Deck 23: Digestion and Excretion

Question 1

Gastric bypass surgery

A) is more effective than standard weight loss methods.
B) reduces the size of the patient's stomach and small intestine.
C) reduces the amount of ghrelin secreted, so the patient feels less hungry.
D) may increase the risk of vitamin and mineral deficiency.
E) does all of these.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following animals has a coelom?

A) flatworm
B) earthworm
C) human
D) earthworms and flatworms
E) humans and earthworms

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Biological digestion is defined as

A) taking food into a digestive chamber.
B) breaking food down into smaller pieces that can be absorbed into cells.
C) moving nutrient molecules into the internal environment.
D) expelling indigestible materials.
E) all of these.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a basic task of all animal digestive systems?

A) nutrient absorption
B) elimination
C) digestion
D) ingestion
E) energy production

Question 5

Leptin has its effect on the

A) small intestine.
B) stomach.
C) brain.
D) skeletal muscles.
E) liver.

Question 6

Where is a coelom located?

A) in the wall of the digestive tract
B) in the body wall
C) between the walls of the digestive tract and the body wall
D) between the pharynx and the esophagus
E) in the crop

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of biological digestion?

A) chewing a piece of chocolate
B) the breaking up of proteins by stomach acid
C) salivary enzymes hydrolyzing starch into glucose
D) absorption of fatty acids in the small intestines
E) all of these are examples of biological digestion

Question 8

People who have a deficiency in leptin productionare more likely to

A) be obese.
B) be slimmer.
C) have more skeletal muscle mass.
D) have difficulty processing fatty acids.
E) have more than one of these.

Question 9

Ghrelin is

A) a drug used to control weight gain.
B) a signaling molecule released by the adipose cells to stimulate appetite.
C) a signaling molecule released by cells in the stomach and brain to stimulate appetite.
D) a hormone found only in mice that is used to study weight loss.
E) none of these.

Question 10

Which of the following organisms has the simplest digestive system?

A) earthworm
B) jellyfish
C) grasshopper
D) clam
E) more than one of these organisms has the simplest digestive system

Question 11

Since 1980, the proportion of adults in the United States who are obese has ___ and the proportion of children who are obese has ___.

A) decreased by half---doubled
B) doubled---decreased by half
C) doubled---tripled
D) tripled---doubled
E) stayed the same---doubled

Question 12

The hormone, ___, gives us that hungry feeling when our stomachs are empty.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) ADH
D) insulin
E) glucagon

Question 13

What is the function of a gizzard as found in earthworms and other animals?

A) stores food
B) entrance for food
C) absorbs nutrients
D) grinds food
E) exit for waste

Question 14

Excess energy is stored in ___ mainly in ___.

A) chemical bonds---adipose tissue
B) chemical bonds---carbohydrates
C) carbon atoms---adipose tissue
D) carbon atoms---carbohydrates
E) hydrogen bonds---water

Question 15

Gastric bypass surgery is effective in part because it

A) increases ghrelin levels.
B) decreases ghrelin levels.
C) increases leptin levels.
D) decreases leptin levels.
E) increases ghrelin levels and decreases leptin levels.

Question 16

Leptin works to reduce weight gain by

A) preventing absorption of fat by the small intestine.
B) suppressing the urge to eat.
C) making fat less soluble.
D) stimulating the conversion of fat cells into skeletal muscle cells.
E) stimulating the increased production of acid in the stomach that more thoroughly breaks down fatty acids.

Question 17

What is the function of a crop as found in an earthworm and other animals?

A) grinds food
B) absorbs nutrients
C) exit for waste
D) stores food
E) entrance for food

Question 18

How does a gastrovascular cavity differ from a complete digestive tract?

A) a gastrovascular cavity has an opening that serves as a mouth and an anus
B) the complete digestive process is slower in a gastrovascular cavity
C) there is less specialization of parts in a gastrovascular cavity
D) the four functions of digestion are not simulataneous in a gastrovascular cavity as they are in a complete digestive tract
E) all of these are differences between a gastrovascular cavity and a complete digestive tract

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the flo gene?

