Deck 22: Immunity

Question 1

Immunity

A) is always adaptive.
B) is an organism's ability to resist and combat infections.
C) arose prior to multicellularity.
D) is only found in mammals.
E) is true for both b and c.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Human papillomavirus infects

A) blood.
B) bone tissue.
C) mucus membranes.
D) brain tissue.
E) muscle tissue.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following characteristics do eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells have in common?

A) They all lack a nucleus.
B) They are all anchored to tissue.
C) They all circulate in the bloodstream.
D) They all have granules.
E) They are all capable of targeting cancer cells.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In comparing innate immunity to adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is (are) correct?

A) Innate immunity has a response time of about a week; adaptive immunity has an immediate response time.
B) Innate immunity uses billions of different antigen receptors to detect antigens; adaptive immunity has a fixed set of receptors.
C) Innate immunity does not target specific antigens; adaptive immunity does target specific antigens.
D) Innate immunity has a long persistence; adaptive immunity does not persist.
E) Both a and b are correct.

Question 5

Precancerous cervical cells can be detected by

A) routine Pap smears.
B) self-examination.
C) a series of blood tests.
D) x-ray examinations.
E) ultra-sound.

Question 6

What was Frankie's last wish?

A) that young women have a yearly PAP test
B) to not assume youth is a protection against cervical cancer
C) to tell young women that cancer does not discriminate
D) awareness
E) all of these were a part of Frankie's last wish

Question 7

Which white blood cell(s) is (are) the only cell(s) that produces antibodies?

A) B cell
B) T cell
C) natural killer cell
D) dendritic cell
E) all of these

Question 8

Activated complement proteins

A) produce antigens.
B) destroy invading cells.
C) mark invading cells for phagocytosis.
D) bind to antibodies.
E) do more than one of these things.

Question 9

____ have (has) a response time of about a week.

A) Innate and adaptive immunities
B) Adaptive immunity
C) Innate immunity
D) Neither innate nor adaptive immunities
E) Complement immunity

Question 10

Specific targeting of an antigen is a characteristic of which line of defense?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 11

The skin would be an example of

A) a first line of defense.
B) a second line of defense.
C) a third line of defense.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 12

Cells of multicelled eukaryotes have receptors that can recognize around ___ PAMPs.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) 10,000
E) 100,000

Question 13

In mammals, the binding of an antigen to a cell's receptors directly activates

A) complement proteins.
B) adaptive immunity.
C) PAMPs.
D) genes on DNA.
E) killer T cells.

Question 14

A molecule or praticle recognized by the body as nonself is a(an)

A) antibody.
B) antigen.
C) complement.
D) macrophage.
E) phagocyte.

Question 15

The cervix is

A) the upper part of the uterus.
B) the lowest part of the bladder.
C) the lowest part of the uterus.
D) connected to the fallopian tubes.
E) the entire uterus.

Question 16

PAMPs include

A) bacterial flagella.
B) bacterial pili.
C) components of bacterial cell walls.
D) double-stranded RNA.
E) all of these.

Question 17

Gardasil

A) is a vaccine against four types of HPV.
B) is most effective in younger girls who have yet to become sexually active.
C) was approved by the FDA in 2006.
D) prevents cervical cancer shown to be caused by HPV strains 16 and 18.
E) is described by all of these.

Question 18

Mast cells

A) are anchored in tissue.
B) secrete substances contained within their granules.
C) will respond to injury or antigen.
D) may respond to chemical signals from the nervous system.
E) fit all of these characteristics.

Question 19

In general, HPV causes

A) warts.
B) pimples.
C) moles.
D) freckles.
E) more than one of these.

Question 20

Healthy cervical cells are transformed into cancerous one by infection with

A) HPV.
B) HIV.
C) polio virus.
D) H1N1.
E) any of these viruses.

Question 21

Which of the following white blood cells do NOT contain granules?

A) neutrophils
B) eosinophils
C) basophils
D) mast cells
E) monocytes

Question 22

Which of the following are serious illnesses associated with normal flora?

A) meningitis
B) colon cancer
C) brain abscesses
D) colitis
E) all of these are serious illnesses associated with normal flora

Question 23

With which of the following chemicals do white blood cells communicate with each other?

