Deck 9: Interpersonal Attraction

Question 1

The more we see and interact with other people,the more likely they are to become our friends.This statement captures the essence of the _______ effect.

A) antecedent
B) propinquity
C) similarity
D) mere exposure
E) reciprocity

Answer 1

propinquity

Question 2

Had you sat in the back row of your classes instead of the front,shopped at Safeway instead of a local market,lived in the south end of town instead of the north,you might have married someone entirely different.This illustrates the power of _______ in the formation of relationships.

A) mere exposure
B) sociometric status
C) functional interactions
D) chance
E) random encounters

Answer 2

mere exposure

Question 3

When Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied friendship patterns among married couples in an apartment complex at MIT,they found that people who lived at the foot of the stairs or near mailboxes had more friends on upper floors than did other people who lived on the first floor.This illustrates the power of _______ to influence friendship patterns.

A) similarity
B) movement patterns
C) functional distance
D) chance
E) physical distance

Answer 3

functional distance

Question 4

Which of the following adages most directly contradicts research findings on the propinquity effect?

A) Never judge a book by its cover.
B) Opposites attract.
C) Birds of a feather flock together.
D) Familiarity breeds contempt.
E) You never get a second chance to make a good first impression.

Question 5

You are very sociable and outgoing,so at a holiday party,you approach a quiet young woman standing alone in the corner.To break the ice,you discuss a number of "safe" topics like what the winter will be like,what new television shows are worth watching,and what books you've been reading lately.You see eye-to-eye on a lot.After the conversation,you like the young woman.Based on a large number of social psychological experiments,why is that so?

A) Because you agreed on so much, the functional distance between you was low.
B) We tend to like people who agree with us on major points, but disagree on minor points.
C) We tend to be attracted to people who hold similar opinions to ours.
D) You are an extravert, she is an introvert, and opposites attract.
E) We tend to like people who agree with us on minor points, but disagree on major points.

Question 6

Which of the following illustrates the smallest functional distance?

A) Eric and Carla share an office.
B) George and Jerry live in the same apartment complex.
C) Ed and Ray use the same elevator to leave their building.
D) Shelley lives upstairs from Jane.
E) Tim and Robin work in adjacent offices.

Question 7

Consider this piece of folk wisdom,"opposites attract." The social-psychological concept of _______ is most closely related to this truism.

A) similarity
B) functional distance
C) reciprocity
D) complementarity
E) correspondence

Question 8

The term "functional distance" refers to

A) the role that physical distance plays in the initiation of relationships.
B) the preferred distance between people that varies as a function of the quality of their relationship.
C) the level of comfort that people experience, depending on their distance from others.
D) psychological distance that follows from certain aspects of architectural design.
E) the optimal distance between two people who are speaking.

Question 9

The concept of _______ distance refers to certain aspects of architectural design that make it more likely that some people will come into contact with each other more often than with other people.

A) practical
B) social
C) physical
D) functional
E) actual

Question 10

Sir Peter Ustinov (1977)wrote that "...friends are not necessarily the people you like best,they are merely the people who got there first." This quotation best reflects the power of _______ as an antecedent of attraction.

A) physical characteristics
B) propinquity
C) equity
D) random encounters
E) physical attractiveness

Question 11

You are very dissatisfied with your current relationships and want to develop new ones.One strategy is to take advantage of the propinquity effect by

A) moving to a new situation or locale.
B) finding people whose personalities complement your own.
C) spending more time with people who seem to like you.
D) changing your physical appearance.
E) find people who have different opinions than you do.

Question 12

Recent studies carried out in Canada,the US,and the UK compared the quality of relationships formed online with those formed offline (Bane,et al,2010).These studies found that greater ________ was experienced in ________ friendships.

A) satisfaction; online
B) self-disclosure; online
C) satisfaction; offline
D) discomfort; offline
E) superficiality; offline

Question 13

Jacob is about to start a new job.Given that he is shy and introverted and wants to avoid making friends at all costs,he should choose the office that is located

A) at the far end of the hall.
B) next to the cafeteria.
C) next door to the copy room.
D) next to the water cooler.
E) by the vending machines.

