Deck 21: Circulation and Respiration

Question 1

How do defibrillators work?

A) they pump adrenalin into heart tissue.
B) they deliver an electric shock to the heart's pacemaker.
C) they automate CPR.
D) they massage the heart using remote sensors.
E) they do a combination of more than one of these

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Amphibian and most reptiles have

A) a two-chambered heart with two blood flow circuits.
B) a three-chambered heart with two blood flow circuits.
C) a four-chambered heart with two blood flow circuits.
D) a three-chambered heart with one blood flow circuit.
E) a two-chambered heart with one blood flow circuit.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Capillaries are

A) vessels found only in an open circulatory system.
B) blood vessels with the largest diameter.
C) blood vessels that transfer nutrients to tissues.
D) only found in mammals, birds, and crocodilians.
E) both a and c.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The chances of surviving sudden cardiac arrest increases by ___ percent when the affected person receives CPR within ___ to ___ minutes after the event.

A) 100--10--15
B) 50--4--6
C) 50--10--15
D) 100--4--6
E) 50--40--60

Question 5

To restart a heart, rescuers use

A) CPR.
B) a defibrillator.
C) CPR and a defibrillator.
D) serotonin injections.
E) all of these.

Question 6

Thanks to the efforts of Matt Nader, Texas passed a law requiring that all high schools have

A) more CPR classes.
B) physicians at all football games.
C) rigorous physical examinations for all high school athletes.
D) automated external defibrillators available for emergencies.
E) coaches who do not over exert the school's athletes.

Question 7

Animals that are able to rely on diffusion of gases tend to

A) be small.
B) be large.
C) have all cells close to the body surface and digestive cavity.
D) be both a and c.
E) be both b and c.

Question 8

The circulatory system below would be representative of a circulatory system found in a

A) frog.
B) pig.
C) bird.
D) grasshopper.
E) pig and a bird.

Question 9

An animal with an open circulatory system

A) lacks a continuous network of blood vessels that contain the blood at all times.
B) can have only one heart.
C) has two separate vascular circuits.
D) is able to distribute substances faster than a closed system.
E) can grow larger than one with a closed circulatory system.

Question 10

Examine the diagram above, and answer the following question(s). In the above diagram, B represents which of the following structures?

A) large diameter blood vessels
B) capillary beds
C) the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients
D) the heart
E) capillary beds and the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients

Question 11

Examine the diagram above, and answer the following question(s). The above diagram is an example of

A) a closed circulatory system with one heart.
B) an open circulatory system with one heart.
C) a closed circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.
D) an open circulatory system with a two-chambered heart.
E) a closed circulatory system with a four-chambered heart.

Question 12

Some invertebrates can move gases across their cell's membrane by ___ through interstitial fluid.

A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) bulk transport
D) simple diffusion
E) osmosis

Question 13

Examine the diagram above, and answer the following question(s). In the above diagram, C represents which of the following structures?

A) large diameter blood vessel
B) capillary beds
C) the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients
D) the heart
E) large diameter blood vessel and the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients

Question 14

Circulatory systems

A) are found in all animals.
B) result in slow distribution of nutrients and gases.
C) include one or more hearts.
D) are always closed systems.
E) are all of these.

Question 15

The pulmonary circuit involves blood moving from

A) the ventricle, to the lungs, back to the heart, then to the body tissues.
B) the atrium, to the lungs, and directly to the body tissues.
C) the ventricle, to the body tissue, then to the lungs.
D) the atrium, to the body tissue, then to the heart.
E) the atrium, to the lungs, back to the heart, then to the body tissues.

Question 16

When the heart's pacemaker malfunctions ___ can result.

A) artherosclerois
B) sudden cardiac arrest
C) congenital heart defect
D) coronary heart diseases
E) hypertrophic cardiac defect

Question 17

In flatworms and sea anemones, circulation of solutes and gases is by way of

A) interstitial fluid diffusion.
B) an open circulatory system.
C) a closed circulatory system.
D) cell to cell transport.
E) intracellular diffusion.

