D) nephrons

Question 35

Fluid intake is regulated by the ________.

A) kidneys
B) pituitary
C) hypothalamus
D) nephrons

Question 36

The correct order for urine to flow through structures of the kidney is _______.

A) collecting duct minor calyx major calyx renal papilla ureter
B) collecting duct minor calyx renal papilla major calyx ureter
C) collecting duct renal papilla minor calyx major calyx ureter
D) renal papilla collecting duct minor calyx major calyx ureter

Question 37

Urine is temporarily stored in the _______ before discharge.

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) kidney
D) renal cortex

Question 38

Dehydration does not normally occur because about 99% of the filtrate is returned to the blood by _______.

A) the juxtaglomerular apparatus
B) the renal artery
C) tubular reabsorption
D) tubular secretion

Question 39

_______ is formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids.

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Urea
C) Ammonia
D) Uric acid

Question 40

The term _______ refers to the water in the body and the substances dissolved in it.

A) blood
B) interstitial fluid
C) body fluid
D) lymph

Question 41

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
A __________

Question 42

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
G __________

Question 43

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
D __________

Question 44

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
F __________

Question 45

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
B __________

Question 46

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
E __________

Question 47

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
F __________

Question 48

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
G __________

Question 49

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
B __________

Question 50

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
C __________

Question 51

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
B __________

Question 52

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
D __________

Question 53

The _______ system helps regulate acid-base balance by adjusting the breathing rate.

A) urinary
B) muscular
C) circulatory
D) respiratory

Question 54

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Afferent arteriole
b.Glomerulus
c.Bowman's capsule
d.Proximal convoluted tubule
e.Loop of Henle
f.Collecting duct
g.Distal convoluted tubule
h.Efferent arteriole
H __________

Question 55

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
A __________

Question 56

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
C __________

Question 57

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
A __________

Question 58

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
D __________

Question 59

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
E __________

Question 60

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Inferior vena cava
b.Right and left ureters
c.Renal pelvis
d.Left kidney
e.Urinary bladder
f.Abdominal aorta
g.Urethra
C __________

Question 61

What might a reduction in urine production and darkly colored urine indicate?

Question 62

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
H __________

Question 63

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
E __________

Question 64

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
J __________

Question 65

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
G __________

Question 66

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
I __________

Question 67

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Renal vein
b.Medulla
c.Renal pelvis
d.Papillae.
Renal hilus
f.Major calyx
g.Ureter
h.Cortex
i.Renal capsule
j.Renal artery
F __________