Deck 11: Juvenile Corrections

Question 1

The importance of Santana v. Collazo (1983) is:

A) the right to counsel for juveniles
B) that it ruled on double jeopardy
C) is that there is no constitutional right to treatment and training
D) that electronic monitoring is required on all juveniles released on probation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The dual function of corrections with youthful offenders focuses on:

A) accountability and skills for social success
B) retribution and education
C) impulse control and imprisonment
D) mental health and physiological processes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Two key components of aftercare are:

A) services and counseling
B) supervision and restitution
C) services and supervision
D) services and electronic monitoring

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The formal goals of probation are to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) hold juveniles accountable
B) protect the public
C) refer youth to juvenile court
D) improve the delinquent's behavior

Question 5

Foster homes are used:

A) as a source of respite care
B) most often for neglected/abused children
C) as secure facilities
D) as a last resort by the courts

Question 6

The probation officer is responsible for:

A) speaking in court on behalf of youth
B) suspending sentences
C) serving as a court referee
D) acting as a link to other community services

Question 7

The __________ principle explains how dynamic risk factors can be changed to influence the probability of recidivism.

A) criminogenic need
B) responsivity
C) risk principle
D) protective

Question 8

Compared with public institutions, private correctional institutions confine all of the following offenders EXCEPT:

A) status offenders
B) female offenders
C) minority offenders
D) White offenders

Question 9

Intermediate sanctions generally follow _________ principles.

A) retributive
B) rehabilitative
C) criminogenic
D) restorative

Question 10

According to the text, the single greatest pressure on probation officers is:

A) excessive caseloads
B) repeat offenders
C) severity of crimes
D) inadequate training programs

Question 11

Common forms of intermediate sanctions include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) intensive supervision probation
B) secure juvenile residential facilities
C) boot camps
D) house arrest

Question 12

The most common disposition of the juvenile or family court is:

A) juvenile detention
B) suspension
C) probation
D) appeal

Question 13

The essence of probation is:

A) restriction
B) restitution
C) mediation
D) supervision

Question 14

The two types of probationary conditions are:

A) mandatory and minimalist
B) discretionary and primary
C) mandatory and discretionary
D) discretionary and maximalist

Question 15

Regardless of the type, correctional institutions have all of the following EXCEPT:

A) an elaborate informal social organization
B) a variety of inmate social roles
C) a simplistic social organization
D) the inmate culture includes a complex of norms that indicate how inmates should relate to one another

Question 16

According to the text, the role of probation officers has shifted to that of:

A) educator
B) social service "brokers"
C) therapist
D) vocational counselor

Question 17

The basic premise underlying graduated sanctions is:

A) incapacitation
B) retribution
C) deterrence
D) punishment

Question 18

Compared to street gangs, gangs in prison are:

A) not as disciplined
B) more sophisticated
C) more motivated by publicity
D) none of the above

Question 19

According to the text, a problem commonly encountered at the dispositional stage is:

A) the lack of viable options for helping youths
B) defense attorney interference
C) finding a secure facility for a lock-up
D) the requirements of the release agreement

Question 20

The six performance-based standards goals for confinement include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) security and order
B) safety and programming
C) funding and acquisitions
D) justice and health/mental health

Question 21

Many state and local governments are using nonresidential day treatment centers because they:

A) appear to be effective and are less costly
B) focus on the needs of the juvenile's family
C) focus primarily on drug rehabilitation
D) specialize in group therapy rather individual counseling

Question 22

The ultimate goal of probation is _____________.

Question 23

Challenges facing juvenile correctional facilities include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) overcrowding
B) violence
C) funding concerns
D) gangs

Question 24

The most common disposition from the juvenile court is ___________.

Question 25

Nonsecure Juvenile Residential Facilities include all of the following types of placements except:

A) foster homes
B) shelters
C) detention centers
D) group home

Question 26

Cruel and unusual punishment is banned by what Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

A) Fourteenth
B) Eighth
C) Sixth
D) Fifth

Question 27

_______________ are highly structured, community-based, post-adjudication, nonresidential programs for serious juvenile offenders.

Question 28

________________ are probably the single greatest pressure on probation officers.

Question 29

According to the text, the weakest element in the juvenile justice process is:

A) dispositional stage
B) reentry/aftercare
C) sentencing stage
D) juvenile correctional facilities

Question 30

Most boot camps are designed for the following type of offender:

A) nonviolent
B) older
C) habitual
D) male

Question 31

The basic premise underlying a graduated system is ______________.

