Deck 6: Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Question 1

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Skinfold measurements provide an inaccurate estimate of total body fat.
Nutrition in Practice - Eating Disorders

Answer 2

False

Question 3

production of glucose from protein or fat is called:

A)glyconeogenesis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)glycolysis.
D)glycogenolysis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

percentage of fat cannot be converted to glucose at all?

A)50
B)75
C)95
D)100

Question 5

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving.

Question 6

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate.

Question 7

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference.

Question 8

The body's adaptations to fasting are sufficient to maintain life for a long period.

Question 9

healthy pancreas secretes _____ into the blood between meals and _____ right after a meal.

A)glucagon; insulin
B)insulin; glucagon
C)digestive juices; glucagon
D)glycogen; digestive juices

Question 10

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments.Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased?

A)pancreas
B)heart and blood vessels
C)liver
D)kidneys

Question 11

More men suffer from bulimia nervosa than from anorexia.

Question 12

Basal metabolic needs are large compared to energy needs for activities.

Question 13

metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called:

A)metabolism.
B)glycolysis.
C)lipolysis.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Question 14

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness.

Question 15

Which of the following systems possesses the most rapidly multiplying cells?

A)digestive
B)excretory
C)cardiovascular
D)nervous

Question 16

part of the triglyceride that can be made into glucose is:

A)short-chain fatty acids.
B)medium-chain fatty acids.
C)all fatty acids.
D)glycerol.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A)metabolizing nutrients
B)manufacturing immune factors and transport proteins
C)secreting insulin and glucagon
D)participating in iron recycling

Question 18

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

Question 19

Voluntary activities normally require less energy in a day than basal metabolism does.

Question 20

Normally, the nervous system consumes more than 50% of the total glucose used each day.

Question 21

Which of the following is/are an acidic, fat-related compound(s) formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrate is not available?

A)amino acids
B)pyruvate
C)carbon dioxide
D)ketone bodies
E)ammonia and urea

Question 22

As the body shifts to partial dependence on ketones for energy during prolonged fasting:

A)the body increases its energy output.
B)the body conserves its lean tissue.
C)the body increases its metabolism.
D)the body's loss of lean tissue increases.

Question 23

is lowest during:

A)pregnancy.
B)physical activity.
C)sleep.
D)sedentary activity.

Question 24

Surplus dietary carbohydrate is first stored as:

A)glycogen.
B)protein.
C)fat.
D)triglycerides.

Question 25

Fasting results in:

A)degradation of lean body tissue.
B)safe, quick, and easy loss of fat tissue.
C)immediate loss of energy and mental alertness.
D)cleansing of toxins from the body.

Question 26

every _____ kcalories a person eats in excess of kcalorie expenditures, a pound of body fat is stored.

A)100
B)350
C)1000
D)3500

Question 27

Energy is stored in the body for future use as:

A)triglycerides.
B)glycerol.
C)fatty acids.
D)lecithin.

Question 28

the first few days of fasting, body protein is used primarily to:

A)rebuild tissue.
B)replace worn out cells.
C)provide glucose.
D)stabilize fluid balance.

Question 29

Alcohol contributes to obesity because it:

A)diminishes the body's use of fat for fuel.
B)has as many kcalories as fat.
C)increases appetite.
D)encourages storage of body protein.

Question 30

Which of the following individuals would have the lowest basal metabolic rate?

A)a pregnant woman
B)a tall, thin person
C)a person with malnutrition
D)a person with a fever

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of alcohol on body weight?

A)Alcohol yields no energy so it does not affect body weight.
B)Alcohol is low in kcalories and has very little effect on body weight.
C)Alcohol slows down the body's use of fat, causing more fat to be stored.
D)Alcohol speeds up the body's metabolism and discourages the storage of body fat.

Question 32

Changes that take place in the body during fasting include all of the following except:

A)wasting of lean tissue.
B)disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance.
C)impairment of disease resistance.
D)increased body temperature.

Question 33

carbohydrate consumption is in excess of body needs, the excess glucose is:

A)not absorbed from the small intestine.
B)excreted in the feces.
C)stored as glycogen and fat.
D)stored as glycogen only.

Question 34

Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body's stores of _____ are depleted.

A)glycogen
B)amino acids
C)fatty acids
D)glycerol

Question 35

The part of a triglyceride that can be made into glucose is:

A)the saturated fatty acids.
B)the glycerol backbone..
C)the unsaturated fatty acids.
D)the long-chain fatty acids.

Question 36

protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and:

A)stored as fat.
B)excreted in the feces.
C)stored as amino acids.
D)stored as glycogen and fat.

Question 37

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when:

A)excessive fat is present in the blood.
B)vigorous muscular activity has just ended.
C)excessive glucose is present in the blood.
D)excessive cholesterol is present in the blood.

Question 38

energy needed to maintain life when a person is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest is termed:

A)basal metabolism.
B)the kcalorie.
C)physiological fuel value.
D)heat of combustion.

Question 39

Basal metabolic rate is lowered by:

A)loss of lean body mass.
B)stress or fever.
C)high thyroid gland activity.
D)increase in lean body mass.

Question 40

all the nutrients, which is the easiest for the body to store as fat?

A)protein
B)carbohydrates
C)fat
D)vitamins

Question 41

Which of the following individuals would have the slowest basal metabolic rate?

A)a 51-year-old male
B)a 20-year-old inactive woman
C)a 25-year-old pregnant woman
D)a 3-year-old child

Question 42

lack of body fat can result in:

A)infertility in women.
B)depression.
C)abnormal hunger regulation.
D)insomnia.

Question 43

Given that EER for women = [354 - (6.91  age)] + PA  [(9.36  wt) + (726  ht)], estimate the energy requirements for Anne, an active 27 year old who is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 130 pounds.Choose the kcal range closest to your estimate.

