Deck 9: Pretrial Services and Diversion

Question 1

Diversion from juvenile court may include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) community service, restitution, and letters of apology
B) pro-social activities, mentoring or tutoring programs
C) incarceration or rehabilitation
D) educational programs, skill-development programs, counseling programs

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The intake hearing may result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A) dismissal
B) diversion
C) referral
D) transition

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The San Diego (California) Teen Court:

A) has trained over 10,000 students
B) includes an adult judge, adult attorneys, and a teen jury
C) attempts to empower youth and repair harm to communities
D) started in 2001

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The four principles of effective intervention include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) risk principle
B) need principle
C) treatment principle
D) frequency principle

Question 5

The dual role of the juvenile prosecutor is to:

A) protect guardians as well as the juvenile
B) seek juvenile justice while representing the interests of the state
C) seek incarceration while demonstrating tolerance
D) ensure the juvenile's mental health and educational rights

Question 6

Juvenile Mental Health Courts have been established because:

A) the majority of youth involved with the juvenile justice system have a mental health disorder
B) mental health services are not available for juveniles
C) most juveniles have been homeless due to mental health issues in the family
D) youth addiction is rampant

Question 7

The two most common criteria to participate in a juvenile drug court are having:

A) a substance abuse problem and not having committed a violent offense
B) a doctor referral and a substance abuse problem
C) a mental health diagnosis and substance abuse simultaneously
D) a doctor referral and a mental health diagnosis

Question 8

Of all juvenile arrests made in 2010, what percentage was referred to juvenile court?

A) 41%
B) 58%
C) 67%
D) 33%

Question 9

Teen Courts:

A) are also called associative courts
B) are intervention programs and not judicial courts
C) are programs that have spread slowly over the last decade
D) are reported to have served approximately 250 offenders per year

Question 10

Youth are considered to be in custody when:

A) hand-cuffs are put on them
B) the information about the incident is officially recorded
C) the guardians are notified
D) the police apprehend, stop, and otherwise suspect them of a status offense or delinquent act

Question 11

Addiction to drugs is considered to be a ___________ risk factor.

A) holistic
B) static
C) medical
D) dynamic

Question 12

What percentage of youth is detained between the referral to court and case disposition?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 13

Officers on the street have:

A) great discretion when dealing with juveniles
B) not been effective in deterring crime
C) often been in the juvenile justice system themselves
D) often been committed of a status offense themselves

Question 14

The four cornerstones of the Blueprint for Change include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) collaboration and identification
B) diversion
C) treatment
D) intercession

Question 15

Juvenile Drug Courts:

A) report the majority of youth were under the influence at the time of their offense
B) were first established in the state of North Dakota
C) claim that the root causes of drug use are found in school risk factors
D) require an alcohol problem and having committed a violent offense

Question 16

First-time, nonviolent gun offenders age 17 and younger are eligible to participate in:

A) the National Juvenile Gun Control Program (NJGC)
B) juvenile gun courts
C) "joint servicing" courts for drug and gun offenses
D) a program with foster parent(s)

Question 17

The UJCA provides that a delinquent CANNOT be detained in a:

A) licensed foster home
B) facility NOT designated or operated by the court
C) facility operated by a child welfare agency
D) a detention home that is under the direction or supervision of the court

Question 18

A juvenile can be kept in a jail or other adult detention:

A) with parent, guardian, or custodian permission
B) only if a facility designated or operated by the court is unavailable
C) as long as they do not share a cell with an adult
D) if the judge deems it appropriate

Question 19

The Vera Institute supports juvenile justice reform because:

A) there are negative long-term consequences
B) diversion is not beneficial
C) detention is inexpensive
D) diversion is too dangerous for society

Question 20

Detaining youth in facilities prior to adjudication should:

A) be a last resort
B) occur as often as possible
C) considered only for one night
D) considered only when they fail to appear for court dates

Question 21

All of the following specialized courts are available for diverted youth EXCEPT:

A) Teen Court
B) Juvenile Gun Courts
C) Juvenile Drug Courts
D) Juvenile Bullying Courts

Question 22

The target group for reparative boards is _________________offenders.

Question 23

The target group for a circle-sentencing procedure is:

A) Canadian Indians
B) American Indians
C) offenders who admit guilt and express willingness to change
D) offenders who willingly participate in a group counseling session

Question 24

Teen courts are considered ________________, not courts within the judicial branch of government.

Question 25

A holistic, reintegrative strategy designed to address the criminal and delinquent behavior of offenders as well as consideration of the victims, their families and communities is called ____________________.

Question 26

Three principles of Balanced and Restorative Justice are:

A) delinquency, punishment, retribution
B) retribution, rehabilitation, restoration
C) delinquency, punishment, treatment and prevention
D) treatment and prevention, retribution, restoration

Question 27

_______ is seen as the gateway to deeper involvement in the juvenile justice system.

Question 28

Referrals to family group conferencing are usually made by _____________ and _____________.

