Deck 14: Australia and Oceania

Question 1

What land form dominates much of New Zealand?

A) volcanic mountains
B) wide plains
C) lush tropical rainforest
D) eroded sedimentary formations
E) deserts

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Viticulture refers to the growing of what crop?

A) apples
B) tomatoes
C) cut flowers
D) grapes
E) kiwi fruit

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What causes a tsunami?

A) an earthquake
B) a volcano
C) a monsoon
D) climate change
E) orographic precipitation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following areas of Australia/Oceania has NOT been affected by mining?

A) Australia
B) Hawaii
C) Papua New Guinea
D) New Caledonia
E) Nauru

Question 5

What type of animals are most closely associated with Australia?

A) amphibians
B) marsupials
C) birds
D) dinosaurs (fossils, of course)
E) mammals

Question 6

Which of the following environmental problems is NOT a major issue in Australia/Oceania?

A) Major mining operations have threatened the environment.
B) Global warming threatens to drown islands of the region as sea levels rise.
C) Wide-scale burning of forests after they have been cleared is creating smoke pollution.
D) Exotic plants and animals are leading to the extinction of indigenous species.
E) Woodlands have been destroyed to produce pastures.

Question 7

Why have countries of Oceania been major supporters of the conventions to limit the production of greenhouse gases?

A) They are the largest producers of these gases and want to serve as an example for the rest of the world on the issue of pollution control.
B) The Pacific states are the largest producers of wind and solar energy technology, which they can sell to nations that are reducing their carbon emissions and turning to alternative fuel sources.
C) The Pacific region has the lowest air quality.
D) Greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to global temperature increase and as sea levels rise, many of the Pacific islands will be drowned if global temperatures continue to increase.
E) Pacific Islanders are staunch environmentalists, and desire a healthy world environment for everyone.

Question 8

What landform is described as a combination of sandy islands, barrier coral reefs, and shallow central lagoons?

A) isthmus
B) monsoon
C) peninsula
D) atoll
E) tsunami

Question 9

What caused the fjords in New Zealand?

A) shield volcanoes building up layer after layer of molten material
B) the rifting along a fault zone
C) the overgrazing of vegetation on steep slope faces
D) volcanic activity
E) glaciers that carved drowned valleys

Question 10

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by ________.

A) the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Indo-Australian plate
B) the rifting of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate
C) an active hot spot beneath the moving Pacific Plate
D) humans who built them from debris left in the sea
E) All of the choices contributed to the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.

Question 11

What is the most serious threat to New Zealand's indigenous plant and animal species?

A) climatic change in the region
B) the exportation of these flora and fauna for use in other parts of the world
C) the large wildfires that ravage the country every spring
D) poachers
E) the introduction of exotic plant and animal species from elsewhere around the world

Question 12

High islands

A) typically grow higher once the source of magma is exhausted.
B) are rarely fringed by coral reefs.
C) usually result from the collision of two tectonic plates.
D) are present throughout much of Oceania.
E) have no relationship to volcanoes.

Question 13

An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT

A) a high central peak.
B) a fringing coral reef.
C) sand formed from coral.
D) an oval or circular shape.
E) a lagoon in its center.

Question 14

What landform and/or vegetation pattern dominates in Australia?

A) deserts
B) mountains
C) plains
D) forests
E) wetlands

Question 15

What is the "Outback"?

A) New Zealand's mountainous pasture lands
B) Australia's huge, dry interior
C) the many islands of the South Pacific
D) a trendy neighborhood in Sydney, Australia
E) the name that Australians give to Tasmania

Question 16

What event sets off the process that creates an atoll?

A) volcanic eruption
B) earthquake
C) erosion
D) nuclear explosion
E) rifting

Question 17

What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species?

A) climatic change in the region
B) the elimination by humans of its food supply
C) the thinning of their eggshells and the subsequent death of their young as a result of heavy DDT use on the island in the 1970s
D) radiation poisoning caused by nuclear tests of the United States and France
E) the accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake

Question 18

What part of Australia/Oceania is most susceptible to tsunami hazards?

A) southern Australia
B) New Zealand's South Island
C) Tasmania
D) Papua New Guinea
E) Hawaii

Question 19

Which exotic animal, introduced in Australia, reached plague proportions, and was finally brought under control only after the purposeful introduction of a disease that affected only this particular introduced species?