Question 14

You are strongly attracted to Mario,and you very much want him to like you,but you're afraid that if you open your mouth,he'll think you're a bimbo.If you are too nervous to interact with Mario,you can take advantage of the mere exposure effect and

A) frequent the same coffee shop that he goes to, making sure that he sees you every day.
B) ask a friend to point you out the next time you happen to be in the same coffee shop.
C) "accidentally" brush up against him once when you stand in line to buy coffee.
D) expose your worst features first, and your strongest features later.
E) try to ensure that your friends spend a lot of time with him and talk about you.

Question 15

Leon Festinger,Stanley Schachter,and Kurt Back (1950)traced friendship formations among couples in an apartment complex at MIT.They found that residents were most likely to be friends with people

A) whom their partners befriended first.
B) who lived closer to them.
C) of the same gender.
D) who were shared similar backgrounds.
E) similar to them.

Question 16

The social compensation hypothesis in research on formation of relationships online states that

A) people turn to the internet to vent their anger over problems in real-world relationships.
B) lonely people who lack the skills to form relationship in person are more able to form relationships online.
C) those whose social networks are impoverished can compensate by adopting a fantasy persona and relationships online.
D) individuals will become disinhibited in online relationships and can express an unconventional side of themselves.
E) those with a busy schedule can avoid neglect of their friends and family by communication over the internet.

Question 17

_______ refers to the notion that the more we encounter a stimulus,the more we grow to like it.

A) The proximity effect
B) The similarity effect
C) Stimulus generalization
D) Mere exposure
E) The familiarity effect

Question 18

Recent research on online relationship formation (Desjarlais and Willoughby,2010)found that the ________ hypothesis was supported among ________.

A) "rich get richer"; girls
B) "rich get richer"; boys
C) "poor get poorer"; girls
D) "poor get poorer"; boys
E) social compensation; girls

Question 19

Katie and Jon are in the same accounting class,they live in the same wing of their dormitory,and they usually attend the same extra-curricular activities.Over time,Katie and Jon become attracted to each other.What force is most likely at work here?

A) propinquity
B) complementarity
C) reciprocal liking
D) physical attractiveness
E) similarity

Question 20

Richard Moreland and Scott Beach (1992)had a confederate attend large university classes for a systematically varied number of class sessions.In keeping with the mere exposure effect,when unsuspecting students in those classes were later shown photos of the confederate,they liked her best when she had

A) talked more in class.
B) attended more classes.
C) worn short skirts.
D) challenged the professor.
E) worn their school colours.

Question 21

According to the authors,the greatest amount of research supports the notion of _______ over the notion of _______.

A) propinquity; similarity.
B) similarity; mere exposure.
C) complementarity; similarity.
D) mere exposure; similarity.
E) similarity; complementarity.

Question 22

There are several reasons why similarity is so important to attraction.Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?

A) Similarity means that our anxiety diminishes in the presence of similar others.
B) Similarity means that our beliefs are valued.
C) Similarity means that our beliefs are reinforced as being correct.
D) Similarity means we assume that it will be enjoyable to spend time with them.
E) Similarity means that we feel that people will like us because we are similar to them.

Question 23

You are director of residential living at a large university and you have decided to take a scientific approach to roommate assignment.This year you are planning to construct a questionnaire to be completed by all new incoming students and to use students' responses to match roommates.Based on the work of Theodore Newcomb (1961),what question should you be sure to ask?

A) "How many hours do you plan to study each day?"
B) "How big was your high school graduating class?"
C) "What was your high school GPA?"
D) "Are you a morning person or a night person?"
E) "How much do you enjoy your classes?"

Question 24

Rebecca Curtis and Kim Miller (1986)assigned participants at random to have a conversation.One member of each pair was told that the other person liked him or her.Participants who were provided with this information actually behaved in more likable ways,and their partners,too,behaved in pleasant ways.These findings demonstrate that _______ may explain the power of reciprocal liking.

