Deck 19: Biotechnology and Genetics

Question 1

The following are processes that occur in the production of human insulin via genetic engineering:
I.The insulin gene is inserted into a bacterium plasmid
Ii.Bacteria with the modified plasmid reproduce
Iii.The insulin gene is isolated from insulin-producing cells in the human pancreas. Which of the following lists these steps in the correct order of occurrence?

A) i, ii, iii
B) ii, iii, i
C) ii, i, iii
D) iii, i, ii

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A group of scientists are studying the genes in a cabbage plant to determine if they can manipulate it to grow faster. In addition, they have inserted a gene containing a pesticide into the plant's DNA to reduce herbivory by pest insects. The scientists use a virus to insert the new DNA into the cabbage plant's DNA. The insect pests would be considered __________.

A) primary producers
B) primary consumers
C) secondary consumers
D) tertiary consumers

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is true about genetically modified foods?

A) They have been genetically altered by adding genes from an alternate organism.
B) All of their genes have been sequenced, so their entire genome is known.
C) Portions of their DNA have been manipulated, and genes have been moved to different chromosomes.
D) They have undergone natural selection, and some important genes have been inserted.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A group of scientists are studying the genes in a cabbage plant to determine if they can manipulate it to grow faster. In addition, they have inserted a gene containing a pesticide into the plant's DNA to reduce herbivory by pest insects. These cabbage plants would now be considered __________.

A) transgenic
B) to have undergone gene therapy
C) vectors
D) to be plasmids

Question 5

Some of the earliest forms of bioengineering include

A) selective breeding programs.
B) use of microorganisms for fermentation.
C) genomics.
D) both selective breeding programs and the use of microorganisms for fermentation.

Question 6

For type I diabetes, 15 genes on four different chromosomes are known to influence this disease. Thus, this disease is __________.

A) polygenic
B) pleiotropic
C) genomic
D) a genetic marker

Question 7

Which of the following is(are) required for therapeutic cloning?

A) a donor egg cell
B) DNA from a patient
C) a plasmid and vector
D) both a donor egg cell and DNA from a patient

Question 8

Which of the following is true about stem cells?

A) All stems cells can develop into any other type of cell.
B) Stem cells are unspecialized cells.
C) Stem cells are undifferentiated cells derived from embryonic cells.
D) Stems cells undergo meiosis to repair damaged tissue.

Question 9

A group of scientists are studying the genes in a cabbage plant to determine if they can manipulate it to grow faster. In addition, they have inserted a gene containing a pesticide into the plant's DNA to reduce herbivory by pest insects. The scientists use a virus to insert the new DNA into the cabbage plant's DNA. Thus, the virus would be considered a __________.

A) disease agent
B) plasmid
C) vector
D) candidate for gene therapy

Question 10

Which of the following is correct with regard to adult and embryonic stem cells?

A) Only embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated.
B) Both undergo mitosis and differentiation.
C) Both can differentiate into any type of cell to replace old and worn-out cells.
D) Adult stem cells can only develop into a limited number of cell types.

Question 11

Therapeutic cloning involves the use of _______________.

A) embryonic stem cells
B) adult stem cells
C) genetic markers
D) both embryonic and adult stem cells

Question 12

What are plasmids?

A) They are circular strands of DNA found in bacteria.
B) They are vectors of diseases.
C) They are a type of virus.
D) They are genetic clones of bacterial chromosomes.

Question 13

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency is caused by a mutation in a single gene that codes for an enzyme (lipoprotein lipase) that is needed to break down fatty acids. A person who is homozygous recessive for this defective gene often suffers from severe pancreatitis, which can be deadly. A treatment that replaces this gene is __________.

A) gene therapy
B) genomics
C) therapeutic cloning
D) a genetic marker

Question 14

Stem cells are used in which of the following techniques?

A) therapeutic cloning
B) development of genetic markers
C) DNA profiling
D) recombinant DNA technology

Question 15

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency is caused by a mutation in a single gene that codes for an enzyme (lipoprotein lipase) that is needed to break down fatty acids. If lipoprotein lipase deficiency could be treated with gene therapy, then it would likely be caused by __________.

A) a single-gene mutation
B) a polygenic mutation
C) a mutation in a genetic marker
D) all of these

Question 16

Are dogs a product of biotechnology?

A) no, because they coevolved with humans
B) yes, because they were and are selected for specific traits and behaviors
C) no, because they interact socially with humans
D) yes, because humans have been studying and manipulating their learned behaviors

Question 17

Which of the following are typically used as vectors?

A) plasmids
B) viruses
C) insulins
D) both plasmids and viruses

Question 18

A group of scientists are studying the genes in a cabbage plant to determine if they can manipulate it to grow faster. In addition, they have inserted a gene containing a pesticide into the plant's DNA to reduce herbivory by pest insects. These scientists are involved with which of the following?