Question 29

The primary duty of the _______  is to seek justice while fully and faithfully representing the interests of the state.

Question 30

The primary outcome of victim-offender mediation is:

A) giving the victim an opportunity to speak to the offender in a safe environment
B) giving the offender an opportunity to explain actions
C) that the offender agrees on a reparative plan
D) that the victim agrees on a corrective action

Question 31

An informal ________________ should be held within a time period defined by state statute to determine whether detention is required.

Question 32

The four models of restorative justice include all of the EXCEPT:

A) victim-community rehabilitation
B) victim-offender mediation
C) community reparative boards
D) family group conferencing and circle sentencing

Question 33

In matters handled by intake, the biggest ______ from state to state is in how abused, neglected, and dependent children are helped.

Question 34

The National Juvenile Detention Association (NJDA) lists all of the following critical components of juvenile detention with the EXCEPTION of:

A) Screening
B) Assessment
C) Punishment
D) Policies

Question 35

Most gun courts include several principal elements including all with the EXCEPTION of:

A) Early intervention
B) Longer, intensive programming
C) An intensive educational focus to show youths the harm that can come from unlawful gun use
D) The inclusion of a wide range of court personnel and law enforcement officials working together with community members

Question 36

Systematic assessments of a youth's criminogenic needs (or risk factors) provides the basis for all future client management activities including all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Measuring a youth's progress
B) Developing the youth's punishment interventions
C) Determining the level of risk and supervision needed
D) Adjusting the service plan to reflect changes in the youth's behavior or lack of thereof

Question 37

The three main components of restorative justice are:

A) offender, victim, and peers
B) offender, family, and victim
C) offender, victim, and community
D) offender, family, and peers

Question 38

The three main components of restorative justice are the ______________, ______________, and the ___________________.

Question 39

Benefits of mental health courts include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Reduces recidivism
B) Decreases overcrowded detention facilities
C) Provides more effective punishments
D) Facilitates the further development of community-based mental health services.

Question 40

_____________ may result in hallucinations, delusions and disorganized behavior, thinking, and/or speech.

Question 41

Youths released at intake with no further processing should be followed up with after any referral to a community agency by either the police or the intake unit.

Question 42

Ongoing, long-term programming is a principal element of the juvenile gun court.

Question 43

Detention is always an option, at any stage of delinquency case processing.

Question 44

The Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) is an example of a locally developed assessment tool.

Question 45

Reconciling the needs of victims and offenders with the needs of the community is the underlying goal of restorative justice.

Question 46

An offender's involvement in substance abuse is an example of a ____________ risk factor.

Question 47

Juvenile detention facilities spend an estimated _____________million per year to house youths who are waiting for community mental health services.

Question 48

Four models of restorative justice may also be a means of diversion.  These models are victim-offender mediation, community reparative boards, circle sentencing, and   _______________.

Question 49

Detention options must be short-term and appropriate to the level of risk posed by the youth.

Question 50

One of the most important functions during intake is an accurate assessment of each youth.

Question 51

All youth enter the juvenile justice system when they are taken into custody by child protective services.

Question 52

Assessment instruments are of two basic types: _______________ and _______________ developed.

Question 53

One effort to reduce net widening is having available respite care.

Question 54

Unnecessary delays in case processing may increase the likelihood of a juvenile's subsequent involvement with the court.

Question 55

Disproportionate minority confinement is not reflected in detention.

Question 56

Victim-offender mediation originated in the mid-1990s.

Question 57

If the determination is that the case should move ahead for court processing, a recommendation will be made that a _____________ be filed.

Question 58

Detention is a process, not a place.

Question 59

Youths are considered to be in custody (arrested) when the police apprehend, stop or otherwise contact them and suspect them of having committed a status offense or a delinquent act.

Question 60

Status offenders require secure detention to ensure their compliance with court orders or to protect public safety.

Question 61

Mental health screening is a brief process administered by nonclinical staff using a standardized tool.

Question 62

What are teen courts?  Why types of cases come before teen court.  Do you believe teen courts to be of value?  Why or why not?

Question 63

Diversion can help the youth avoid the stigma of being labeled a delinquent.

Question 64

What is balanced and restorative justice?  Do you believe in this philosophy?  Why or why not?

Question 65

Explain the four principles of effective intervention.

Question 66

+Discuss the different types of mental health issues of juvenile offenders.

Question 67

All teen courts are voluntary and require youth to admit to the charge and plead guilty.

Question 68

Punitive sanctions, in and of themselves, are not particularly effective in changing a youth's behavior and, in some cases, may even increase recidivism.

Question 69

Discuss the intake process in detail.  Why is it considered a crucial step in the juvenile justice process?  Do you agree?

Question 70

One of the most common forms of diversion is being ordered to do community service.