Question 18

Cardio-cerebral resuscitation (CCR) differs from CPR in what way?

A) in CCR, an electrical shocking device is used but not in CPR
B) in CPR, an electrical shocking device is used but not in CCR
C) in CCR, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is used but not in CPR
D) in CPR, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is used but not in CCR
E) CCR is not as effective as CPR

Question 19

Which of the following are symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest?

A) burning chest pain
B) blurred vision
C) loss of pulse
D) arrested breathing
E) all of these are symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest

Question 20

The purpose of employing CPR to a person who has sudden cardiac arrest is to

A) restart their heart.
B) ensure an oxygen supply to their brain.
C) keep their lungs inflated.
D) restart their heart and ensure an oxygen supply to their brain.
E) restart their heart and keep their lungs inflated.

Question 21

In a four-chambered heart, which of the following would have the thickest muscle?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) both ventricles would have equally thicker muscle than the atria

Question 22

Arteries carry

A) blood away from the heart.
B) blood towards the heart.
C) only oxygen-rich blood.
D) only oxygen-poor blood.
E) a combination of more than one of these.

Question 23

Which of the following structures contain oxygen-poor blood?

A) left ventricle
B) left atrium
C) aorta
D) pulmonary arteries
E) pulmonary veins

Question 24

Which of the following animals has a closed circulatory system?

A) clams
B) bees
C) rabbits
D) earthworms
E) more than one of these animals

Question 25

Which of the following is an advantage of having a four-chambered heart?

A) only oxygen-rich blood flows to tissues
B) blood pressure in the separate circuits is not independently controlled
C) two separate circuits are possible
D) only with a four-chambered heart are lungs possible
E) more than one of these is an advantage to having a four-chambered heart

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a constituent of an open circulatory system?

A) hemolymph
B) internal cavities
C) a heart
D) capillaries
E) all of these are constituents of an open circulatory system

Question 27

Which of the following is found in an open circulatory system but NOT a closed circulatory system?

A) cavities in body tissues
B) capillaries
C) a heart or hearts
D) a single vascular circuit
E) more than one of these is found in an open circulatory system but NOT in a closed circulatory system

Question 28

This animal has hemolymph that empties into an internal cavity. Which animal is it?

A) a bee
B) a clam
C) a monkey
D) an earthworm
E) more than one of these animals

Question 29

Blood pumped from the left ventricle goes into the

A) vena cava.
B) aorta.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) right ventricle.
E) left atrium.

Question 30

This animal has two atria and one ventricle and two vascular circuits. This animal is

A) a frog.
B) a woodpecker.
C) an alligator.
D) a rat.
E) more than one of these.

Question 31

Pulmonary veins carry

A) oxygen-rich blood.
B) oxygen-poor blood.
C) blood back to the heart.
D) blood from the heart.
E) a combination of two of these.

Question 32

Which of the following is an advantage of the three-chambered heart over the two-chambered heart?

A) blood flow is faster when there are two circuits instead of one circuit
B) blood pressure is independently controlled in each vascular circuit
C) oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood do not mix
D) capillary beds are possible with a three-chambered heart but not a two-chambered heart
E) more than one of these is an advantage of the three-chambered heart over the two-chambered heart

Question 33

In which of the types of hearts is oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mixed?

A) two-chambered
B) three-chambered
C) four-chambered
D) two and three-chambered
E) all three types of hearts

Question 34

Which of the following structures of the human heart contains oxygen-rich blood?

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) pulmonary artery
D) aorta
E) more than one of these structures of the human heart contains oxygen-rich blood.

Question 35

An animal has a heart with two chambers and blood flows in a single circuit. This animal is

A) a salmon.
B) a frog.
C) a red-winged blackbird.
D) a crocodile.
E) more than one of these.

Question 36

This animal has two atria and two ventricles and two vascular circuits. This animal is

A) a Mountain Bluebird.
B) a fire-bellied toad.
C) a trout.
D) a lobster.
E) more than one of these.

Question 37

When blood flows through pulmonary capillaries, it picks up ___ and releases ___.

