Deck 12: Sociological Aspects of Young and Middle Adulthood

Question 1

The rate of female-headed homes in African-American families is nearly three times that in white families.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The following model of organizational behavior emphasizes the importance of identifying the best worker for each job and then studying how he or she effectively and efficiently does the work:

A)Custodial model
B)Theory X
C)Theory Z
D)Scientific management

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The _____   holds that we either select a partner who has the characteristics we wish we had ourselves or someone who can help us be the kind of person we want to be.

A)propinquity theory
B)complementary needs theory
C)congruence in values theory
D)homogamy theory

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The following is true about conservatives:

A)The Republican Party is considered to be relatively conservative.
B)Conservatives believe the government should step in with the workings of the marketplace.
C)Conservatives generally do not advocate a residual approach to social welfare programs.
D)Conservatives believe that an individual's difficulties are due to causes largely beyond his or her control.

Question 5

A downfall of the MBO approach is that it does not create diversity in the workplace.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about the interactionist approach?

A)The theory asserts that human beings interpret or define each other's actions instead of merely reacting.
B)Interactionists focus on larger structures of society.
C)This theory is criticized as being a philosophy that works for the benefit of the privileged social classes.
D)It views society as a struggle for power among various social groups.

Question 7

The following value orientation is grounded in an appreciation of artistic values, and personal preferences for form, harmony, and beauty are influential in making decisions:

A)Theoretical
B)Economic
C)Aesthetic
D)Social

Question 8

According to the functionalist perspective, some of the functions and dysfunctions of a social system are _____, that is, obvious to everyone.

A)latent
B)quantitative
C)manifest
D)qualitative

Question 9

_____ percent of the population in the United States is living below the poverty line.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 10

The propinquity theory holds that our value system consciously and unconsciously guides us in selecting a mate.

Question 11

The following is true about divorce:

A)Divorce rates are higher for those having a long engagement.
B)People who marry at an older age are more apt to divorce than those who marry at a very young age.
C)Divorce occurs more frequently at the lower socioeconomic levels.
D)The more religious individuals are, the more apt they are to become divorced.

Question 12

The following theorist played a prominent role in developing the scientific management model:

A)W. Edwards Deming
B)Frederick Taylor
C)William Ouchi
D)Peter Drucker

Question 13

Which of the following is accurate regarding macro social system theories?

A)Functionalists assert that most people obey the law because they believe the law is fair and just.
B)Functionalism theorists assert that social order is maintained by authority backed by the use of force.
C)Conflict theorists assert that most people in society share the same set of values and norms.
D)From the functionalist perspective, social change mainly involves reordering the distribution of scarce goods among groups.

Question 14

A(n)_____ focuses attention on a family's interactions with groups, resources, organizations, associations, other families, and other individuals.

A)genogram
B)ecomap
C)hierarchy of needs
D)family ark

Question 15

Critics of functionalism assert:

A)The theory has a liberal philosophy that advocates rapid social changes.
B)The theory tends to ignore basic social injustices.
C)The theory focuses too much on seeking to benefit the poor.
D)The theory focuses too much on seeking to benefit the oppressed and those who are victimized by discrimination.

Question 16

The looking-glass self process advanced by Cooley asserts we develop our self-concept by seeing and hearing how others react to us.

Question 17

The following theory of organizational behavior looks to provide lifetime employment:

A)The autocratic model
B)Theory X
C)Theory Z
D)Total quality management

Question 18

The following is true about the problem-solving approach to resolving conflict:

A)The conflict is defined as a win-lose situation.
B)Each side seeks solutions to meet only its needs.
C)Each side attempts to force the other side into submission.
D)Each side honestly and openly communicates its goals, needs, and ideas.

Question 19

This stage of parenting occurs after the birth of the first child and lasts for a few months:

A)Honeymoon
B)Plateau
C)Disengagement
D)Anticipation

Question 20

The collegial model emphasizes the team concept.

Question 21

It is critical for newly hired social workers in an organization to observe and determine if supervisors believe in a Theory X or Theory Y style of management.

Question 22

Define functionalism.

Question 23

Oscar Lewis has developed a "culture of poverty" explanation for why poverty is passed on from one generation to another. Describe this theory, and analyze the merits and shortcomings of this explanation.

Question 24

A bureaucratic system is considered "good."

Question 25

Conservatives revere the traditional nuclear family and try to devise policies to preserve it.

Question 26

Define propinquity theory.

Question 27

Summarize the major problems encountered by blended families. What suggestions do you have for parents in blended families to successfully handle the problems that you identified?

Question 28

Value orientation means an individual's own ideas about what is desirable and worthwhile.

Question 29

TQM believes in the "60/40 Rule."

Question 30

Compare and contrast the liberal, conservative, and developmental perspectives on human service organizations.