A) heterozygotes are twice as likely to be obese
B) the gene is expressed in the brain
C) people who are obese are lacking the flo gene
D) most children in the United States who are obese have two copies of the flo gene
E) flo genes are X-linked, thus boys are more likely than girls to be obese

Question 20

In which of these animals is a gastrovascular cavity found?

A) flatworms
B) sea anemones
C) earthworms
D) monkeys
E) more than one of animals has a gastrovascular cavity

Question 21

What is the primary role of bile salts during digestion?

A) osmoregulation
B) to kill bacteria that may have been consumed
C) to coat fat droplets and keep them separated into small droplets
D) to enzymatically digest fats
E) to do all of these

Question 22

The longest segment of the gut is the

A) cecum
B) small intestine
C) esophagus
D) colon
E) rectum

Question 23

____ are multicelled projections that protrude from the lining of the small intestine.

A) Sphincters
B) Brush borders
C) Microvilli
D) Villi
E) Macrovilli

Question 24

What might a disruption of the stomach's protective mucus layer give rise to?

A) acid reflux
B) ulcers
C) peristalsis
D) heart burn
E) none of these

Question 25

A person chokes when food becomes lodged in

A) the esophagus.
B) the trachea.
C) the larynx.
D) the sinus.
E) none of these.

Question 26

The arrows in the diagram below are pointing to

A) the esophagus and small intestine.
B) the trachea and large intestine.
C) the sphincters at the top and bottom of the stomach.
D) the esophagus and pancreas.
E) the stomach.

Question 27

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, F represents which of the following structures?

A) stomach
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) gallbladder
E) small intestine

Question 28

Which molecules diffuse into the lymph vessels during absorption in the small intestine?

A) simple sugars
B) triglycerides
C) amino acids
D) nucleotides
E) all of these

Question 29

If a person was not able to produce pancreatic secretions, which macromolecule(s) would they have difficulty digesting?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) fats
D) nucleic acids
E) all of these

Question 30

The stomach

A) is a non-elastic sac.
B) secretes enzymes that begin to break down fats.
C) secretes enzymes that begin to break down proteins.
D) is surrounded by three layers of skeletal muscle.
E) fits all of these descriptions.

Question 31

A person choking on a piece of food

A) cannot talk, breath, or cough.
B) can cough but cannot breath or talk.
C) can talk and cough but is unable to breath.
D) can breath through their nose if they remain calm.
E) can do none of these.

Question 32

How many teeth does the average adult human have?

A) 24
B) 32
C) 38
D) 42
E) 20

Question 33

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, which structure is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine and hormones into the blood?

A) D
B) E
C) F
D) G
E) A

Question 34

The large intestine

A) contains bacteria that makes vitamins we need.
B) absorbs water that was not absorbed by the small intestine.
C) concentrates indigestible material into feces.
D) absorbs water that was not absorbed by the small intestine and concentrates indigestible material into feces.
E) does all of these.

Question 35

Peristalsis

A) is an involuntary smooth muscle response to swallowing.
B) is a voluntary smooth muscle response to swallowing.
C) is controlled by muscles surrounding the trachea.
D) occurs when food enters the airway instead of the esophagus.
E) is both b and c.

Question 36

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, which letter represents the beginning of chemical digestion?

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) H
E) I

Question 37

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, which letter indicates the location of chyme production?

A) A
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 38

What is the importance of the structure of the small intestine?

A) The many folds help to mechanically break down food.
B) The many folds help to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption.
C) The many foods help to slow the food down as it moves through the small intestine.
D) choices a, b, and c are all correct.
E) none of these are correct.

Question 39

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, which structure is responsible for storing bile?

A) F
B) G
C) H
D) I
E) J

Question 40

If a person does not produce bile, which macromolecule(s) would they have the most trouble digesting?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) fats
D) nucleic acids
E) all of these

Question 41

Which of the following animals have broad, flat molars and reduced canines?

