Deck 8: The Vitamins

Question 1

Generally, fat-soluble vitamins will be found in foods such as:

A)oranges and strawberries.
B)whole milk and eggs.
C)potatoes and carrots.
D)lettuce and spinach.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in:

A)accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections.
B)a nonobservable condition, because they are excreted.
C)possible toxicity, due to an accumulation in the body.
D)weight gain due to increased fat intake.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sixty milligrams of niacin can be made from one milligram of tryptophan.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

active form of vitamin A for vision is:

A)opsin.
B)collagen.
C)retinal.
D)keratin.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a true statement about fat-soluble vitamins?

A)They are readily excreted from the body when consumed in excess.
B)They must be bound to proteins to travel in the blood.
C)They may be consumed less frequently than the water-soluble vitamins.
D)They may accumulate to toxic levels in the body.

Question 6

The body makes one unit of retinol from approximately 12 units of beta-carotene.

Question 7

Because of their inorganic nature, vitamins can be destroyed during storage and in cooking and must be handled with care.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E
E)vitamin K

Question 9

is not absolutely necessary to consume the fat-soluble vitamins every day because they:

A)would just be excreted from the body.
B)are only absorbed in limited amounts.
C)can be stored in the body for future use.
D)would reach toxic amounts in the body.

Question 10

The eight B vitamins must be present in every cell at all times to function as they should.

Question 11

The only disease a vitamin can cure is the disease caused by a deficiency of that vitamin.

Question 12

dietary deficiency of vitamin A can produce:

A)rickets.
B)night blindness.
C)a prolonged blood-clotting time.
D)sensitivity to light.

Question 13

The cooking method used to prepare a food can affect the bioavailability of vitamins.

Question 14

Potatoes provide about half of the vitamin C consumed by Americans.

Question 15

Which form of vitamin A is involved in gene expression?

A)retinoic acid
B)retinol
C)retinal
D)retinol-binding protein

Question 16

In vegans, the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ may be masked by the high intake of folate.

Question 17

amount of a vitamin absorbed and used by the body is called:

A)vitamin efficiency.
B)bioavailability.
C)fortification.
D)vitamin equivalency.

Question 18

In adults, vitamin E deficiency is usually associated with diseases that cause malabsorption of carbohydrates.

Question 19

fat-soluble vitamins:

A)are less stable than the water-soluble vitamins.
B)require bile for absorption.
C)are usually constituents of coenzymes.
D)are not essential.

Question 20

Children are most vulnerable to vitamin A toxicity because they need less of the vitamin.

Question 21

Excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults may result in:

A)greater bone density.
B)mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney.
C)deformity of the leg bones, ribs, and skull.
D)increased bone calcification.

Question 22

Vitamin D can be made in the body with the help of:

A)bacteria.
B)tryptophan.
C)vitamin A.
D)sunlight.

Question 23

Children with measles or measles-related infections may benefit from supplementation with:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin A.
C)iron.
D)folate.

Question 24

Among fruits and vegetables, the best sources of beta-carotene are:

A)green or yellow, like lettuce and corn.
B)dark green or deep orange, like broccoli and sweet potatoes.
C)green, like lettuce, peas, and snap beans.
D)brightly colored, like tomatoes and lemons.

Question 25

Excessive vitamin A during pregnancy poses a teratogenic risk.This means that:

A)it can increase the risk of birth defects.
B)it can build up in the blood and cause calcification of soft tissues.
C)it can result in a low-birth weight infant.
D)it can increase the risk of infectious disease.

Question 26

Osteomalacia is mainly due to a deficiency of:

A)vitamin A.
B)vitamin D.
C)parathormone.
D)calcitonin.

Question 27

Identify the food group that is the best source of beta-carotene.

A)meat group
B)milk group
C)vegetable group
D)grain group

Question 28

excess of vitamin _____ can cause excess calcium withdrawal from the bones.

A)A
B)B₆
C)D
D)C

Question 29

Many of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness and an increase in respiratory infections, are related to the role of vitamin A in:

A)blood clotting.
B)synthesis of visual pigment.
C)maintaining the epithelial cells.
D)synthesis of some hormones.

Question 30

After 30 minutes of sun exposure, which of the following people would have synthesized more vitamin D?