A) complement proteins
B) cytokine
C) hydrogen peroxide
D) methicillin
E) lysozyme

Question 24

This bacterium is the leading cause of human bacterial disease and some strains are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. This bacterium is

A) Clostridium tetani
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Escherichia coli
D) Staphlococcus epidermidis
E) Staphlococcus aureus

Question 25

Innate immunity begins when

A) triggered by adaptive immunity.
B) tissue is damaged.
C) white blood cells start dividing.
D) complement proteins are released.
E) PAMPs are detected.

Question 26

Blood and tissue fluids of healthy people

A) contain different normal flora than found on the skin.
B) contain the same normal flora as found on the skin.
C) contain twice as many bacteria and yeast as found on the skin.
D) contain only protozoa as part of the normal flora.
E) are generally sterile and contain no microorganisms.

Question 27

Which of the following white blood cells make antibodies?

A) T lymphocytes
B) B lymphocytes
C) dendritic cells
D) macrophages
E) more than one of these white blood cells makes antibodies

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the evolution of immunity?

A) immunity evolved before there were multicelled eukaryotes
B) nonself recognition evolved about 1 billion years ago
C) innate immunity evolved out of adaptive immunity
D) ways of indentifying "self" evolved after multicelled eukaryotes evolved
E) more than one of these statements is NOT true about the evolution of immunity

Question 29

In this type of immunity, the response is immediate, the antigen is detected by a fixed set of receptors, and does not persist. This type of immunity is

A) innate.
B) adaptive.
C) antibody-mediated
D) cell-mediated.
E) more than one of these.

Question 30

What is the function of white blood cell granules?

A) to phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
B) to release cytokines, digestive enzymes, and toxins that kill parasites
C) to activate killer Tcells
D) to morph into dendritic cells that phagocytize pathogens
E) to act as memory cells for B lymphocytes

Question 31

This white blood cell degranulates in response to injury or antigens and stays anchored in cells closely associated with neurons. This white blood is a(an)

A) mast cell.
B) eosinophil.
C) basophil.
D) dendritic cell.
E) neutrophil

Question 32

The most abundant phagocytes in our immune system arsenal are the

A) macrophages.
B) neutrophils.
C) monocytes.
D) dendritic cells.
E) T lymphocytes.

Question 33

____ are enzymes found in the ____ secreted by cells lining the body's interior tubes and cavities.

A) Lysozymes; proteins
B) Peroxidases; acid
C) ATPases; mucus
D) Lysozymes; mucus
E) Peroxidases; mucus

Question 34

Which of the following white blood cells kill cancerous body cells?

A) cytotoxic T cells
B) B lymphocytes
C) natural killer lymphocytes
D) mast cells
E) more than one of these white blood cells kill cancerous body cells

Question 35

___ develop into phagocytic ___ that migrate through tissues digesting pathogens etc.

A) Macrophages...neutrophils
B) Neutrophils...macrophages
C) Dendritic cells...macrophages
D) Monocytes...macrophages
E) Monocytes...dendritic cells

Question 36

Which of the following is a phagocyte that acts to inform the adaptive immune system of antigens?

A) macrophages
B) monocytes
C) neutrophils
D) dendritic cells
E) eosinophils

Question 37

PAMPs, complement proteins, and phagocytes are a part of ___ immunity.

A) adaptive
B) innate
C) antibody-mediated
D) cell-mediated
E) all of these kinds of

Question 38

____ is a particularly dangerous strain of a residential bacteria because it doesn't respond to antibiotic treatment.

A) C. tetani
B) MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus )
C) C. diphtheria
D) E. coli
E) H. pylori

Question 39

Which of the following is the correct order of the three lines of defense?

A) barriers that exclude pathogens>>adaptive immunity>>innate immunity
B) barriers that exclude pathogens>>innate immunity>>adaptive immunity
C) innate immunity>>adaptive immunity>>barriers that exclude pathogens
D) apaptive immunity>>barriers that exclude pathogens>>innate immunity
E) apative immunity>>innate immunity>>barriers that exclude pathogens

Question 40

What is true about the normal flora that inhabit our body surfaces?

A) most are harmful
B) they competitively exclude more harmful species
C) some produce vitamin C
D) they become even more beneficial if they invade tissues
E) all of these are true except that most are harmful

Question 41

Which white blood cell type is usually the first to encounter an invading pathogen?