A) similarity
B) reciprocity of exchange
C) mere exposure effect
D) complementarity
E) the self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 25

When Theodore Newcomb (1961)randomly assigned male students at the University of Michigan to be roommates at the start of the school year,he found that _______ and _______ were powerful predictors of who became friends.

A) demographic similarity; physical attractiveness
B) attitude similarity; physical attractiveness
C) attitude similarity; emotional attractiveness
D) demographic similarity; attitude similarity
E) physical attractiveness; the number of friends in common

Question 26

According to research using a fake lie detector conducted at the University of Saskatchewan regarding the relation between physical attractiveness and liking,

A) people are aware of the influence looks have on their liking for others, but they don't like to admit it.
B) physical attraction has less influence on our liking than we believe.
C) women are more likely than men to admit that physical attraction influences their choice of dating partners.
D) attractiveness operates like a cognitive heuristic in that it influences our liking without us being aware of it.
E) men are more likely than women to admit that physical attraction influences their choice of dating partners.

Question 27

When Elaine Walster (Hatfield)and her colleagues (1966)randomly paired incoming students for a first-year orientation dance,the partner's _______ determined whether the individuals expressed a desire to date that person again.

A) self-esteem
B) intelligence
C) similarity
D) physical appearance
E) emotional resiliency

Question 28

Elaine Walster (Hatfield)and her colleagues (1966)randomly paired incoming students for a first-year orientation dance.They found that men _______.

A) valued attractiveness, whereas women valued intelligence.
B) valued physical attractiveness more than women did.
C) valued physical attractiveness less than women did.
D) valued attractiveness, whereas women valued sensitivity.
E) and women both valued physical attractiveness.

Question 29

Beatriz is expressive,sociable,and warm.She is most likely to prefer a friend or romantic partner who is

A) independent
B) friendly
C) rational
D) logical
E) analytical

Question 30

You've just moved into a new singles complex,where you have yet to meet anyone appealing.You're going to attend the first "mixer," and you want to increase the odds that any attractive single woman you meet will ask you on a date.Based on the results of a study conducted by Elaine Walster (Hatfield)and her colleagues (1966)you will be more successful in this endeavor if you

A) point out what you have in common with any attractive women you meet.
B) make it a point to remain close to attractive men.
C) try to position yourself beside the same attractive woman at all times.
D) make yourself look as attractive as you can.
E) strike the right balance between intelligence and sensitivity.

Question 31

The _______ concept posits that we will be attracted to people whose characteristics are the opposite of ours.

A) propinquity
B) mere exposure
C) functional distance
D) complementarity
E) reciprocal

Question 32

Perhaps the most crucial determinant of whether we like someone is whether he or she likes us.This best illustrates the power of

A) complementarity.
B) mere exposure effect.
C) propinquity.
D) reciprocal liking.
E) similarity.

Question 33

Perhaps the most crucial determinant of whether we will like someone is

A) how our friends and family feel about that person.
B) whether the other person likes us.
C) how similar that person is to us.
D) how physically attractive we find the other person.
E) how often we've interacted with that person in the past.

Question 34

Frank and Margaret have come to like one another.Why would this have occured according to the concept of complementarity?

A) Margaret and Frank live next door to one another.
B) Margaret and Frank hold similar attitudes and values.
C) Both Margaret and Frank are not physically attractive.
D) Margaret holds left-wing political beliefs and Frank holds right-wing political beliefs.
E) Both Margaret and Frank are physically attractive.

Question 35

According to the authors,one reason why similarity is so important to attraction is that we

A) find disagreement unfamiliar and therefore aversive.
B) believe that people who are similar to us will like us.
C) avoid conflict at any cost.
D) find cooperation reinforcing.
E) find any disagreement to be threatening.

Question 36

According to the authors,what is one reason why similarity leads to attraction? We view agreement with another person as

A) challenging.
B) personally validating.
C) relatively uncommon.
D) familiar.
E) ingratiating.