A) camels
B) dogs
C) goats
D) wallabies
E) rabbits

Question 20

What is the greatest potential environmental threat to Oceania?

A) desertification
B) coastal pollution
C) grassification
D) climate change
E) smog

Question 21

In what part of Australia do most of its people live?

A) southeast
B) southwest
C) northwest
D) northeast
E) the Outback

Question 22

What is the largest country (in terms of land area as well as population)in the region encompassing the Oceania region?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Question 23

Many forests with this type of tree have been destroyed in Australia to make way for pastures.

A) pine
B) maple
C) eucalyptus
D) oak
E) bamboo

Question 24

What is the most highly populated country of the Australia/Oceania region?

A) New Zealand
B) Fiji
C) Papua New Guinea
D) Tasmania
E) Australia

Question 25

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

A) off the west coast of Australia
B) along Australia's southern coast
C) along Australia's east coast
D) off the northeastern coast of Australia
E) off the southwestern coast of Australia

Question 26

Why does the population of Nauru cluster together in quasi-urban settings?

A) It is a cultural tradition for them to live in close quarters.
B) The brown tree snake population is so large and dangerous that the island's inhabitants must live in large, fenced, snake-proof compounds.
C) Phosphate mining on the island has left limited room for habitation.
D) They are at war with the Solomon Islands and must live in fortified compounds.
E) The settlements are located at the few sources of water on the island.

Question 27

Which of the following places is the best example of an atoll?

A) the Australian continent
B) New Zealand's South Island
C) Papua New Guinea
D) Tasmania
E) Kwajalein

Question 28

What is the second-most populous country in the Australia/Oceania region?

A) Australia
B) Papua New Guinea
C) Fiji
D) Nauru
E) New Zealand

Question 29

In which country of Australia/Oceania would you find a fjord (fiord)?

A) Australia
B) Kiribati
C) New Zealand
D) Tasmania
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Of the following countries of Australia/Oceania, which is located farthest south?

A) Micronesia
B) Papua New Guinea
C) Honolulu
D) Marshall Islands
E) New Zealand

Question 31

Tuvalu, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands are already experiencing disastrous flooding related to global climate change. What has been the response of the people on these islands?

A) They have built polders patterned after those found in the Netherlands.
B) All three have instituted a policy of transmigration, encouraging citizens to move to the center of their island countries.
C) Scientists on these islands have worked together to build a highly advanced sea wall.
D) Several thousand islanders have left their homes and migrated to New Zealand.
E) They have done nothing.

Question 32

Which part of the Australia/Oceania region receives the LEAST amount of precipitation?

A) the northeast coast of New Zealand
B) the mid-slopes of the 13,000-foot-plus volcanoes of the island of Hawaii
C) anywhere in Samoa
D) the largest of the Marshall Islands
E) the interior of Australia

Question 33

What is the approximate population of Australia?

A) 5 million
B) 10 million
C) 15 million
D) 20 million
E) 30 million

Question 34

What is the approximate population of New Zealand?

A) 1 million
B) 4 million
C) 8 million
D) 10 million
E) 12 million

Question 35

Where do Australian cities tend to be located?

A) in the country's interior
B) on the western margin of the country
C) on the northern portion of the country
D) along the coasts
E) in the country's mountainous region

Question 36

Which country of the Australia/Oceania region has the highest population density?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Nauru
D) Guam
E) Tasmania

Question 37

Why did South Asians migrate to Fiji?

A) They had committed crimes in India, and came as prisoners.
B) to fill labor shortages in the sugarcane fields
C) They came to colonize Fiji.
D) They were fleeing civil war in India.
E) They came as a result of a government policy in India to relieve overcrowding.

Question 38

Which country of the region of Australia and Oceania signed the Kyoto Protocol in 2007?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Palau
E) Samoa

Question 39

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the climates of New Zealand?

A) rivers
B) latitude
C) moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean
D) proximity to local mountains
E) volcanic peaks

Question 40

Where did Australia's Aborigine population originate?

A) New Zealand
B) Southeast Asia
C) East Asia
D) Polynesia
E) Latin America

Question 41

How long ago did the ancestors of Australia's aboriginal population make their way to Australia?