A) B cell
B) T cell
C) macrophage
D) natural killer cell
E) basophil

Question 42

Which of the following directly cause the brain's "thermostat" to raise the body's internal temperature set point?

A) cytokines
B) histamines
C) prostaglandins
D) histamines and prostaglandins
E) complement proteins

Question 43

Which of the following do NOT kill microorganisms that get swallowed?

A) stomach acidity
B) protein-digesting enzymes
C) bile salts
D) PAMPs
E) all of these do kill microorganisms that get swallowed

Question 44

These white blood cells are concentrated in the lining of respiratory passages, are important phagocytes that protect the lungs, and present antigens to T cells. These white blood cells are

A) B lymphocytes.
B) macrophages.
C) neutrophils.
D) dendritic cells.
E) mast cells.

Question 45

Innate immunity defenses include

A) phagocytosis.
B) complement system.
C) inflammation.
D) fever.
E) all of these.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a protection the body's inner surfaces use against penetration by harmful microorganisms?

A) thick stratified epithelial layers that prevent penetration
B) sticky mucus that traps microorganisms
C) lysozyme that kills bacteria
D) cilia that sweeps away microorganims
E) all of these are protection against penetration by harmful microorganims

Question 47

Which of the following cause arterioles to widen and capillaries become more permeable?

A) prostaglandins
B) histamines
C) complement proteins
D) histamines and complement proteins
E) histamines and prostaglandins

Question 48

Which of the following white blood cells have receptors for activated complement proteins?

A) dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils
B) mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils
C) dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, and neutrophils
D) dendritic cells, eosinophils, and macrophages
E) all of these white blood cells have receptors for activated complement proteins

Question 49

Inflammation is part of the __ line(s) of defense.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) first and second
E) second and third

Question 50

In which of the following places would you find the largest concentrations of normal flora?

A) armpits
B) between the toes
C) mouth
D) stomach fluids
E) hair

Question 51

Place the following events of an inflammatory event in response to bacterial infection in proper order. 1. activated complement binds to bacteria 2. capillary permeability increased 3. phagocytes engulf bacteria 4. mast cell receptors bind to bacterial antigens 5. signaling molecules cause arterioles to widen

A) 4-5-2-1-3
B) 4-3-1-2-5
C) 5-2-1-4-3
D) 1-3-4-2-5
E) 5-2-4-1-3

Question 52

Once a stimulus for inflammation subsides, ___ produce compounds that suppress inflammation and promote healing.

A) neutrophils
B) macrophages
C) dendritic cells
D) T lymphocytes
E) monocytes

Question 53

Which of the following bacteria produce an acid that serves to prevent the colonization of the vagina by bacteria and fungi?

A) Escherichia
B) Stahplococcus
C) Lactobacillus
D) Clostridium
E) Corynebacterium

Question 54

During inflammation, activated mast cells release

A) cytokines.
B) histamines.
C) complement and cytokines.
D) prostaglandins.
E) histamines and prostaglandins.

Question 55

Inflammation

A) is triggered by activated complement.
B) is a non-specific, local response.
C) results in redness due to increased blood flow.
D) results in swelling due to diffusion of water into the tissue.
E) is true of all of these.

Question 56

When macrophages bind antigens, they secrete ____ to attract more phagocytic cells.

A) more antigens
B) MHC
C) cytokines
D) antibodies
E) complement

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT true of complement proteins?

A) they are part of the third line of defense
B) they may be activated by antigens
C) they can activate other complement proteins
D) some bind to pathogens making them a target for phagocytosis
E) all of these are NOT true of complement proteins

Question 58

These white blood cells are especially effective at killing bacteria and will actually explode their contents creating a net that traps and kills pathogens. These white blood cells are

A) neutrophils.
B) macrophages.
C) B lymphocytes.
D) dendritic cells.
E) eosinophils.

Question 59

These white blood cells are in interstitial fluid, phagocytize almost everything except uninjured body cells, and secrete cytokine which alerts the adaptive immune system to threats. These white blood cells are

A) neutrophils.
B) macrophages.
C) T lymphocytes.
D) dendritic cells.
E) eosinophils.

Question 60

When macrophages bind to an antigen they secrete cytokines. Cytokines act as

A) antibodies.
B) phagocytes.
C) signaling molecules.
D) enzymes.
E) antigens.