Question 37

Rebecca Curtis and Kim Miller (1986)assigned participants at random to have a conversation.One member of each pair was given "special" information that actually changed his or her behaviour.Results of their experiment reveal that when

A) people meet for the first time, complementarity influences attraction.
B) people meet for the first time, attitude similarity determines liking.
C) someone holds similar attitudes to our own, we like them better.
D) we think someone likes us, we actually behave in more likable ways.
E) someone holds dissimilar attitudes to our own, we like them better.

Question 38

Barbara,Brittany,Laurie,and Melissa have each adopted a different strategy in their attempts to attract Arthur.All else being equal,who is most likely to be unsuccessful?

A) Laurie, who attempts to present herself as being similar to Arthur
B) Britain, who attempts to improve her physical appearance
C) Melissa, who demonstrates her independence by disagreeing with Arthur
D) Barbara, who attempts to increase her physical proximity to Arthur
E) Georgia, who takes all the same classes as Arthur

Question 39

Paul Sergios and James Cody (1985)conducted a replication of the study by Elaine Walster (Hatfield)and her colleagues (1966),in which men and women were paired at random for a "blind date" dance.In their study,Sergios and Cody studied gay men.They found that

A) the importance of physical attractiveness seems to be limited to heterosexuals.
B) gay men seem to prefer those who are comparable to themselves in attractiveness.
C) gay men are similar to heterosexuals in the importance of attractiveness.
D) gay men place more emphasis on perceived social power.
E) gay men place significantly more emphasis on physical attractiveness.

Question 40

The results of research on couple relationships in Kitchener-Waterloo (Murray and colleagues,2002)show that couples _______ the degree of similarity with their partner and this was _______ relationship satisfaction.

A) actually perceived; related to
B) accurately perceived; unrelated to
C) overestimated; unrelated to
D) overestimated; predictive of
E) underestimated; damaging to

Question 41

Perlini,Bertolissi,and Lind (1999)showed photographs of attractive and unattractive younger and older women to college students and senior citizens.The results showed that

A) More positive qualities were attributed to attractive women, regardless of age, for all participants.
B) Male participants attributed more positive attributes to attractive women than to unattractive women, but female participants did not.
C) Female participants attributed more positive attributes to attractive women than to unattractive women, but male participants did not.
D) More positive qualities were attributed to attractive women, regardless of age, except for senior men, who attributed more positive qualities to attractive young women than attractive older women.
E) Attractiveness did not affect the participants' ratings.

Question 42

Actually,physical beauty confers only limited advantages.For example,Alice Eagly and her colleagues (1991)have found that people are most likely to associate physical attractiveness with

A) integrity.
B) social competence.
C) intelligence.
D) self-esteem.
E) trustworthiness

Question 43

J.T.does not know anything about Tiffany except that she is very attractive.Based on research by Alice Eagly and her colleagues (1991)and by Alan Feingold (1992),J.T.is least likely to make the attribution that Tiffany is

A) happy.
B) extroverted.
C) honest.
D) popular.
E) sociable.

Question 44

When research (Dutton and Aron,1974)found that men who had crossed the Capilano suspension bridge were four times more likely to phone an attractive researcher than men who had crossed a sturdy low bridge in the same park,this was explained as due to

A) misperception of attractiveness.
B) misattribution of arousal.
C) passionate love.
D) the mere exposure effect.
E) the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype.

Question 45

According to research on misattribution of arousal,Chad is most likely to be attracted to

A) Jen, who shares interests in common with him.
B) Amelia, who is very physically attractive.
C) Genevieve, who lives just around the corner from him.
D) Juanita, who has a secure attachment style.
E) Sara, whom he happened to be sitting next to on the world's fastest rollercoaster.

Question 46

Cross-cultural research found that _______ students were likely to associate attractiveness with _______.

A) Korean; personal strength.
B) all; concern for others.
C) all; friendliness.
D) North American; intelligence.
E) North American; integrity.

Question 47

Research on the components of attractiveness has looked at judgments of faces.All of the following are discussed in the text as related to attractiveness EXCEPT

A) large lips.
B) large eyes.
C) prominent cheekbones.
D) small nose and chin.
E) high eyebrows.

Question 48

In cross-cultural research using American,Canadian,and Korean students,which of the following traits did all participants associate with physical attractiveness?

