Deck 11: Animal Mating and Reproduction

Question 1

All of the following have amniotic eggs EXCEPT

A) salamanders.
B) snakes.
C) sea lions.
D) seagulls.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The plant commonly called "hen and chicks" is a plant that reproduces by budding. A mature individual (the hen) produces many smaller clones of itself via budding (the chicks). This is an example of __________.

A) asexual reproduction
B) parthenogenesis
C) fragmentation
D) sexual reproduction

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All of the following are unique to the male reproductive system EXCEPT

A) the urethra.
B) testicles.
C) vas deferens.
D) the epididymis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the following are true about salmon smolt EXCEPT:

A) They have a larger surface-to-volume ratio compared to adults.
B) They develop adaptations for living in salt water.
C) This is the period when they reach sexual maturity.
D) They are migrating to the ocean.

Question 5

__________ are produced in organs known as __________.

A) Gametes; gonads
B) Gonads; gametes
C) Sperm; spermatocytes
D) Eggs; uterus

Question 6

Sexual dimorphism means that ____________________.

A) males are always larger than females
B) females are always larger than males
C) there is a size difference between males and females
D) males tend to be more "showy" than females

Question 7

Which of the following hormones do males and females have in common?

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) testosterone

Question 8

Which of the following hormones plays a direct role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as facial hair, voice changes, and increasing muscle mass?

A) testosterone
B) LH
C) FH
D) all of these

Question 9

All of the following are important roles of semen EXCEPT

A) to protect sperm.
B) to nourish sperm.
C) to fertilize sperm.
D) to help with sperm transport.

Question 10

As mature adults, male squid have a modified tentacle that carries their sperm. Sperm are produced in testes and transferred to this modified appendage prior to mating. During courtship and mating, the male will insert this tentacle into a structure know as the mantle cavity of a female, where the eggs are waiting. Fertilization occurs within this body cavity. Which of the following is true about this scenario?

A) Internal fertilization occurs.
B) External fertilization occurs.
C) These animals have an amniotic egg.
D) both (a) and (c)

Question 11

Organisms with high levels of parental care ____________________.

A) tend to produce fewer offspring
B) have fewer surviving offspring
C) must be monogamous
D) provide milk for their developing young

Question 12

Testosterone is produced in the __________ under direct stimulation by __________ hormone.

A) testes; luteinizing
B) pituitary; follicle-stimulating
C) testes; follicle-stimulating
D) pituitary; luteinizing

Question 13

Among humans, sexual maturity occurs _______________.

A) after puberty
B) at adulthood
C) when the sexual organs start to develop
D) when the sex hormones are produced

Question 14

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following organisms would be the most fit?

A) a tree that produces thousands of seeds, of which three grow to sexual maturity
B) a bird that produces offspring, of which three survive to reproduce
C) an elephant that has a single offspring that nurses for 8 months and reaches sexual maturity in 10 years
D) both (a) and (b)

Question 15

An organism lives in an environment that is constantly changing. What type of reproduction would be most advantageous?

A) asexual reproduction, because the organism can produce numerous clones of itself
B) sexual reproduction, because new genetic combinations may provide advantages in survival
C) budding, because no time or energy is expended on searching for a mate
D) either asexual or sexual reproduction, because the number of offspring produced is the most important factor

Question 16

In females, the egg passes from the ovary to the uterus via the __________, and fertilization occurs in the __________.

A) oviduct; oviduct
B) oviduct; uterus
C) urethra; oviduct
D) urethra; vagina

Question 17

When does pregnancy start?

A) at fertilization
B) when a zygote forms
C) at gestation
D) when the zygote implants in the uterus

Question 18

Among which of the following will sexual dimorphism lead to females being larger than males?

A) among species where males physically fight for access to females
B) among species where a male must guard a female to prevent other males from mating with her
C) among species where males have to walk long distances to find females but fighting is rare
D) Females being larger than males is always beneficial because it leads to higher fecundity.

Question 19

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A) estrogen-maturation of female reproductive tract
B) placenta-provides nutrients for developing offspring
C) ovarian cycle-prepares uterus to receive egg
D) menopause-cessation of ovarian cycle

Question 20

In sexual reproduction, two __________ fuse to form a __________.

A) gametes; zygote
B) eggs; embryo
C) sperm; zygote
D) gonads; embryo

Question 21

Which of the following is haploid?

A) a fertilized egg
B) a zygote
C) cells of the placenta
D) sperm

Question 22

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction during adverse environmental conditions?

A) Genetically different offspring may survive better in changing environments.
B) Sexual reproduction is less time consuming.
C) Sexual reproduction is less energetically expensive.
D) It allows for the production of a large number of offspring in a short time period.

Question 23

Diploid cells ____________________.

