Deck 6: Juvenile Offenders

Question 1

The term delinquency is used in juvenile justice to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) replace the term criminality
B) avoid stigmatizing youth
C) place youth appropriately after an offense
D) be applied to status offenders

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The term fireplay is NOT associated with:

A) a normal curiosity
B) a low level of intent to inflict harm
C) an absence of malice
D) only children under the age of 10

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In 2006, what percentage of all murders was committed by juveniles?

A) 5% of total murders
B) 10% of total murders
C) 20% of total murders
D) 25% of total murders

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 2006, the issue of disproportionate minority contact (DMC) was:

A) reflected in data comparing male and female juvenile offenders
B) reflected in data comparing 13 year old and 18 year old males
C) a discrepancy between black youth arrests (51%) relative to their representation of the general population (17%)
D) a discrepancy between Latino youth arrests (28%) relative to their representation of the general population (8%)

Question 5

The two general onset trajectories for youth violence do NOT indicate:

A) that crime most often begins before puberty (early) and in adolescence (late)
B) that youth who become violent before age 13 commit more serious crimes
C) that youth who become violent before age 13 commit only one crime
D) that youth who become violent before age 13 have a sibling who has been convicted of a crime

Question 6

The term vandalism is NOT defined as a(n):

A) mischievous and a destructive act
B) act to get attention
C) act to get revenge
D) crime seldom related to gangs

Question 7

The number of juvenile arrests in 2006 was:

A) 1.5 million
B) 2.2 million
C) 2.5 million
D) 3.1 million

Question 8

The "broken window theory" supports that:

A) "if criminals want to break in, they will"
B) victims typically do NOT have a "glass breaking" alarm system
C) when property is vandalized "for fun", and if windows go unfixed, crime will increase
D) it is difficult for finger prints to be pulled off broken window glass

Question 9

Youth violence does NOT:

A) begin in adolescence
B) end with the transition into adulthood
C) become identified in early childhood
D) exist only in poor communities

Question 10

High school seniors self-reported being engaged most frequently in:

A) shoplifting
B) drug abuse
C) larceny
D) burglary

Question 11

The juvenile arrest rate for motor vehicle theft has:

A) remained consistently the same over the last 15 years
B) declined slightly over the last 15 years
C) increased dramatically over the last 15 years
D) declined substantially and consistently over the last 15 years

Question 12

Status offenses include all of the following actions EXCEPT:

A) running away and habitual truancy
B) habitual truancy and violating curfew
C) early substance abuse, including alcohol
D) early sexual activities without parental consent

Question 13

Co-offenders commit crimes in pairs and groups and are:

A) less likely to engage in violent crimes than solo offenders
B) less likely to commit murder than solo offenders
C) more likely to engage in violent crimes than solo offenders
D) more likely to be killed when engaged in a crime than solo offenders

Question 14

The public health perspective on juvenile violence is that:

A) youths are victims of social forces and need treatment
B) youths are victims of abandonment
C) youths need to be punished as criminals
D) youths are easily influenced

Question 15

Arrests have increased from 2005 to 2006 for the status offenses of:

A) liquor law and curfew violations
B) running away
C) truancy
D) drug abuse

Question 16

A concern about the "single offender" arrest statistic:

A) it does not report the violator's sex and age
B) it is not incorporated in juvenile justice data
C) it can present a skewed picture of crimes and victimization
D) it does not include offenders who are mentally ill

Question 17

Of the crimes listed below, which is least likely to be committed by a juvenile?

A) murder
B) forcible rape
C) robbery
D) aggravated assault

Question 18

The American Bar Association supports decriminalizing status offenses, such as:

A) the smoking of cigarettes
B) underage sexual activities
C) the use of marijuana
D) shoplifting

Question 19

The juvenile arrest rate for burglary has:

A) declined 69% from 1980 to 2006
B) declined 35% from 1980 to 2006
C) increased 25% from 1980 to 2006
D) increased 69% from 1980 to 2006

Question 20

The most frequent self-reported offense for those 16 and older is:

A) liquor law violations
B) marijuana law violations
C) cocaine law violations
D) methamphetamine law violations

Question 21

Which type of juvenile crime has experienced a decrease in arrests in the past decade?

A) Property crimes
B) Murder
C) Forcible rape
D) Robbery

Question 22

The most frequently self-reported offense for those 16 and older is ________violations.

Question 23

U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals held in _______________that Charlottesville, Virginia's curfew was not a violation of the child's or the parents' rights.

Question 24

Girls traditionally enter the juvenile system through their involvement with which type of offense:

A) status offense
B) property crime
C) violent crime
D) cybercrime

Question 25

The most frequent delinquency offenses committed by juveniles are property crimes which include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) robbery
B) larceny
C) burglary
D) arson

Question 26

Much juvenile crime involves co-offending, meaning ___________________________.