A)a light-skinned person
B)a dark-skinned person
C)neither, because skin pigmentation is not related to vitamin D synthesis
D)they would both synthesize the same amount

Question 31

Vitamin A toxicity is likely to occur from:

A)consuming too many dark green and deep orange vegetables.
B)overconsumption of whole grains.
C)consuming large amounts of fortified foods or vitamin A supplements.
D)drinking too much orange juice.

Question 32

Beta-carotene prevents _____ from damaging cells.

A)free radicals
B)antioxidants
C)blood clots
D)vitamin E

Question 33

main function of vitamin D in bone growth is to:

A)synthesize 7-dehydrocholesterol.
B)assist in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
C)mobilize calcium from the bone.
D)secrete calcitonin.

Question 34

effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the:

A)nervous system.
B)skeletal system.
C)muscular system.
D)epithelial tissue.

Question 35

vitamin D-deficiency disease of children is:

A)xerophthalmia.
B)osteomalacia.
C)osteoporosis.
D)rickets.

Question 36

Vitamin A plays a role in cell differentiation.What does this mean?

A)It helps cells differentiate between the vitamins.
B)It allows cells to mature so they can perform their intended functions.
C)It promotes the storage of fat-soluble vitamins.
D)It aids in differentiating between fat- and water-soluble vitamins.

Question 37

Which of the following is the major cause of preventable childhood blindness in the world?

A)vitamin C deficiency
B)riboflavin deficiency
C)pantothenic acid deficiency
D)vitamin A deficiency

Question 38

If your eyes have difficulty adjusting to dim light, which of the following foods might improve your vision?

A)candied carrots
B)a peanut butter sandwich
C)brewer's yeast
D)pork chops

Question 39

Vitamin A is involved in all of the following except:

A)maintaining healthy epithelial tissues.
B)maintaining healthy eye tissues.
C)fighting infection.
D)releasing energy from the energy-yielding nutrients.

Question 40

deficiency of vitamin _____ can cause rickets.

A)A
B)B₁₂
C)C
D)D

Question 41

Overconsumption of the water-soluble vitamins will likely result in:

A)a reserve supply, which will aid in the prevention of colds and infections.
B)no apparent change, because they are stored in the adipose tissues.
C)no apparent change, because they are excreted.
D)toxic accumulation in the liver.

Question 42

Vitamin E is widespread in all of the following foods except:

A)margarine.
B)salad dressing.
C)wheat germ oil.
D)butter.

Question 43

Vitamin K has long been known for:

A)being responsible for energy metabolism.
B)promoting healthy epithelial tissue.
C)being involved with blood clotting.
D)enhancing calcium utilization.

Question 44

Which vitamin can be used as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of high cholesterol?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin E
C)niacin
D)vitamin C

Question 45

Vitamin E deficiency causes:

A)xerophthalmia.
B)rickets.
C)erythrocyte hemolysis.
D)osteomalacia.

Question 46

major role of vitamin E in the body seems to be to:

A)aid in normal blood clotting.
B)act as an antioxidant.
C)aid in formation of normal epithelial tissue.
D)act as a coenzyme in protein metabolism.

Question 47

Vitamin E:

A)functions as an effective antisterility agent in human beings.
B)protects vitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
C)is needed by human beings as a dietary supplement because of the variety of functions it has in the body.
D)slows down the aging process.

Question 48

Factors that may limit sun exposure and, therefore, vitamin D synthesis include all of the following except:

A)geographic location.
B)season of the year.
C)sunscreens.
D)use of tanning beds.

Question 49

Vitamin E deficiencies are rarely observed in human beings because:

A)the vitamin is so widespread in foods.
B)it can be synthesized by the body.
C)most people take vitamin E supplements.
D)it is not essential.

Question 50

Vitamin D deficiency is most likely among:

A)dark-skinned people who live in the south.
B)fair-skinned people who live in the south.
C)dark-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight.
D)fair-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight.

Question 51

Which of the following foods would make the greatest contribution to a person's intake of riboflavin?

A)oatmeal
B)milk
C)oranges
D)yellow squash

Question 52

chemical name for vitamin E is:

A)beta-carotene.
B)cholecalciferol.
C)ascorbic acid.
D)tocopherol.

Question 53

Abuse of alcohol may lead to a severe form of thiamin deficiency called:

A)beriberi.
B)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
C)pellagra.
D)rickets.

Question 54

Thiamin is involved in:

A)formation of red blood cells.
B)blood coagulation.
C)collagen formation.
D)energy metabolism.