A) oxygen---carbon dioxide
B) carbon dioxide---oxygen
C) oxygen---oxygen
D) carbon dioxide---carbon dioxide

Question 38

For the following question(s), refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled "A" is the

A) aorta.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) pulmonary vein.
E) superior vena cava.

Question 39

For the following question(s), refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled "G" is the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) superior vena cava.

Question 40

In a four-chambered, in which chamber is the strongest contraction?

A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) left atrium
D) right atrium
E) all chambers contract to the same degree

Question 41

The excitatory signal generated by the cardiac pacemaker spreads from fiber to fiber via

A) gap junctions.
B) tight junctions.
C) gated channels.
D) desmosomes.
E) sodium-potassium channels.

Question 42

The ___ delivers oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.

A) vena cavae
B) pulmonary artery
C) pulmonary vein
D) aorta
E) right atrium

Question 43

In this diagram of the heart, which of the following choices correctly identifies A and B?

A) A is the AV node; B is the cardiac pacemaker.
B) A is the SA node; B is the septum.
C) A is the AV node; B is the SA node.
D) A is the SA node; B is the AV node.
E) A is the septum; B is the cardiac pacemaker.

Question 44

For the following question(s), refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled "F" is the

A) right ventricle.
B) left atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right atrium.
E) superior vena cava.

Question 45

When ventricles are full of blood, which valves are closed?

A) atrioventricular
B) aortic
C) pulmonary
D) aortic and pulmonary
E) all of these valves are closed

Question 46

The SA node

A) generates excitatory signals for muscle contraction.
B) is under voluntary control.
C) receives electrical signals from the AV node.
D) is located in the right atrium.
E) is all of these.

Question 47

Which of the following deliver oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium?

A) vena cavae
B) pulmonary artery
C) pulmonary vein
D) aorta
E) left atrium

Question 48

The double layered sac that surrounds the heart and protects and anchors it is called the

A) peritoneum.
B) perineum.
C) pericardium.
D) peristalsis.
E) periwinkle.

Question 49

When the atria of the heart are filled, which valves are closed?

A) atrioventricular
B) aortic
C) pulmonary
D) pulmonary and aortic
E) all of these valves are closed

Question 50

During the cardiac cycle, which of the following is the correct order of events?

A) atria contract, atria and ventricles relax, ventricles contract
B) ventricles contract, atria contract, atria and ventricles relax
C) atria and ventricles relax, atria contract, ventricles contract
D) ventricles contract, atria and ventricles relax, atria contract
E) none of these

Question 51

In the lup-dup sound of a beating heart, which of the following make the first heart sound?

A) closing of the atrioventricular valves
B) closing of the pulmonary valve
C) closing of the aortic valve
D) the contraction of the left ventricle
E) the contraction of the right ventricle

Question 52

For the following question(s), refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled "B" is the

A) right ventricle.
B) right atrium.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) superior vena cava.

Question 53

Place the following in the correct order of the structures blood flows through beginning with the arrival of blood at the vena cavae and ending with the blood flowing to the lungs.      1. right atrioventricular valve      2. pulmonary artery      3. right ventricle      4. right atrium      5. pulmonary valve

A) 4-3-5-2-1
B) 4-1-3-5-2
C) 4-2-3-1-2
D) 3-1-4-5-2
E) 3-2-4-5-1

Question 54

From the cardiac pacemaker, the excitatory signal travels to the

A) sinoatrial node.
B) atrioventricular node.
C) septum.
D) base of the ventricles.
E) aortic valve.

Question 55

For the following question(s), refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled "D" is the

A) aorta.
B) right atrium.
C) left atrium.
D) trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
E) superior vena cava.

Question 56

The cardiac pacemaker is the

A) sinoatrial node.
B) atrioventricular node.
C) pulmonary node.
D) aortic node.
E) sinoventricular node.

Question 57

For the following question(s), refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled "C" is the

A) right ventricle.
B) left atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
E) right ventricle.

Question 58

In which cavity does the human heart lie?