Question 61

T cells will begin to secrete cytokines when bound to which of the following?

A) a MHC-antigen complex
B) a receptor-antigen complex
C) an antigen directly bound to the surface of a transport vesicle
D) an antigen directly bound to the surface of a macrophage only
E) another T cell only

Question 62

The bacterium that in part causes acne is

A) Propionibacterium
B) Porphyromonas
C) Streptococcus
D) Lactobacillus
E) Clostridium

Question 63

Recognition proteins on the surface of your cells are called

A) TCRs.
B) cytokines.
C) MHC markers.
D) complements.
E) PAMPs.

Question 64

Why do lymph nodes swell during an infection?

A) Macrophages accumulate in them.
B) Bacteria accumulate in them.
C) T cells accumulate in them.
D) Production of lymphatic fluid increases.
E) Production of mucous increases.

Question 65

In which part of the brain contains the body's "thermostat"?

A) hypothalamus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) anterior pituitary gland
E) medulla

Question 66

In adaptive immune responses, which of the following is NOT capable of acting as an antigen-presenting cell?

A) T cell
B) macrophage
C) dendritic cell
D) B cell
E) all of these are capable

Question 67

MHC markers are

A) a type of PAMP.
B) special receptors on T cells.
C) self proteins on body cells.
D) antibodies attached to a B cell plasma membrane.
E) Y-shaped proteins secreted by B cells.

Question 68

Once a macrophage ingests a foreign antigen, the antigen is presented in which of the following manners?

A) embedded directly in the cell membrane of the macrophage
B) embedded in the membrane of a transport vesicle and released via exocytosis
C) attached to a receptor protein, forming a receptor-antigen complex
D) attached to MHC, forming a MHC-antigen complex
E) none of these

Question 69

Brain damage or death can occur if the body's temperature reaches ___ Celsius.

A) 38
B) 39
C) 40
D) 41
E) 42

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT true of antibodies?

A) they are secreted by B cells and T cells
B) they are Y shaped
C) they activate complement
D) they facilitate phagocytosis
E) they bind to specific antigens

Question 71

With which of the following disease are oral bacteria NOT associated?

A) periodontitis.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) coronary atery disease.
D) tetanus.
E) oral bacteria are NOT associated with any of these diseases except periodontitis

Question 72

Which of the following compounds found in dental plaque dissolves minerals in the teeth?

A) hydrochloric acid
B) lactic acid
C) carbonic acid
D) floric acid
E) more than one of these

Question 73

The ability of the adaptive immune response to tailor its response to a particular antigen is referred to as

A) diversity.
B) memory.
C) specificity.
D) inflammation.
E) self-recognition.

Question 74

Acne results when

A) bacterial secretions from hair follicles leak into internal tissues.
B) bacteria that cause acne burrow into open skin wounds.
C) bacterial secretions are swallowed and become systemic.
D) bacterial secretions mix with sweat and become more acidic.
E) bacteria are phagocytized by macrophages which then become hyperactive.

Question 75

If the innate immune response is not effective, what form of immune response occurs next?

A) antigen detection of PAMPs
B) phagocytosis
C) NK cells start destroying cells
D) antigen detection by antibodies
E) more than one of these occurs next

Question 76

A person in puberty is more likely to have acne because they

A) sweat more.
B) produce more saliva.
C) have more surface flora.
D) produce more sebum.
E) do more than one of these.

Question 77

The bacterium that in part causes acne feeds on

A) saliva.
B) sudor.
C) sebum.
D) surface bacteria.
E) more than one of these.

Question 78

Gerard is a 10 year old boy in a family of five. To which member of his family would his MHC genes be the most the same?

A) his father, Donn
B) his mother, Sabine
C) his sister, Eliza
D) his identical twin, Gerome
E) his identical twin, Gerome, and his sister, Eliza, would have MHC genes equally the same as Gerard's

Question 79

Sebum contains

A) fats
B) waxes
C) glycerides
D) all of these plus lysozyme
E) all of these except lysozyme

Question 80

Identify the site indicated by the arrow in the diagram.

A) complement binding site of an antibody
B) antigen binding site of an antibody
C) MHC binding site of an antigen
D) complement binding site of T cell receptor
E) MHC binding site of a T cell receptor