A)1700-1800
B)2300-2400
C)2600-2700
D)3200-3300

Question 44

order to calculate a person's EER, which of the following is not required?

A)height
B)percent body fat
C)weight
D)gender

Question 45

Which type of fat poses the greatest risk to health?

A)visceral fat
B)dietary fat
C)subcutaneous fat
D)lower body fat

Question 46

Which of the following is not a factor in the variability of energy needs between individuals?

A)gender
B)age
C)physical activity
D)food preferences

Question 47

thermic effect of food represents about _____% of the total food energy taken in.

A)4
B)10
C)16
D)25

Question 48

weakness in using BMI to assess body weight is:

A)it doesn't distinguish between male and female.
B)it doesn't distinguish between young and old.
C)it doesn't indicate where excess fat is located on the body.
D)it doesn't indicate the ideal weight for a given height.

Question 49

good indicator of fat distribution on an individual is:

A)BMI.
B)body weight.
C)hip circumference.
D)waist circumference.

Question 50

body component has the greatest variability in quantity and quality?

A)bone mass
B)muscle mass
C)fluid
D)fat mass

Question 51

have a higher BMR than females because they:

A)are more active.
B)eat more.
C)have more lean tissue.
D)have more fat tissue.

Question 52

Calculate the BMI of a male who is 5'11" tall and weighs 210 pounds.

A)23
B)27
C)29
D)33

Question 53

health risk associated with central obesity has to do with:

A)an imbalance in adipokines.
B)the proximity of the excess fat to the gallbladder.
C)an imbalance in cytokines.
D)the proximity of excess fat to the small intestine.

Question 54

Which of the following people would be at lowest risk for the accumulation of abdominal fat?

A)a smoker
B)a postmenopausal woman
C)a middle-aged man
D)a premenopausal woman

Question 55

generally have a higher BMR than women do because:

A)women have less lean body mass.
B)women tend to eat less.
C)men tend to eat more.
D)men have less lean body mass.

Question 56

Which of the following individuals would be classified as being very active?

A)a carpenter
B)a teacher
C)a football player
D)a gardener

Question 57

individual can most easily alter his/her energy output by altering:

A)the time of day he/she exercises.
B)the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise.
C)his/her eating patterns.
D)the combination of foods eaten at a meal.

Question 58

recommended range of body fat for a woman is:

A)13 to 21%.
B)15 to 23%.
C)23 to 31%.
D)27 to 35%.

Question 59

The basal metabolic rate slows with increasing age because:

A)the elderly are malnourished.
B)fat mass in the body decreases.
C)digestive efficiency declines.
D)lean body mass diminishes.

Question 60

According to BMI criteria, a person with a BMI of 24 would be considered:

A)underweight.
B)overweight.
C)obese.
D)normal weight.

Question 61

Identify and briefly describe five factors that affect a person's basal metabolic rate.

Question 62

Define the thermic effect of food and explain its effect on energy expenditure.

Question 63

What are the three characteristics of the female athlete triad?

Question 64

Characteristics of individuals with anorexia nervosa include:

A)they come from families of lower economic means.
B)polite, controlled, rigid, unspontaneous behavior.
C)they come from families that value an inner sense of worth.
D)rebellious, uncontrollable behavior.

Question 65

Explain why excessive abdominal fat appears to increase the risk of chronic disease.

Question 66

Which eating disorder responds most readily to treatment?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia
C)binge eating disorder
D)body dysmorphic disorder

Question 67

About _____% of U.S.adults are overweight or obese.

A)33
B)42
C)57
D)68

Question 68

Lindsay is 23 years old and graduated from college with honors.She is emotionally insecure and experiences considerable social anxiety.She has no close friends, is sometimes depressed, and often exhibits impulsive behavior.Lindsay has a preoccupation with food and her weight even though she is close to her ideal body weight.Lindsay most nearly fits the profile of a person with:

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)binge eating disorder.
C)bulimia.
D)body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 69

Discuss three indicators used to identify and evaluate the health risks from overweight and obesity.

Question 70

Explain why less fat may be lost during fasting than is lost when at least some food is supplied.

Question 71

Obesity is officially defined as a BMI of ____ or higher.

A)25
B)30
C)35
D)40

Question 72

All of the following are health risks associated with obesity except:

A)hypertension.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)sleep apnea.
D)tuberculosis.

Question 73

Which of the following is not a criteria for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa?

A)Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimal normal weight for age and height
B)Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight
C)Undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation
D)Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain

Question 74

Which of the following is not one of the three indicators established by obesity experts for evaluating health risks from overweight and obesity?

A)a person's disease risk profile
B)BMI
C)waist circumference
D)family history

Question 75

Describe how fat can be made from an excess of each of the energy nutrients-carbohydrate, protein, or fat.

Question 76

of the goals of the dietary plan to treat bulimia is to help clients:

A)decrease control.
B)restrict kcalorie intake.
C)restore nutritional health.
D)develop a set pattern of menus.

Question 77

primary factor involved in the development of eating disorders is:

A)the use of antidepressant drugs.
B)dissatisfaction with one's body.
C)aversions to certain foods.
D)an absent parent.

Question 78

Explain how the body maintains its constant normal temperature of 98.6° F.

Question 79

consequences of purging may include any of the following except:

A)erosion of the teeth.
B)a ruptured esophagus.
C)dangerously low potassium concentrations.
D)a ruptured appendix.

Question 80

Which person is at the greatest health risk?

A)a 27-year-old woman with a waist circumference of 40 inches
B)a 25-year-old athlete with a BMI of 33
C)a 50-year-old male with a BMI of 29 who works out every day
D)a 42-year-old woman with a waist circumference of 34 inches