A) thoracic
B) pelvic
C) abdominal
D) cranial
E) spinal

Question 59

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the

A) left ventricle.
B) right ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.
E) both atria have equally thicker walls than the ventricles.

Question 60

The driving force for heart contraction is

A) contraction of the atria.
B) contraction of the ventricles.
C) closing of the AV valves.
D) opening of the AV valves.
E) closing of the aortic valve.

Question 61

Using the flow chart, starting with the heart and going in order 1 - 5, which is the correct order of blood flow?

A) capillaries, venules, veins, arteries, arterioles
B) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillaries
C) arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
D) veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries
E) arteries, veins, arterioles, capillaries, venules

Question 62

As blood flows through a capillary bed,

A) blood pressure increases.
B) blood pressure remains constant.
C) blood pressure decreases.
D) blood doesn't move through capillaries.
E) none of these occur.

Question 63

Plasma is responsible for transporting

A) nutrients.
B) wastes.
C) signaling molecules.
D) various proteins.
E) all of these.

Question 64

The thinnest vessels in the human circulatory system are the

A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) arterioles.
E) venules.

Question 65

If a small vessel is torn, which component of the blood will temporarily fill the breach?

A) plasma proteins
B) leukocytes
C) platelets
D) erythrocytes
E) all of these

Question 66

Approximately half of the blood volume consists of

A) plasma.
B) erythrocytes.
C) lymph.
D) plasma proteins.
E) leukocytes.

Question 67

The pigment in hemoglobin contains the mineral ___ to which oxygen binds.

A) magnesium
B) iron
C) calcium
D) copper
E) zinc

Question 68

Extra fluid that leaks out of the capillary bed enters

A) the surrounding cells.
B) the lymphatic system.
C) the venules.
D) the capillary again.
E) the adjoining arterioles.

Question 69

The most numerous cells carried in the plasma are

A) erythrocytes.
B) leukocytes.
C) platelets.
D) thrombocytes.
E) cyanocytes.

Question 70

Before they enter the blood stream, what modification occurs to erythrocytes?

A) they are loaded with ant-bacterial compounds
B) they lose their nucleus and other organelles
C) they absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
D) they are wrapped in a double plasma membrane
E) they absorb nutrients and expel wastes

Question 71

As blood leaves the heart, which of the following is the correct order of vessels traveled?

A) vein, arteries, capillaries, venules, arterioles
B) arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles, venules
C) arteries, capillaries, arterioles, venules, veins
D) arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
E) veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries

Question 72

____ is (are) the transport medium for blood cells and platelets.

A) Pure water
B) Plasma
C) Lymph fluid
D) Plasma and lymph fluid
E) None of these

Question 73

Red blood cells

A) have a large nucleus when they enter circulation.
B) do not have a nucleus when they enter circulation.
C) are the only cells to lack hemoglobin.
D) develop in the yellow marrow.
E) fit more than one of these descriptions.

Question 74

Gas exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid occurs via

A) diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) passive transport.
D) endocytosis.
E) pressure flow.

Question 75

____ is the lowest blood pressure of the cardiac cycle and occurs when the ____.

A) Systolic pressure; ventricles are fully relaxed
B) Diastolic pressure; ventricles are contracting
C) Systolic pressure; ventricles are contracting
D) Diastolic pressure; ventricles are fully relaxed
E) None of these

Question 76

Which of the following is carried in plasma?

A) erythrocytes
B) leukocytes
C) platelets
D) nutrients
E) all of these are carried in plasma

Question 77

Blood flow distribution can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the

A) arteries.
B) capillaries.
C) arterioles.
D) veins.
E) venules.

Question 78

Which vessel of the human body can serve as a blood reservoir?

A) vein
B) venule
C) capillary
D) arteriole
E) artery

Question 79

An average person has approximately ___ liters of blood in their bodies.

A) 1.5
B) 2.5
C) 3.5
D) 4.5
E) 5.5

Question 80

The bulging of a(n) ____ during the contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ____.

A) arteriole; pulse
B) artery; blood pressure
C) arteriole; blood pressure
D) artery; pulse
E) vein; pulse