Question 32

The objective of group homes is to:

A) facilitate reentry of young offenders into society
B) aid in restitution to victims
C) house young offenders prior to their court date
D) none of the above

Question 33

According to the text, social organization within correctional institutions:

A) is often an elaborate and formal
B) includes a prestige hierarchy with a variety of inmate social roles
C) is supportive of youth and helps them to learn patience
D) is not threatening, but encouraging, to inmates

Question 34

Two kinds of probationary conditions are generally established:  ____________ and _________.

Question 35

Long-term secure confinement are necessary for offenders that hold the following characteristics:

A) chronic
B) serious
C) nonviolent
D) habitual

Question 36

_________ can be used to divert cases at intake, or by the probation officer to settle disputes between a juvenile and his/her family.

Question 37

_____________stress military discipline, physical fitness and strict obedience to orders, as well as educational and vocational training and drug treatment when appropriate.

Question 38

A ___________ is intended to be family-like, as much as possible a substitute for a natural family setting.

Question 39

The essential features of a good graduated sanction system includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) speed
B) economy
C) disproportionality
D) neutrality

Question 40

The liberal philosophy of juvenile justice advocates ____________, not ___________ for youths who become involved with the juvenile justice system.

Question 41

Incentives for compliance should be delivered with the same consistency as are sanctions for noncompliance.

Question 42

Day treatment programs tend to succeed because they can focus on the family unit and the youth's behavior in the family and the community.

Question 43

Historically, the term ________has been used to describe the planned, supervised early release from institutionalization authorized by the correctional facility.

Question 44

A function of corrections is to protect the public by removing juvenile offenders from the community.

Question 45

The release and community return aspect of the juvenile offender care is carefully executed.

Question 46

Foster care is used more for misbehaving and delinquent children than it is for children whose parents have neglected, abused or abandoned them.

Question 47

Often a youngster is placed on or continued on probation because of a lack of viable alternatives.

Question 48

Probation can be granted only by the juvenile court and is subject to the court's stipulations.

Question 49

Alternative schools serve the dual purpose of reinforcing the message that students are accountable for their offenses and removing disruptive students from the mainstream.

Question 50

Probation is the most common disposition of the juvenile or family court.

Question 51

The performance-based standards goals for corrections cover security, order, safety, programming, justice and health/mental health.

Question 52

Post adjudication programs use house arrest as a less severe sanction than intensive supervision.

Question 53

The responsivity principle refers to the delivery of treatment programs in a manner that is consistent with the ability and learning style of an offender.

Question 54

The term re-entry is used to describe the process of transitioning youthful offenders from secure custody back into the community.

Question 55

The ______________ principle embodies the assumption that criminal behavior can be predicted for individual offenders on the basis of certain factors.

Question 56

___________ constitute dynamic risk factors or attributes that, when changed, influence the probability of recidivism.

Question 57

Programs with an outdoor or rural setting encourage self-development and provide opportunities for reform.

Question 58

Intensive supervision probation, community service, electronic monitoring, house arrest, training schools and boot camps are examples of ______________ sanctions.

Question 59

The police regard probation as something juveniles "get away with."

Question 60

The _____________Act requires that correctional staff be sufficiently trained to ensure that they understand and appreciate the significance of prison rape.

Question 61

Discuss the similarities between juvenile correctional institutions and adult correctional institutions in terms of social organization and culture.  Support your answer.

Question 62

Identify and discuss the four components that are typically included in a modern, comprehensive graduated sanctions system.

Question 63

Research indicates that lockup facilities can provide structure and needed services for chronic, violent offenders.

Question 64

The sociopolitical climate that exists in juvenile correctional institutions is the same as that found in adult institutions.

Question 65

What is ISP?  Is this a viable alternative? Why or why not?  Support your answer.

Question 66

The disadvantaged and the poor make up a large percentage of the population in public long-term juvenile institutions.

Question 67

Discuss challenges facing juvenile correctional facilities.

Question 68

Numerous studies have found that the negative impacts of juvenile institutionalization commonly persist into adulthood.

Question 69

Shock incarceration is another name for boot camp.

Question 70

Discuss re-entry.  How is it different from probation?  What are the two key components of aftercare?  Which do you feel is most important?  Why?