A) cows
B) cats
C) wolves
D) humans
E) more than one of these

Question 42

The main function of salivary mucus is to

A) break down starch.
B) mechanically breakup food materials.
C) make the food particles sticky.
D) hydrate dry food particles.
E) do more than one of these.

Question 43

Which of the following is a flaplike structure that helps prevent food from entering the windpipe?

A) uvula
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) epiglottis
E) esophagus

Question 44

Which of the following organs do NOT supply enzymes or other compounds that aid the digestive process in the small intestine?

A) pancreas
B) liver
C) gallbladder
D) large intestine
E) all of these organs supply enzymes or other compounds that aid in the digestive process in the small intestine

Question 45

Use the above picture to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, what structure is labeled "D"?

A) the appendix
B) the cecum
C) a polyp
D) a portion of the small intestine
E) the colon

Question 46

Most ulcers are caused by

A) eating spicy food.
B) overuse of aspirin.
C) bacterial infection.
D) stress.
E) poor diet.

Question 47

On what foodstuff does the main enzyme in the mouth act?

A) proteins
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) fats and carbohydrates
E) carbohydrates and proteins

Question 48

Use the above picture to answer the following question(s). Referring to the above diagram, what structure is labeled "C"?

A) the appendix
B) the cecum
C) a polyp
D) a portion of the small intestine
E) the colon

Question 49

If the first sphincter of the digestive tube does not operate properly, what condition could result?

A) stomach ulcers
B) small intestine ulcers
C) tooth decay
D) heartburn
E) constipation

Question 50

Which of the following is a bacterium known to cause stomach ulcers?

A) Clostridium botulinum
B) Staphlococcus aureus
C) Escherichia coli
D) Helicobacter pylori
E) Lactobacillus acidophilus

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

A) storage of ingested food
B) the breakdown of proteins
C) control of passage of food into the small intestine
D) absorption of nutrients
E) all of these are functions of the stomach

Question 52

Most digestion take place in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) large intestine.
D) stomach and small intestine equally.
E) small and large intestine equally.

Question 53

Colon polyps

A) are mostly benign but some may become cancerous.
B) are difficult to cure.
C) are small growths that project from the wall of the small intestine.
D) are responsible for 500,000 deaths in the U.S. every year.
E) are usually benign but may become cancerous and are responsible for 500,000 deaths in the U.S. every year.

Question 54

Which of the following enzymes is found in the human mouth?

A) amylase
B) pepsin
C) gastrin
D) secretin
E) more than one of these enzymes is found in the mouth

Question 55

Throughout the digestive tube are a number of sphincters. The first sphincter encountered by food being digested is between the ___ and the ___.

A) esophagus --stomach
B) pharynx--esophagus
C) stomach--small intestine
D) small intestine--large intestine
E) colon--rectum

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT contained in gastric fluids?

A) acid
B) mucus
C) pepsin
D) salivary amylase
E) all of these are contained in gastric fluids

Question 57

From the back of the mouth to the front, what is the correct order of human teeth?

A) molars--premolars--canines-incisors
B) premolars--molars--canines--incisors
C) canines--incisors--premolars--molars
D) molars--canines--premolars--incisors
E) incisors--canines--premolars--molars

Question 58

Where is the epiglottis located?

A) above the pharynx
B) below the pharynx
C) below the larynx
D) below the esophagus
E) in the middle of the pharynx

Question 59

Protein digestion begins in the

A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.
E) esophagus.

Question 60

The role of a sphincter is to

A) control the passage of materials.
B) create a churning motion.
C) propagate peristalsis.
D) absorb excess water from feces.
E) do more than one of these.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT true about celiac disease?

A) it is a reaction to gluten proteins found in wheat and other grains
B) it is a genetic disorder
C) it is an autoimmune disease
D) the cilia of brush borders are harmed by the immune system
E) all of these are true about celiac disease

Question 62

All blood from small intestine capillaries flow through the ___ to the liver.

