Deck 6: Animal Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the four tissue types found in animals?

A) epithelial
B) nervous
C) lymphatic
D) connective

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Tissues are to __________ as organs are to organ systems.

A) cells
B) organs
C) organisms
D) all of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. Milk is a type of protein, so cells that secrete milk likely have lots of which organelle?

A) ribosomes
B) nuclei
C) cytoskeleton
D) cytoplasm

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Different types of proteins are found on the surface or embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell. Which of the following is a function of these proteins?

A) to transport substances
B) to receive signals from the nervous system
C) to allow for recognition among cells
D) all of these

Question 5

The three major components of a cell are the nucleus, cytoplasm, and __________.

A) plasma membrane
B) phospholipids
C) epithelium
D) receptor proteins

Question 6

Bones, joints, and muscles form part of which organ system(s)?

A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) integumentary
D) both skeletal and muscular

Question 7

Which of the following organ systems is involved with sensory communication and integration of all organ systems?

A) nervous system
B) endocrine system
C) lymphatic system
D) respiratory system

Question 8

The structure/shape of the plasma membrane is determined by __________.

A) phospholipids
B) phospholipids and cholesterol
C) the cytoskeleton
D) proteins embedded in the bilayer

Question 9

Sperm cells swim actively using their flagellum. To support this activity, these cells have high numbers of __________.

A) mitochondria
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) muscles
D) ribosomes

Question 10

In moving a molecule of oxygen from the air to a muscle cell, which organ system(s) is(are) involved?

A) respiratory
B) circulatory
C) nervous
D) all of these

Question 11

Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

A) bone
B) muscle
C) blood
D) cartilage

Question 12

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. The transport of milk proteins from where they are made to outside the cell is brought about by what system?

A) endomembrane
B) cytoskeleton
C) nuclei
D) lysosome

Question 13

When you eat a large meal, your stomach can expand slightly to accommodate the food. This elasticity is due to what type of tissue?

A) muscle
B) epithelial
C) nervous
D) connective

Question 14

All of the following are true about the plasma membrane EXCEPT:

A) It forms the outer boundary of the cell.
B) It contains genetic material.
C) It is selectively permeable.
D) It is composed of phospholipids.

Question 15

Organ systems typically have just one major function.

A) True, all organ systems are interdependent.
B) True, each organ system can function independently.
C) False, many organ systems have multiple functions.
D) False, each organ system can function independently.

Question 16

The inner lining of many tube-like structures within the body, including blood vessels and ducts, are composed of what type of tissue?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) nervous
D) muscle

Question 17

Many structures and organs in the body are lined by epithelial tissue, and this layer of tissue can vary in thickness from a single layer of cells to multiple layers of cells. Based on function, which of the following do you think will have the most cell layers?

A) skin
B) lungs
C) blood vessels
D) both lungs and blood vessels

Question 18

The shape of a particular cell is often determined by its __________.

A) cytoskeleton
B) plasma membrane
C) cytoplasm
D) nucleus

Question 19

List the following in hierarchical order from least to most complex.

A) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
B) tissues, organisms, organs, organ systems
C) organs, organ systems, organisms, cells
D) cells, organs, tissues, organ systems

Question 20

A cell biologist is studying how toxins damage cells and prevent the transfer of signals from outside to inside the cell. Which cell component is he studying?

A) plasma membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) ribosomes
D) mitochondria

Question 21

Eric noticed that the soil around his African violet was very dry and the plant was starting to wilt. He added water to the soil, and within a few hours, the plant was less droopy. The movement of water from the soil through the different plant cells in the African violet is a type of __________ transport called __________.

A) active; diffusion
B) passive; diffusion
C) active; osmosis
D) passive; osmosis

Question 22

All cells in an individual organism contain the exact same DNA, but they can perform different functions.

A) False, different cells have different functions and thus different genes.
B) True, each cell only activates specific portions of its DNA.
C) False, cells divide repeatedly and DNA changes occur during this time.
D) True, all cells are inherited from a single parent.

Question 23

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. Milk is a type of protein; thus, the building blocks for this macromolecule are __________.

A) glucose molecules
B) amino acids
C) hydrogen bonds
D) lipids

Question 24

Eric noticed that the soil around his African violet was very dry and the plant was starting to wilt. He added water to the soil, and within a few hours, the plant was less droopy. The movement of water from the soil through the different plant cells is what type of transport?

