Deck 4: Protein

Question 1

process of protein breakdown and synthesis is called:

A)protein recovery.
B)the protein cycle.
C)protein turnover.
D)protein rotation.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

essential amino acid:

A)is not necessary to the diet.
B)must be supplied by the diet.
C)can be made from glucose in the body.
D)can be made from fat in the body.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the nine essential amino acids?

A)carnitine
B)phenylalanine
C)tryptophan
D)histidine

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Enzymes:

A)are made up of carbohydrate.
B)are essential to all life processes.
C)are altered by the chemical reactions they facilitate.
D)are essential nutrients.

Question 5

person is in positive nitrogen balance during:

A)growth.
B)old age.
C)exercise.
D)adulthood.

Question 6

component that distinguishes one amino acid from another is its:

A)side group.
B)backbone.
C)size.
D)shape.

Question 7

The term "non-essential," as it applies to amino acids, means that:

A)the body does not require them.
B)they differ in their capacity to support growth.
C)the liver can produce those the body lacks.
D)they are not used to synthesize tissue.

Question 8

Research supports the idea that vegetarians may actually be healthier than meat eaters.

Question 9

many essential amino acids are required by the adult?

A)9
B)16
C)10
D)22

Question 10

example of a conditionally essential amino acid is:

A)valine.
B)leucine.
C)lysine.
D)tyrosine.

Question 11

a normal, healthy adult consumes twice as much protein as he requires, his nitrogen output will:

A)equal his nitrogen intake.
B)exceed his nitrogen intake.
C)depend on his individual pattern.
D)be less than his nitrogen intake.

Question 12

Vegans must carefully combine their plant protein foods in order to obtain the full array of essential amino acids.
Nutrition in Practice - Vegetarian Diets

Question 13

Roteins are comprised of chains of:

A)monosaccharides.
B)fatty acids.
C)ketones.
D)amino acids.

Question 14

The DRI committee that reviewed the safety of amino acid supplements was unable to set Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for safe supplement use.

Question 15

the shape of a protein is changed, the _____ of the protein is changed.

A)function
B)size
C)electrical charge
D)nutritional value

Question 16

Rotein is:

A)unique in that it is the only dietary component that contains oxygen.
B)important primarily because it builds strong bones and teeth.
C)made up of 20 different amino acids.
D)made up of branches of amino acids combined with branches of glucose.

Question 17

Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food.This is true because:

A)not all necessary amino acids are found in food.
B)hormones furnish the missing amino acids.
C)the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others.
D)the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from fatty acids.

Question 18

Individuals likely to be in negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except:

A)people who have burns.
B)individuals who are starving.
C)individuals who are pregnant.
D)people with serious injuries.

Question 19

Roteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:

A)glycerol.
B)carbon.
C)fatty acids.
D)nitrogen.

Question 20

Essential amino acids:

A)are found mostly in plant foods.
B)cannot be synthesized by the body.
C)cannot be supplied by the diet.
D)are the best source of energy for the body.

Question 21

important buffer in the maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is:

A)fatty acids.
B)lactic acid.
C)protein.
D)carbohydrate.

Question 22

One of the reasons why acid-base balance is so important in the body is that:

A)highly acidic conditions cause vital proteins to denature.
B)highly acidic conditions cause the destruction of certain fatty acids.
C)acid-base imbalances contribute to the destruction of hormones.
D)acid-base imbalances compromise growth in children.

Question 23

is the primary cause of the edema that accompanies kwashiorkor?

A)Proteins and hormones diminish and fluid leaks into interstitial spaces.
B)Lipoprotein synthesis is diminished, causing fat to accumulate.
C)Protein is lost from the heart muscle, resulting in a weak heartbeat.
D)Synthesis of enzymes is reduced.

Question 24

Resistance to disease is dependent largely on the body's:

A)carbohydrates.
B)lipids.
C)proteins.
D)vitamins.

Question 25

reason why proteins in fluids can help determine the fluids' distribution in living systems is that proteins are:

A)large.
B)resistant to heat.
C)attracted to water.
D)small.

Question 26

severe malnutrition of marasmus:

A)results in low resistance to disease.
B)causes increased body temperature.
C)is found only in children.
D)affects physical development but leaves the brain unaffected.