A) renal vein
B) renal artery
C) hepatic portal vein
D) hepatic portal artery
E) bile duct

Question 63

Vitamins

A) are organic substances.
B) are inorganic substances.
C) are required in small amounts for normal metabolism.
D) are organic substances and are required in small amounts for normal metabolism.
E) are inorganic substances and are required in small amounts for normal metabolism.

Question 64

Water soluble vitamins

A) must be replenished each day.
B) are destroyed by heat.
C) include vitamins B and C.
D) are not stored in the body.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 65

When a person absorbs more glucose from their diet than they need, the excess

A) is flushed from the system as waste.
B) is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver cells.
C) is stored as fat in the adipose cells.
D) is stored as ATP in the muscle cells.
E) is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver cells, and stored as fat in the adipose cells.

Question 66

The appendix is part of the

A) cecum.
B) colon.
C) rectum.
D) small intestine.
E) stomach.

Question 67

The cecum is

A) the first part of the large intestine.
B) connects to the rectum.
C) between the stomach and the small intestine.
D) a producer of enzymes for digestion in the small intestine.
E) more than one of these.

Question 68

Blood with substances from the small intestine goes through the ___ before returning to the heart.

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) large intestine
E) spleen

Question 69

Since the 1970s, the percentage of overweight Americans has

A) decreased by 50%.
B) tripled.
C) doubled.
D) remained the same.
E) quadrupled.

Question 70

Which of the following is true concerning dietary fiber?

A) polysaccharides when mixed with water form a gel that is insoluble fiber
B) eating foods high in insoluble fiber lowers the risk of heart disease
C) cellulose is a form of soluble fiber
D) eating insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation
E) all of these are true concerning dietary fiber

Question 71

Which molecule is our primary source of energy?

A) protein
B) fatty acids
C) carbohydrates
D) nucleic acids
E) triglycerides

Question 72

Before nitrogenous wastes are excreted in urine, they are converted first to ___ and then to ___.

A) urea--ammonia
B) ammonia--urea
C) glycogen--monosaccharides
D) glycerin--fatty acids
E) glyerin--urea

Question 73

The ___ stores excess glucose as glycogen and the ___ uses glucose to build fats.

A) liver--liver
B) liver--pancreas
C) liver--muscle cells
D) gallbladder--liver
E) pancreas--liver

Question 74

How are the products of fat digestion absorbed differently than the products of carbohydrate and protein digestion?

A) fat products cross the brush border; the others don't
B) fat products enter the interstitial fluids; the others don't
C) fat products are absorbed in the stomach; the others are not
D) fat products are taken up by lymph vessels; the others are not
E) the products of fat digestion are absorbed the same as the products of carbohydrate and protein digestion

Question 75

Which of the following is true about bile?

A) it is an enzyme that digests fat
B) it is made in the gallbladder
C) it is stored in the liver
D) hard pellets of bile are called gallstones
E) none of these is true about bile

Question 76

The body mass index is used to

A) determine a healthy weight based on height.
B) calculate a person's percentage of body fat.
C) calculate a person's percentage of muscle.
D) determine how many calories a person should consume per day.
E) determine a healthy weight based on height, and to determine how many calories a person should consume per day.

Question 77

Which of the following foods contains the greatest amounts of complex carbohydrates?

A) bananas
B) rice
C) broccoli
D) apples
E) beans

Question 78

Fats that your body cannot make are called

A) essential fatty acids.
B) triglycerides.
C) phospholipids.
D) saturated fats.
E) sterols.

Question 79

If you were to consume too much vitamin C what would happen?

A) It would be stored in your adipose tissue.
B) It would be stored in your liver.
C) You would metabolize it for energy.
D) You would eliminate it in your urine.
E) All of these would occur.

Question 80

Feces become concentrated through the process of

A) simple diffusion.
B) hydrolysis.
C) osmosis.
D) active transport.
E) facilitated diffusion.