A) intelligence
B) personal strength
C) integrity
D) social skills
E) concern for others

Question 49

According to Ellen Berscheid and Elaine (Walster)Hatfield (1974),passionate love is associated with _______,whereas companionate love is associated with _______.

A) affection and intimacy; fulfillment and ecstasy.
B) sadness and despair; affection and longing.
C) extreme sadness and despair; elation and uncontrollable thoughts.
D) intense longing and physiological arousal; affection and intimacy.
E) affection and intimacy; sadness and despair.

Question 50

Which of the following (actual)research findings represents the most serious challenge to evolutionary explanations of love and attraction?

A) Men tend to prefer younger women and women tend to prefer men of the same age.
B) In areas of the world where parasitic diseases are prevalent, men and women value physical attractiveness.
C) Men tend to place more emphasis on sex in a relationship than women.
D) Women are less likely than men to admit the importance of physical attractiveness, but observations of behaviours reveal no gender differences.
E) Men become more upset at sexual infidelities and women at emotional infidelities.

Question 51

Ramona cares deeply about Raúl,but does not feel any passion for him.Raúl,on the other hand,has feelings of great longing accompanied by physical arousal whenever she's near.In this situation,Ramona is feeling _______ love for Raúl,whereas Raúl is feeling _______ love for Ramona.

A) fatuous; companionate
B) passionate; fatuous
C) fatuous; consummate
D) consummate; companionate
E) companionate; passionate

Question 52

Extensive research and meta-analysis on cross-cultural perceptions of beauty support which of the following conclusions?

A) Individual faces of the culture are more attractive than composite faces.
B) People from disparate cultures agree on what is a physically attractive human face.
C) Japanese participants prefer a more rounded female face compared to British participants.
D) Culture has no impact on what is considered attractive.
E) People from Western cultures only can agree on what is a physically attractive human face.

Question 53

According to research conducted by Michael Cunningham and his colleagues (1986,1995),there is overlap in what men and women find attractive in the opposite sex.For example,both men and women find _______ attractive.

A) narrow hips and flat stomachs
B) the "babyface" features of small noses and chins
C) high foreheads and thick, glossy hair
D) large eyes and prominent cheekbones
E) a large chin and a big smile

Question 54

Judith Langlois and Lori Roggman (1990)reviewed the literature on standards of beauty across cultures and they found that the attractiveness ratings among participants of all different races and ethnicities ranged from .66 to .93.These relatively large positive correlations suggest that

A) standards of beauty are similar within cultures, but not across cultures.
B) regardless of culture or background, people often agree on what is attractive.
C) standards of beauty differ significantly across cultures.
D) cultural values determine what is attractive.
E) culture has very little impact on what is considered attractive.

Question 55

Brian does not know anything about Sally except that she is very attractive.Based on research by Alice Eagly and her colleagues (1991)and by Alan Feingold (1992),Brian is most likely to make the attribution that Sally is

A) empathetic and caring.
B) empathetic and intelligent.
C) dominant and successful in her career.
D) intelligent and honest.
E) sociable and extroverted.

Question 56

Research examining cultural differences in the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype has found that

A) in both collectivist and individualistic cultures, people tend to assume that physically attractive people possess culturally-valued personality characteristics.
B) unlike individualistic cultures, people in collectivist cultures do not show evidence of physical attractiveness stereotyping.
C) people in collectivist cultures are more likely to assume that "what is beautiful is good" than people from individualistic cultures.
D) people in collectivist and individualistic cultures assume that physically attractive people possess the same personality characteristics.
E) in both collectivist and individualistic cultures, people tend to assume that physically attractive people possess higher intelligence.

Question 57

Until relatively recently,social psychologists have limited their study of interpersonal attraction to initial encounters or first impressions.Why?

A) Long-term relationships are more difficult to study scientifically.
B) First impressions are the most important in determining relationship satisfaction.
C) First impressions tend to be the most powerful indicator of attraction.
D) It is an unethical violation of privacy to study long-term relationships.
E) Initial impressions determine what will happen over time.