Question 27

accumulation in the liver is a symptom of:

A)kwashiorkor.
B)marasmus.
C)eosinophilia myalgia syndrome.
D)dystentery.

Question 28

Which of the following proteins helps the body maintain its resistance to disease?

A)antibodies
B)collagen
C)hormones
D)hemoglobin

Question 29

order to estimate a person's protein requirements, you must know her or his:

A)age.
B)height.
C)weight.
D)gender.

Question 30

antibody is a type of protein that:

A)regulates pH balance in the body.
B)transports lipids throughout the body.
C)protects the body from viruses, bacteria, and other disease agents.
D)regulates fluid balance in the body.

Question 31

protein RDA for adults is _____ grams per kilogram of body weight.

A)0.4
B)0.5
C)0.8
D)1.0

Question 32

Marasmus may best be described as a nutritional deficiency disease caused by:

A)a chronic, severe deprivation of food.
B)deficiency of energy.
C)a chronic, severe deprivation of protein.
D)deficiency of protein and vitamins.

Question 33

Risks associated with the overconsumption of protein include all of the following except:

A)an increased risk of heart disease.
B)the worsening of existing kidney disease.
C)inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
D)an increased risk of developing liver disease.

Question 34

end products of protein metabolism are excreted by the:

A)stomach.
B)liver.
C)kidneys.
D)gallbladder.

Question 35

Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among:

A)older adults.
B)newborns.
C)newly weaned children.
D)adolescents.

Question 36

Amino acids are a secondary source of energy.Their primary function is to:

A)build proteins needed by the body.
B)provide essential water-soluble vitamins.
C)produce thyroxin and insulin.
D)supply most of the kcalories in the average U.S.diet.

Question 37

body uses amino acids extensively for energy when:

A)protein stores run low.
B)there is inadequate glucose or fatty acids.
C)an athlete performs strength training exercises.
D)the body becomes dehydrated.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is not true of enzymes?

A)They are essential to all life processes.
B)They are all proteins.
C)They are involved in synthesis reactions only.
D)They are all catalysts.

Question 39

The child with marasmus differs from the child with kwashiorkor in that the:

A)marasmic child has a skin rash.
B)marasmic child experiences edema.
C)marasmic child is young enough to suffer brain impairment.
D)marasmic child develops a fatty liver.

Question 40

glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which two parts of the body becomes compromised?

A)lungs and circulatory system
B)kidneys and liver
C)brain and nervous system
D)bones and muscles

Question 41

best choice for a dessert that will provide high-quality protein is:

A)milk pudding.
B)fruit gelatin.
C)sherbet.
D)egg custard.

Question 42

of the following provides about seven grams of protein except:

A)½ cup of legumes.
B)1 ounce chicken.
C)1 egg.
D)1 slice of bread.

Question 43

of the following are considered to be high-quality proteins except:

A)fish.
B)eggs.
C)milk.
D)gelatin.

Question 44

Complementary proteins:

A)enhance the taste of food.
B)increase the quality of the protein.
C)combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids.
D)decrease the loss of nitrogen from the body.

Question 45

measure of the amount of amino acids absorbed from a given protein intake is called:

A)protein quality.
B)net protein utilization.
C)protein digestibility.
D)protein efficiency ratio.

Question 46

RDA for protein for a 121-pound woman is _____ grams per day.

A)44
B)60
C)75
D)100

Question 47

recommended intake of protein is _____ of daily energy intake.

A)15-20%
B)10-20%
C)15-35%
D)10-35%

Question 48

25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes 2,700 kcalories with 45 grams of protein a day.If two-thirds of the protein comes from animal sources, it may be concluded that he:

A)ingested his recommended allowance of protein.
B)needs 8 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance.
C)needs 11 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance.
D)has exceeded his recommended allowance of protein.

Question 49

Which of the following provides the largest amount of protein?

A)½ cup cooked broccoli
B)2 tablespoons peanut butter
C)1 cup milk
D)1 cup tofu

Question 50

happens when the diet is lacking an essential amino acid?

A)Proteins will be made but they will be limited in that particular amino acid.
B)The body will synthesize it.
C)A person's health will not be affected as long as carbohydrate and fat intakes are adequate.
D)Protein synthesis will be limited.

Question 51

essential amino acid found in the shortest supply relative to the amounts needed for protein synthesis in the body is termed a(n) _____ amino acid.