A) 400 years ago
B) 4,000 years ago
C) 40,000 years ago
D) 400,000 years ago
E) 40 million years ago

Question 42

Which countries in the region comprising Australia and Oceania are the most urbanized?

A) Australia and Fiji
B) Australia and French Polynesia
C) Australia and Micronesia
D) Australia and New Zealand
E) Australia and Papua New Guinea

Question 43

The Maori

A) are concentrated on the South Island.
B) make up less than 3 percent of the New Zealand population.
C) have a greater impact on New Zealand than the Aborigines do in Australia.
D) ruled most of New Zealand until the early twentieth century.
E) do not favor the return to the use of the name "Aotearoa" for New Zealand.

Question 44

By approximately what year was Australia settled by Aborigines?

A) by 2500 BCE
B) by 1200 BCE
C) by 200 BCE
D) by 400 CE
E) by1200 CE

Question 45

All of the following are characteristic of countries located in the region known as Australia and Oceania, EXCEPT that

A) they are multicultural.
B) they are historically isolated.
C) they are relatively young states.
D) they are relatively untouched by Europe.
E) they are in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 46

In which country are Maoris the indigenous people?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Question 47

Which country of Australia/Oceania is known by its indigenous people as Aotearoa?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Tasmania
E) New Caledonia

Question 48

What is the cultural origin of the majority of Australia's population?

A) the Aboriginal population
B) France
C) Spain
D) Britain
E) South Asia

Question 49

Approximately what percentage of Australia's population lives in urban areas along the coast?

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 55%
D) 70%
E) 90%

Question 50

Why have residents of the Marshall Islands been displaced over the past few decades?

A) the legacy of nuclear testing
B) the destruction of the vegetative cover because of poor livestock grazing practices
C) a series of tsunamis that devastated the islands
D) climatic change that led to a long-term drought
E) a government policy of transmigration

Question 51

Australia's Aborigines

A) came to the continent about 2,500 years ago.
B) all speak the same language.
C) did not sign treaties with the colonizing Europeans.
D) have, for the most part, continued to live their traditional lifestyle.
E) have home ownership rates equal to those of Australians of British ancestry.

Question 52

Where did European colonization of Australia and Oceania begin?

A) New Zealand's North Island
B) Australia
C) the Cook Islands
D) the Marshall Islands
E) Fiji

Question 53

Where in Australia/Oceania do anthropologists have the greatest chance of finding "uncontacted peoples"?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Fiji
D) New Guinea
E) Tasmania

Question 54

Of the following places in Australia/Oceania, which was the first to be settled by humans?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Fiji
D) Hawaii
E) Cook Islands

Question 55

Along with indigenous Fijians, the other dominant ethnic group on Fiji is

A) South Asians
B) Maoris
C) Aborigines
D) Chinese
E) Europeans

Question 56

When Europeans arrived in Australia, what livelihood was most important to the Aborigines?

A) fishing
B) pastoral nomadism
C) hunting and gathering
D) plantation agriculture
E) swidden

Question 57

Who are "uncontacted peoples"?

A) people who do not have Internet hook-ups
B) people who do not have telephones
C) people who do not have access to television
D) cultural groups that have yet to be "discovered" by the Western world
E) cultural groups, like the Maroons in Latin America, who make a point of living away from major population centers

Question 58

What is the relationship between Aborigines and Maoris?

A) They are rivals.
B) The Aborigines are members of a high caste, while the Maoris are members of a low caste.
C) They are the same ethnic group, called by different names in their homelands.
D) They are culturally and ethnically distinct from each other.
E) They are political allies.

Question 59

In which country are Aborigines the indigenous people?

A) Fiji
B) Australia
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Question 60

What is the most urbanized country in the Australia/Oceania region?

A) Australia
B) Samoa
C) Vanuatu
D) New Caledonia
E) Marshall Islands

Question 61

Which of the following patterns of trade most accurately describes the region of Australia and Oceania over the past 30 years?