Question 58

In all likelihood,there is a kernel of truth to the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype; that is,attractive people are often more warm and socially skilled than less attractive people.According to the authors,this is probably because

A) attractive people are treated differently than unattractive people.
B) unattractive people are naturally more introverted than attractive people.
C) unattractive people are naturally more shy than attractive people.
D) unattractive people compensate by emphasizing their intelligence.
E) attractive people have higher self-esteem than unattractive people.

Question 59

Which of the following physical characteristics are associated with a "babyface"?

A) large eyes and prominent cheekbones
B) full lips and prominent cheekbones
C) large eyes and small noses
D) small noses and prominent cheekbones
E) full lips and large smiles

Question 60

In research by Wheeler and Kim (1997)Koreans associated "beautiful" with integrity and concern for others,North Americans associated "beautiful" with personal strength.These differences suggest that

A) physical beauty is more important in collectivistic cultures.
B) stereotypes are less powerful in collectivistic cultures.
C) stereotypes are more powerful in collectivistic cultures.
D) individualistic versus collectivistic values shape stereotypes about beauty.
E) physical beauty is less important in collectivistic cultures.

Question 61

People from Asian cultures are more likely to be concerned that _______________ than North Americans.

A) their romantic relationship does not disrupt the existing family network
B) their spouse be a virgin when they marry
C) they are exclusive with their romantic partner
D) they are adhering to strict equity norms
E) they have equal exchange in their relationships

Question 62

According to Karen and Kenneth Dion (1993,1996,2001),why is romantic love relatively important in Western individualist cultures,but less important in Asian collectivist cultures?

A) In many Asian languages, there is no word for "passion"; many Asian societies are aschematic for romance.
B) A more pragmatic approach to love is characteristic of nonindustrialized societies.
C) People from Western cultures "sow their wild oats" when young, because they marry later in life.
D) Marriage is less important in Asian collectivist cultures.
E) Love is of concern to the individual in Western cultures, but of concern to the group in many collectivist cultures.

Question 63

Advocates of which of the following approaches believe that men and women have different agendas in their relationships with each other?

A) equity theory
B) social attachment theory
C) triangular theory
D) social exchange theory
E) evolutionary psychology

Question 64

According to research on how ordinary people define love,

A) when deciding whether or not to stay in a relationship, men were more likely to consider the levels of warmth and caring than were women.
B) for both men and women, companionate love was seen as capturing the true meaning of love to a greater extent than was passionate love.
C) when deciding whether or not to stay in a relationship, women were more likely to consider the levels of warmth and caring than were men.
D) men are more likely to define love in terms of passion, whereas women are more likely to define love in terms of companionship.
E) passion has the largest impact on university students' definitions of love, but declines in importance as people age.

Question 65

According to the tenets of evolutionary theory,reproduction is more costly (in terms of time,energy,and effort)for females than it is for males.Thus,it is advantageous for males to _______ and for females to _______.

A) pursue many females; pair infrequently, and with a carefully chosen male.
B) pay attention to equity concerns; pay attention to equality concerns.
C) pair frequently with a single female; pair infrequently with a chosen male.
D) live alone; rear offspring in groups.
E) provide for one female; pair frequently with several males.

Question 66

Because of the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine,people who express that they are madly in love are likely to report

A) that they feel physically ill.
B) that they feel confused and dizzy.
C) that they feel euphoric and high.
D) that they cannot think.
E) an overwhelming sense of calm.

Question 67

David Buss and his colleagues (1989,1996a,1996b,2005)surveyed adults in 37 countries and asked them what they valued in choosing a marriage partner.Men valued physical attractiveness and women valued ambition and good earning potential.This could be because

A) evolutionary pressures caused both males and females to be independent.
B) males seek females who can reproduce successfully.
C) females seek males who can reproduce successfully.
D) males seek females who have the resources to rear offspring.
E) evolutionary pressures caused female to be communal and males to be independent.