A) biotechnology
B) genetic engineering
C) genomics
D) all of these

Question 19

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency is caused by a mutation in a single gene that codes for an enzyme (lipoprotein lipase) that is needed to break down fatty acids. Most of the digestive enzymes like lipases are produced by the __________.

A) pancreas
B) small intestine
C) gall bladder
D) large intestine

Question 20

What type of vector is typically used in gene therapy?

A) a virus
B) a bacterium
C) a plasmid
D) both a virus and a bacterium

Question 22

Which of the following occurs to make a genetic profile?

A) DNA is isolated from a stem cell.
B) DNA is cut into fragments, using enzymes.
C) Specific genes and loci are identified on the DNA.
D) DNA is transcribed and translated.

Question 23

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. Five sample bags of rice seed arrive at a lab that includes both GMO blight-resistant rice and rice that does not have the disease-resistant gene. Assuming the scientist has a known sample of the blight-resistant rice, how might she determine bags contain additional samples of this rice strain?

A) by using a DNA profile
B) by developing a genetic marker
C) by inserting the gene into a plasmid
D) by extracting stem cells

Question 24

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. A __________ is used to transfer genetic information from one organism to another.

A) vector
B) genetic marker
C) DNA mutation
D) virus

Question 25

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. Once the gene that confers blight resistance has been identified, it must be _______________.

A) inserted into a plasmid
B) translated and transcribed
C) modified
D) injected into the nonresistant plant cells

Question 26

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. The blight-resistant strains of rice are examples of __________.

A) GMOs
B) plasmids
C) vectors
D) genetic markers

Question 27

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. A farmer chooses not to grow the disease-resistant rice, even though all of his neighbors are doing so. Is this the correct choice?

A) No, at least half of his crop will fail.
B) Yes, some GMOs may have unknown side effects.
C) Yes, this is a bioethical choice that must be decided by each individual.
D) No, science has demonstrated that there are no long-term implications for using GMOs.

Question 28

In a recent TV documentary, the origins of several high profile personalities, like Oprah, were examined and discussed. Oprah's roots can be traced back to the west coast of Africa. How was this determined?

A) using DNA profiling.
B) with genome analysis
C) through therapeutic cloning
D) via comparison of stem cells

Question 29

Scientists recently identified a gene that is linked with ovarian cancer. Variations in the KRAS gene occur in one-quarter of women with ovarian cancer. Thus, KRAS is considered a __________.

A) type of stem cell
B) genetic marker
C) vector
D) DNA profile

Question 30

Which of the following is(are) true about a zebrafish that glows in the dark because its DNA contains and expresses the firefly gene for bioluminescence?

A) It is a transgenic organism.
B) It has been genetically engineered.
C) Its DNA profile has been determined.
D) It is a transgenic organism, and it has been genetically engineered.

Question 31

Which of the following cannot be addressed directly using biotechnology?

A) determining DNA profiles from a crime scene
B) inserting a gene into a person to replace a defective gene
C) examining the moral implications of inserting pesticide genes into crop plants
D) using bacteria to produce products such as insulin and human growth hormone

Question 32

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. Assume some types of wild rice produce seeds of two different colors-brown and white. If you cross two plants and end up with three seed colors-brown, tan, and white, you would correctly assume that this trait __________.

A) exhibits incomplete dominance
B) is polygenic
C) is pleiotropic
D) exhibits codominance

Question 33

Based on the following gel plate, which juvenile(s) could be the offspring of the adult male and female?

A) juvenile 1 only
B) juveniles 2 and 4
C) juveniles 2 and 3
D) juvenile 4 only

Question 34

Which of the following is(are) true about the DNA of a zebrafish that glows in the dark because its DNA contains and expresses the firefly gene for bioluminescence?

A) It has recombinant DNA.
B) Its DNA has mutated.
C) It has evolved.
D) The DNA contains a bacterial plasmid.

Question 35

Which of the following techniques involves altering an organism's DNA by inserting a gene from a different organism?

A) DNA profiling
B) genetic engineering
C) therapeutic cloning
D) DNA fingerprinting

Question 36

All of the following are techniques associated with biotechnology EXCEPT

A) GMOs.
B) identifying genetic markers.
C) therapeutic cloning.
D) gene therapy.

Question 37

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. The bacterial cells can be distinguished from rice plant cells because bacterial cells do not have __________.

A) cell walls
B) membrane-bound organelles
C) genetic material
D) cell membranes

Question 38

Rice is the primary nutrient source for about one-third of humanity-approximately 2 billion people worldwide. One major disease of this crop, called rice blight, is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae . This disease causes the rice plant to turn yellow and wilt and can affect up to 50 percent of the crop. Wild forms of rice have a natural resistance to the Xanthomonas bacterium, but these wild forms are not usable as crop plants. Scientists have developed a blight-resistant strain, using genetic engineering. Strains of blight-resistant rice have been grown successfully in several countries. What is the first step in the process of transferring the blight-resistant gene from one organism to another?

A) Identify the gene that you need.
B) Insert the gene into a plasmid.
C) Transcribe and translate the gene.
D) Decode the DNA.