Question 55

Which vitamin is synthesized in the intestine by bacteria?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin E

Question 56

Regarding vitamin E supplementation, scientists have concluded that:

A)there is not enough evidence to recommend taking supplements to prevent heart disease.
B)sufficient evidence exists to recommend that everyone over 40 should take a supplement.
C)large doses are more beneficial than low doses.
D)all people who have had a heart attack should take a supplement.

Question 57

the list below, choose the most reliable food source of vitamin D for children.

A)whole grains
B)fortified milk
C)yogurt
D)orange juice

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of niacin?

A)It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.
B)It can be used successfully to cure schizophrenia.
C)It is water soluble and therefore safe to administer in large doses.
D)It is an antioxidant.

Question 59

most well-known role of vitamin B₆ is in relation to:

A)carbohydrate and lactose metabolism.
B)fat metabolism.
C)protein and amino acid metabolism.
D)mineral metabolism.

Question 60

Riboflavin is used by the body to:

A)facilitate energy metabolism.
B)prevent the disease pellagra.
C)provide building material for red blood cells.
D)maintain epithelial tissue.

Question 61

first signs of vitamin C deficiency appear in the:

A)blood vessels.
B)bones.
C)hair.
D)fingernails.

Question 62

Phytochemicals:

A)are essential nutrients.
B)are bioactive compounds found in foods.
C)have no biological activity in the body.
D)are nonessential nutrients.

Question 63

replacement of red blood cells and digestive tract cells depends most heavily on:

A)thiamin.
B)riboflavin.
C)niacin.
D)folate.

Question 64

Among the following, the best food sources for the water-soluble vitamins are:

A)butter and vegetable oils.
B)oranges and cereals.
C)sugar and cornstarch.
D)egg yolks and apples.

Question 65

absorption of iron from iron-containing foods can double or triple when eaten at the same meal with foods containing:

A)folate.
B)protein.
C)vitamin C.
D)calcium.

Question 66

Which vitamin is most vulnerable to interactions with alcohol and other drugs?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin E
C)folate
D)biotin

Question 67

formation of collagen requires an adequate intake of:

A)vitamin K.
B)vitamin E.
C)vitamin C.
D)folate.

Question 68

Which of the following groups needs an intake of vitamin C in excess of the RDA?

A)smokers
B)professional athletes
C)the elderly
D)growing children

Question 69

of the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency, such as dry scaly skin and failure of wounds to heal, are related to the role of vitamin C in the synthesis of:

A)calcium and iron.
B)thyroxin.
C)collagen.
D)adrenal hormones.

Question 70

The best way to reap the benefits of phytochemicals is by:

A)eating a variety of plant foods.
B)taking a variety of supplements.
C)increasing your consumption of animal foods.
D)frequently consuming manufactured functional foods.

Question 71

_____ may occur from taking megadoses of vitamin C.

A)Iron overload
B)Scurvy
C)Gout
D)Gallstones

Question 72

Which of these meals is lacking in vitamin C?

A)hotdog, cabbage, french fries, and milk
B)roast beef, cheese sauce, noodles, and tea
C)roast beef, broccoli, noodles, and coffee
D)spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatballs, garlic bread, and cantaloupe

Question 73

most important role of vitamin B₁₂ is to assist folate in:

A)cell division.
B)conversion of tryptophan to niacin.
C)release of energy from food.
D)regulation of the body's use of calcium and phosphorus.

Question 74

Ascorbic acid is another name for:

A)niacin.
B)thiamin.
C)vitamin C.
D)vitamin B₆.

Question 75

Absorption of _____ requires the presence of intrinsic factor.

A)vitamin B₆
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin A

Question 76

Which of the following statements is not true regarding functional foods?

A)Functional foods provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition by altering one or more body processes.
B)Vegetables, fruits, and other whole foods are examples of functional foods.
C)Calcium-fortified orange juice is a functional food.
D)The health benefits of functional foods are listed on the food label.

Question 77

Vitamin B₆ differs from the other water-soluble vitamins because:

A)it does not play a role in the metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients.
B)it can be stored in the body.
C)it is absorbed like the fat-soluble vitamins.
D)it is only found in animal foods.

Question 78

Studies suggest that a diet rich in carotenoids is associated with a lower risk of:

A)diabetes.
B)arthritis.
C)heart disease.
D)osteoporosis.

Question 79

Which of the following groups of people is most at risk for a primary deficiency of vitamin B₁₂?

A)the elderly
B)infants
C)athletes
D)vegans