Question 68

Research by Boothroyd and colleagues found that women are better than men at recognizing those who are open to casual sex.Your text suggests that from an evolutionary perspective women will have evolved to readily recognize

A) those who are most willing to impregnate them.
B) and avoid those who would not be suitable as a long-term prospect.
C) and avoid those who might suffer from sexually transmitted diseases.
D) and avoid those who have insecure attachment styles.
E) and avoid those who have avoidant attachment styles.

Question 69

Some critics of the evolutionary approach to love have argued that its tenets are untestable.By this they mean that evolutionary theory

A) does not allow for random assignment.
B) ignores the role of culture.
C) is flexible enough to explain almost any finding.
D) cannot be tested experimentally.
E) can only be used to explain things in hindsight, not to make predictions.

Question 70

Cross-cultural research has revealed that _______ is valued more in individualistic cultures.

A) passionate love
B) social love
C) commitment
D) companionate love
E) fatuous love

Question 71

The _______ approach to interpersonal relationships addresses the kinds of bonds we form with our caregivers early in life.

A) evolutionary
B) attachment styles
C) psychoanalytic
D) psychosocial
E) sociobiological

Question 72

The lyrics to a Barbra Streisand song go something like this,"You don't bring me flowers,you don't sing me love songs anymore." These lyrics suggest that the relationship in question has evolved from _______ love to _______ love.

A) passionate; companionate
B) companionate; consummate
C) consummate; companionate
D) passionate; consummate
E) fatuous; hateful

Question 73

According to an evolutionary approach to love,why do women prefer men with resources,whereas men prefer women who are attractive?

A) Resources signal relationship commitment in men.
B) Resources signal potential support from men, while attractiveness signals reproductive fitness in women.
C) Reproduction is more costly to men than to women.
D) Resources signal that the male has stronger reproductive potential, while attractiveness signals nurturing in women.
E) Resources signal dominance in men, while attractiveness signals willingness in women.

Question 74

When Aron and his colleagues (2005)asked participants to look at pictures of someone they were in love with while performing an MRI on them,they found that the ventral tegmental area (VTA)and caudate nucleus were activated and that they were more strongly activated the more intensely participants indicated that they loved the person in the photo.These particular areas of the brain are associated with

A) the release of serotonin.
B) the release of dopamine.
C) the experience of physical arousal.
D) the onset of puberty.
E) the experience of emotional pain.

Question 75

Researchers studying evolutionary approaches to love find that although men and women differ on the importance of some of the qualities they find desirable in a partner,men and women are similar in valuing certain qualities.These include

A) age similarity and commitment.
B) good earning potential and physical vitality.
C) physical attractiveness and earning potential.
D) honesty and a pleasant personality.
E) sense of humour and physical attractiveness.

Question 76

All of the following female behaviours have been found to increase with ovulation (times of peak fertility)EXCEPT

A) wearing sexier clothing.
B) finding masculine-looking features attractive.
C) being more flirtatious especially if her current partner is not a good match.
D) making phone calls to her father.
E) feeling more attractive.

Question 77

According to your textbook authors,a good way to summarize cross-cultural research on love is to say that

A) cultures differ in the language they use to describe love but are identical in their experiences of love.
B) love experiences are very different in very different cultures.
C) we all value companionate love, but it is valued more in collectivist cultures, whereas passionate love is valued more in individualist cultures.
D) there are similar concepts of love across cultures but the actual emotional experiences differ.
E) romantic love only exists in Western cultures.

Question 78

According to the evolutionary approach to love,if Jane is looking for a romantic partner who is she most likely to choose?

A) Kindly Ken
B) Nice Ned
C) Handsome Harry
D) Fit Fred
E) Wealthy Walter

Question 79

In comparing experiences and perceptions of love for men and women,_______ experience love at first sight,whereas _______ likely to be realistic.

A) women and men equally; women are more
B) women and men equally; women and men are equally
C) men more frequently; women are more
D) women more frequently; men are more
E) women and men equally; men are more

Question 80

The basic tenet of evolutionary biology is that people are motivated to

A) maximize their rewards and minimize their costs.
B) pass on their genes to the next generation.
C) ensure they survive.
D) ensure that there is equity in their relationships.
E) be responsive to their partners' needs.