A)indigestible
B)non-essential
C)reduced
D)limiting

Question 52

setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumed that:

A)protein will be of low quality.
B)protein will be consumed together with adequate energy and other nutrients.
C)other nutrients in the diet will be inadequate.
D)the RDA will be applied to individuals with unusual metabolic needs.

Question 53

protein requirement of a child as compared to an adult is:

A)approximately the same.
B)higher.
C)much lower.
D)dependent on the activity level of the child.

Question 54

Which of the following foods contains low-quality protein?

A)corn
B)soy
C)legumes
D)beef

Question 55

plant food with the highest protein digestibility is:

A)corn.
B)sweet potato.
C)asparagus.
D)soybeans.

Question 56

many grams of protein are in a 6-ounce serving of rib eye steak?

A)18
B)24
C)42
D)48

Question 57

What is the best strategy for consuming adequate amino acids?

A)Eat high-quality proteins or foods containing complementary proteins.
B)Avoid protein supplements in favor of single amino acid supplements.
C)Take the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental amino acids.
D)Consume the perfect ratio of carbohydrate to protein.

Question 58

Which of the following provides the highest quality protein?

A)citrus fruits
B)cereal
C)legumes
D)bread

Question 59

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Guide contains only tiny amounts of protein?

A)fruit
B)vegetables
C)grains
D)milk

Question 60

consumes approximately 1800 kcalories per day.If she wants to consume 15% of her kcalories from protein, how many grams of protein would she need each day?

A)28
B)48
C)58
D)68

Question 61

Someone who excludes meat from their diet but occasionally consumes poultry, fish, and shellfish is called a:

A)lacto-ovo vegetarian.
B)partial vegetarian.
C)ovo-vegetarian.
D)temporary vegetarian.

Question 62

All of the following foods will provide essential fatty acids to a vegan except:

A)kidney beans.
B)flaxseed.
C)soybeans.
D)walnuts.

Question 63

Structural proteins are found in all of the following except:

A)muscles.
B)blood.
C)hormones.
D)bones.

Question 64

All of the following foods will contribute to the calcium intake of a vegan except:

A)dark, green, leafy vegetables.
B)fortified soy milk.
C)legumes.
D)deep orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.

Question 65

Discuss potential problems with the use of amino acid supplements.

Question 66

Vegetarians should eat iron-rich foods with foods rich in _____ to increase iron absorption.

A)vitamin C
B)calcium
C)phytic acid
D)fiber

Question 67

Dietary protein will not be used efficiently and will not support growth if _____ are lacking in the diet.

A)vegetables
B)essential fatty acids
C)kcalories
D)dairy foods

Question 68

major reason why people must have sufficient carbohydrate and fat in the diet is to:

A)stimulate the breakdown of body protein for energy.
B)prevent the loss of essential fatty acids.
C)prevent the breakdown of body protein for energy.
D)stimulate the synthesis of essential amino acids.

Question 69

Under what conditions will dietary protein not be used efficiently by the body, regardless of the quality? Why does this occur?

Question 70

Describe the role of protein in maintaining the body's acid-base balance.

Question 71

What are the possible risks associated with overconsumption of protein?

Question 72

Discuss the factors that determine protein quality.What makes a protein "high quality"?

Question 73

task of acquiring enough vitamin B₁₂ may pose a problem to vegans because:

A)fibers in vegetables inhibit its absorption.
B)they lack the intrinsic factor.
C)it is found only in animal-derived products.
D)deficiency may occur from excess intake of soy products.

Question 74

Differentiate between the symptoms of kwashiorkor and marasmus.

Question 75

vegetarian must be careful about intakes of:

A)vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too high.
B)iron and zinc; they may be too low.
C)iron and zinc; they may be too high.
D)vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too low.

Question 76

Explain the difference between an essential and a nonessential amino acid.

Question 77

All of the following non-meat mixtures provide high-quality protein except:

A)black beans and rice.
B)pasta with broccoli, peppers, and sesame seeds.
C)peanut butter and whole-wheat bread sandwich.
D)stir-fried cabbage, squash, and green peppers.

Question 78

Which minerals are most likely to be lacking in the diet of vegetarians?

A)sodium, potassium, and chloride
B)zinc, magnesium, and fluoride
C)iron, manganese, and calcium
D)iron, zinc, and calcium