Question 27

_________________ causes the body's breathing and gag reflexes to become severely impaired.

Question 28

Identified risk factors for juvenile recidivism include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) low socioeconomic status
B) family factors such as being physically or sexually abused
C) social risk factors such as associating with delinquent peers
D) no prior offense history

Question 29

One argument against status offenses considers that the _________ is stigmatizing causing more harm than good to juveniles.

Question 30

The daily pattern of juvenile violent crime indicates:

A) afterschool programs have had less impact on crime than curfews
B) little variation in crime between school and nonschool days
C) increased crime on school days
D) increased crime on nonschool days

Question 31

Flash mobs use ________ to organize a variety of activities carried out en masse and it has posed a challenge for communities and law enforcement.

Question 32

The JJDP Act of 1974 did NOT:

A) officially decriminalize status offenses
B) mandate the deinstitutionalization for status offenders
C) argue that the stigma of being identified as an "offender" did more harm than good
D) argue that incarcerated female offenders are move victimized than incarcerated male offenders

Question 33

"Early" violence is one which occurs before puberty, and "late" violence begins in adolescence.  These are called two ______________.

Question 34

An estimated __________ arrests involving juveniles were made in 2006.

Question 35

Being physically or sexually abused is considered a _________________ for chronic juvenile offending.

Question 36

A serious child delinquent is between the ages of:

A) 5 and 11
B) 7 and 12
C) 5 and 7
D) 5 and 10

Question 37

The term firesetting is commonly associated with:

A) activities that are not intentionally harmful
B) youth only over the age of 12
C) youth involved in school property damage
D) youth are "just playing"

Question 38

Serious or chronic offenders are NOT:

A) typically from low-income families
B) rated as troublesome by teachers between the ages of 8 and 10
C) adjudicated a delinquent before age 13
D) most often a twin of a criminal

Question 39

The public health perspective suggests that youths are victims of _____________ and they are to be treated.

Question 40

The American Psychological Association describes several developmental experiences that violent youths frequently share.  Which of the following is NOT one of those experiences?

A) Weak bonding to caretakers in infancy and ineffective parenting techniques
B) Lack of supervision
C) Consistent discipline
D) A failure to reinforce positive, pro-social behavior

Question 41

There is a growing body of evidence linking alcohol with adolescent violence.

Question 42

For many youth setting fires is a ____________, often a symptom of underlying emotional or physical stress.

Question 43

Expressive violence is a way to vent emotions.

Question 44

__________ laws are one way for communities to lower their incidents of juvenile violent crime after a certain hour.

Question 45

Violent crime by juveniles peaks between 5 pm and 6 pm on school days.

Question 46

Juvenile female involvement in violence has increased relative to juvenile male violence.

Question 47

Adolescents who engage in illegal sexual behavior will likely turn into adult sex offenders.

Question 48

One measure of youth violence in society is the rate of serious crimes by youth perpetrators.

Question 49

Those who become delinquent are more likely to be socially assertive, defiant, ambivalent about authority, resentful, hostile, suspicious, destructive, impulsive and lacking in self-control.

Question 50

A key finding of the OJJDP Study Group on Serious and Violent Offenders was that most chronic juvenile offenders begin their delinquency careers before ____________________.

Question 51

A serious child delinquent is between the ages of 7 and 12 and has committed one or more homicides, aggravated assaults, robberies, rapes or serious arsons.

Question 52

Blood alcohol content (BAC) is influenced by body mass.

Question 53

A key finding of the OJJDP Study Group on Serious and Violent Offenders was that most chronic juvenile offenders begin their delinquency careers before age 12.

Question 54

Co-offending actually may decrease the likelihood that offenders will commit violent crimes.

Question 55

Historically, girls have been disproportionately sanctioned for status offenses.

Question 56

Delinquency rates tend to increase dramatically as age increases, peaking in the mid- to late teens.

Question 57

"Child firesetter" is the terminology used to refer to persons age ________________.

Question 58

Time-of-day analysis shows that shoplifting incidents peak between _______________.

Question 59

Larceny-theft is the most frequent offense for which juveniles are arrested.

Question 60

Surveys consistently find about 30 to 40 percent of male youths and 15 to 30 percent of female youths report having committed a serious violent offense by age 17.

Question 61

Discuss status offenses.  Should status offenses be decriminalized?  Justify your answer.

Question 62

Discuss the juvenile justice system's response to violent juvenile offenders.  Include the Public Health Model in your response.

Question 63

Differentiate between serious, chronic, and violent delinquents.

Question 64

Research indicates that girls fight with friends more frequently than boys.

Question 65

Females are becoming offenders in response to their own victimization.

Question 66

Forcefully robbing another youth of his/her team jacket is an example of instrumental violence.

Question 67

Define chronicity and explain its relationship to recidivism.

Question 68

According to research by Loeber, Farrington, and Petechuk (2003), the pool of early onset delinquents produces a smaller percentage of serious, violent and chronic career offenders, than does the pool of older onset (adolescence-limited) offenders.

Question 69

Girls have traditionally entered the juvenile justice system through their involvement in violent offenses.

Question 70

Discuss predictors of youth violence.