A) active
B) passive
C) facilitated diffusion
D) fluid

Question 25

All of the following are composed primarily of proteins EXCEPT

A) enzymes.
B) cytoskeleton.
C) antibodies.
D) DNA.

Question 26

Which of the following correctly lists the structures in order from smallest to largest?

A) nucleotide, DNA, chromatin, genome
B) genome, chromatin, nucleotide, DNA
C) DNA, nucleotide, genome, chromatin
D) chromatin, genome, DNA, nucleotide

Question 27

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) nucleus-coordinates cell function
B) lysosomes-digest wastes
C) mitochondria-produce proteins
D) cytoskeleton-provides cell structure/shape

Question 28

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. Milk proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported out of cells. Which of the following is true about this type of transport?

A) This is an example of diffusion.
B) It is a type of active transport.
C) It is a type of passive transport.
D) All of these are true.

Question 29

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. The type of tissue lining ducts and breathing passageways of the lungs is __________.

A) epithelial
B) muscle
C) nervous
D) connective

Question 30

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. As the cat's offspring continue to suckle, this stimulates the production of more milk from the mammary glands. This is an example of __________.

A) positive feedback
B) negative feedback
C) homeostasis
D) both negative feedback and homeostasis

Question 31

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. CFTR is a macromolecule that is composed of which of the following?

A) amino acids
B) nucleic acids
C) glucose
D) triglycerides

Question 32

All of the following are examples of carbohydrates EXCEPT

A) glycogen.
B) chitin.
C) glucose.
D) chromatin.

Question 33

Which of the following organelles contain DNA?

A) mitochondria and nucleus
B) mitochondria and ribosomes
C) ribosomes and nucleus
D) ribosomes and lysosomes

Question 34

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. Milk is a type of protein, and within mammalian cells, these proteins are transported in spherical organelles called __________.

A) vesicles
B) Golgi complexes
C) lysosomes
D) mitochondria

Question 35

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions that occur naturally in the body are called __________.

A) enzymes
B) antibodies
C) toxins
D) hormones

Question 36

The main systems associated with communication with the body are the _______________ systems.

A) nervous and endocrine
B) nervous and circulatory
C) immune and endocrine
D) endocrine and circulatory

Question 37

A steady state means that there is no variation in the functioning of a system.

A) True, all systems must maintain homeostasis.
B) False, there are a range of variables over which a system functions.
C) True, there is a single optimal conditioning for body functions.
D) False, most systems do not maintain homeostasis but rely on hormones.

Question 38

After eating a meal, food particles are broken down into simple sugars, which enter the bloodstream. An increase in blood sugar levels leads to the release of insulin from the pancreas, and insulin in turn stimulates cells to take up glucose so that blood sugar levels decrease. This is an example of __________.

A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) homeostasis
D) both negative feedback and homeostasis

Question 39

Placing a blood cell into a glass of pure water causes the cell to burst. Why does this happen?

A) There is a net movement of water, via osmosis, into the cell.
B) All the water moves via osmosis out of the cell.
C) Net transport of water via active transport occurs.
D) Organelles cannot survive and function in pure water.

Question 40

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. CFTR is likely made of what type of macromolecule?

A) protein
B) nucleotide
C) lipid
D) carbohydrate

Question 42

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. People with cystic fibrosis often suffer from a lack of oxygen. Oxygen is required by what cell organelle?

A) mitochondrion
B) nucleus
C) ribosome
D) cytoskeleton

Question 43

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. This defect means that there is a problem at the level of __________.

A) nucleotides
B) amino acids
C) triglycerides
D) glucose molecules

Question 44

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. People with cystic fibrosis often suffer from a lack of oxygen. What symptom is a direct result of a lack of oxygen?

A) lack of energy
B) hyperactivity
C) nervous disorders
D) kidney malfunction

Question 45

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. In cells with a normally functioning CFTR molecule, this molecule moves chloride ions (with a negative charge) out of the cell to the covering mucus on the outside. Positively charged sodium ions then follow these chloride ions out of the cell to maintain electrical balance. This increases the total electrolyte concentration in the mucus, resulting in the movement of water out of the cell, and this water helps provide a fluid environment. People that have a defective gene (and thus a nonfunctioning CFTR molecule) produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus that builds up in the ducts and passageways. The buildup of this sticky mucus results in life-threatening lung infections and serious digestive problems. Many charged particles such as ions cannot pass directly across the plasma membrane. Thus, passive transport of the chloride and sodium ions occurs via what process?

A) facilitated diffusion
B) active transport
C) bulk transport
D) osmosis