A) have a complete set of homologous chromosomes
B) do not have homologous chromosomes
C) have 48 chromosomes
D) undergo crossing over of homologous chromosomes during mitosis

Question 24

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. If rotifers have a diploid number of 38, how many chromosomes would be found in a sperm cell?

A) 38
B) 19
C) 76

Question 25

Which of the following is true about gametogenesis in humans?

A) Gametogenesis begins at puberty for males and females.
B) Oogenesis starts during fetal development, while spermatogenesis begins at puberty.
C) Spermatogenesis starts during fetal development, while oogenesis begins at puberty.
D) In both males and females, gametogenesis results in four gametes from each diploid germ cell.

Question 26

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. If rotifers have a diploid number of 38, most cells in their bodies would have __________ chromosomes.

A) 38
B) 19
C) 76
D) a combination of 38 and 19

Question 27

Which of the following has to be a haploid cell?

A) a cell with 6 chromosomes
B) a cell with 3 chromosomes
C) a cell with 12 chromosomes
D) a cell with 24 chromosomes

Question 28

All mammals develop a placenta, which provides for exchange of nutrients and wastes between mother and offspring.

A) True, by definition, mammals have placentas.
B) False, some mammals produce eggs.
C) True, all mammals have amniotic eggs.
D) False, not all mammals nurture their young.

Question 29

Which of the following results in diploid cells?

A) gametogenesis
B) mitosis
C) meiosis
D) spermatogenesis

Question 30

Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome. These individuals have some breast development, small testes, and sparse facial and body hair. This syndrome is likely a result of _______________.

A) nondisjunction
B) incomplete crossing over
C) problems with DNA replication
D) lack of spermatogenesis

Question 31

Which of the following is common to both meiosis and mitosis?

A) DNA replication must occur prior to these divisions.
B) Homologous pairs must form.
C) Cytokinesis occurs twice.
D) The chromosome number does not change.

Question 32

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. The rotifers and the aquatic environment in which they live would be considered a(n) __________.

A) ecosystem
B) community
C) population
D) keystone

Question 33

The cytoplasm and most organelles in a zygote derive primarily from

A) the oocyte.
B) the sperm.
C) a combination of the sperm and egg.
D) the zygote, which produces its own new organelles.

Question 34

A chromosome has a gene for long toes. Which of the following would likely be homologous to this chromosome?

A) a chromosome with a gene for short toes
B) a chromosome with a gene for long fingers
C) a chromosome with a trait associated with toe shape other than length
D) a chromosome from either parent

Question 35

A cell with 36 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. The end result is ____________________.

A) two cells with 36 chromosomes
B) four cells with 36 chromosomes
C) two cells with 18 chromosomes
D) four cells with 18 chromosomes

Question 36

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. What type of reproduction occurs among rotifers?

A) sexual reproduction
B) parthenogenesis
C) budding
D) both sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis

Question 37

If this cell is in the middle of meiosis I, the end result of this division would be __________.

A) two identical haploid cells
B) two haploid cells that are not identical
C) two identical diploid cells
D) two diploid cells that are not identical

Question 38

If the diploid number of chromosomes for this cell is six, what stage is represented by this figure?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis I
C) meiosis II
D) either mitosis or meiosis II

Question 39

If this cell is in the middle of meiosis I, the end result of this division would be ____________________.

A) four cells with three chromosomes each
B) two cells with six chromosomes each
C) four cells with six chromosomes each
D) two cells with three chromosomes each

Question 40

During which stage do sister chromatids separate?

A) meiosis II
B) meiosis I
C) mitosis
D) both mitosis and meiosis II

Question 41

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. Rotifers would be considered __________ feeders.

A) bulk
B) filter
C) liquid
D) predatory

Question 42

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. What type of fertilization occurs during sexual reproduction in rotifers?

A) internal
B) external

Question 43

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. Typically, female rotifers are larger than males, sometimes up to ten times larger. Thus, females have a __________ surface-to-volume ratio.

A) larger
B) smaller

Question 44

Rotifers are microscopic freshwater organisms commonly called wheel animals. This name originated because these animals have a band of cilia at their mouth end that can look like a rotating wheel. These cilia are used in locomotion, but also create a current that draws water and particulates into the organism's mouth as it feeds. Reproduction and the life cycle of these organisms can be interesting. Some species consist entirely of females. In other species, males and females can be found, but males are only found rarely and often during times of adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or drying of the pond. Males do not usually possess a functional digestive system and are short-lived. They have a single testis and are often already sexually fertile at birth. Mating occurs when the male either inserts his penis into the cloaca of the female or injects sperm directly into her body cavity. Embryos develop within the female, and most species hatch as miniature versions of the adult. Developing embryos are found in the __________ of the female.

A) uterus
B) oviduct
C) urethra
D) placenta