A) weakening ties to Great Britain and Europe; stronger ties with Japan, East Asia, the Middle East, and the United States
B) weakening ties to Great Britain and the rest of Europe, Japan, East Asia, the Middle East, and the United States
C) strengthening ties to Great Britain, the rest of Europe, United States, Japan, East Asia, and the Middle East
D) weakening ties to Great Britain and Europe; stronger ties with Japan, East Asia, the Middle East, and the United States
E) strengthening ties to Great Britain, the rest of Europe, and the United States; weakening ties to Japan, East Asia, and the Middle East

Question 62

In the early days of its colonization, Britain used Australia as a ________.

A) source of natural resources
B) source of slaves
C) tourist destination
D) prison colony
E) plantation

Question 63

What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?

A) to promote the emigration of Australians who were of European descent to other nations in the South Pacific
B) to encourage Australians of European descent to migrate from Australia's densely settled east coast to the more sparsely settled interior and west coast
C) It was an ethnic isolationist policy established by the Australian government, which sought to place the country's entire aboriginal population on reservation-like holdings in the far western portion of the country.
D) to promote immigration of (white) North Americans and Europeans to Australia
E) to clean up the country's white sand beaches, which had been seriously polluted by mining

Question 64

What is the name of the policy in Australia that promoted immigration from Europe and North America at the expense of other groups?

A) Anglo Australia Policy
B) White Australia Policy
C) British Commonwealth Immigration Initiative
D) Australia for Australians
E) Pure Australia Policy

Question 65

Which area of Fijian economic life do Indo-Fijians dominate?

A) commercial life
B) athletics
C) low-wage, low-skilled job
D) labor on sugarcane plantations
E) government

Question 66

France and the United States have both used the South Pacific for which of the following purposes, creating major health and environmental problems in Oceania?

A) forestry
B) nuclear testing
C) pollution exporting
D) prison colonies
E) tourism

Question 67

What destroyed the Bikini Atoll?

A) an earthquake
B) excessive logging
C) a traditional missile
D) a hurricane
E) a U.S. nuclear test

Question 68

What is the United States' main possession in Oceania?

A) Hawaii
B) Guam
C) Fiji
D) the Marshall Islands
E) Samoa

Question 69

Hawaii

A) closed itself to outside influence for most of the nineteenth century.
B) has always welcomed haoles.
C) has declared Pidgin English its official language.
D) is a possession of Japan.
E) does not have a white majority.

Question 70

Which island in the Australia/Oceania region was known as the "Jewel of French Polynesia"?

A) Bora Bora
B) Tonga
C) Bikini Island
D) Samoa
E) New Caledonia

Question 71

What strategy has been valuable to both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to gain greater control over their ancestral land and resources?

A) acts of terrorism
B) consumer boycotts
C) bribery
D) the political process
E) civil disobedience

Question 72

What was the main purpose of the Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993?

A) to restrain the autonomy of Australia's aboriginal population
B) to establish an aboriginal state in the northeastern portion of Western Australia
C) to grant Australia's aboriginal population the state of Tasmania
D) to grant Australia's aboriginal population the right to establish gambling operations on their lands
E) to compensate Australia's aboriginal population for lands they had given up

Question 73

What country agreed to build a spaceport on Micronesia's Christmas Island?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) France
D) Japan
E) United States

Question 74

What is the situation today between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians in Fiji?

A) The two groups coexist peacefully.
B) Ethnic tensions exist between the two groups.
C) Intermarriage between the two groups is common.
D) The Indo-Fijians have enslaved the indigenous Fijians.
E) The indigenous Fijians have enslaved the Indo-Fijians.

Question 75

What country has been called on most often in recent years to mediate disputes in Oceania?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Australia
D) United States
E) Japan

Question 76

What is New Zealand's most important commercial livestock?

A) cattle
B) hogs
C) kangaroos
D) llamas
E) sheep

Question 77

In what part of Australia/Oceania did the French test nuclear devices as recently as the 1990s?

A) Tuamotu Archipelago
B) New Caledonia
C) Federated States of Micronesia
D) Marshall Islands
E) Bikini Atoll

Question 78

Which of the following countries is NOT part of Melanesia?

A) Fiji
B) Papua New Guinea
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Question 79

What is the only country to conduct nuclear tests in Oceania in recent years?

A) China
B) France
C) India
D) Australia
E) Great Britain

Question 80

About how many different languages have been identified in Papua New Guinea?

A) 1
B) 30
C) 200
D) 350
E) 1,000