Deck 2: Physical and Mental Health and Health Care

Question 1

In developing countries, the leading cause of death of women ages 15 to 49 is

A)complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and unsafe abortion.
B)respiratory and heart diseases.
C)degenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
D)cancer.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The World Health Organization defines health as

A)an individual's perception of being well.
B)a state of physical well-being.
C)the absence of illness.
D)a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Steve Jobs reportedly traveled to Switzerland for special cancer treatment.This is an example of

A)globesity.
B)secularization.
C)medicalization.
D)medical tourism.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_____________ countries are also known as the high-income countries.

A)Developed
B)Developing
C)Primary
D)Elite

Question 5

​Which of the following was NOT cited in the textbook as a risk accompanying medical tourism?

A)​lack of quality control
B)​increasing the illegal market for human organs
C)​loss of income for insurance companies
D)​spread of infectious disease

Question 6

_______ can have positive effects on health, such as improving communication regarding the spread of disease and its prevention, and negative effects on health, such as facilitating the spread of infectious disease and increasing pollution.

A)Deinstitutionalization
B)Globalization
C)Parity
D)Morbidity

Question 7

The major cause of under-5 mortality is

A)premature birth and low birth weight.
B)diarrhea resulting from poor water quality and sanitation.
C)contagious childhood illness, such as measles.
D)hospital-borne bacteria transmitted to the child during birth.

Question 8

Life expectancy is

A)the average age of death in a given year.
B)the average age individuals surveyed in a given year expect to live.
C)the average age individuals born in a given year can expect to live.
D)the average age individuals born in a given year can expect to live in good health.

Question 9

The infant-mortality rate refers to the number of deaths of live-born infants under _________ of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)1 year
D)2 years

Question 10

The disparity between rich and poor countries is greatest for​

A)​maternal mortality.
B)​infant mortality.
C)​under-5 mortality.
D)​heart disease.

Question 11

The major health threat in developed countries is

A)infectious diseases.
B)parasites.
C)noninfectious, nontransmissible diseases.
D)malnutrition.

Question 12

Today, the leading cause of death worldwide is

A)infectious and parasitic diseases.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)cancer.
D)homicide.

Question 13

The textbook identified several negative effects on health caused by globalization.Which of the following is NOT one of these negative effects?

A)medical tourism
B)globesity
C)increased spread of infectious disease
D)increased pollution

Question 14

Medical tourism refers to

A)doctors and other health care professionals traveling around the world to offer their services where needed.
B)a growing multibillion dollar industry involving traveling for the purpose of obtaining medical care.
C)the increased spread of infectious diseases across international borders.
D)the spread of disease caused by international tourism.

Question 15

Worldwide, what are the most common causes of death?​

A)​parasitic infections
B)​heart disease, stroke, cancer, and respiratory diseases
C)​hunger
D)​infectious diseases

Question 16

High maternal mortality rates in less developed countries result mostly from

A)high levels of intravenous drug use.
B)high rates of HIV/AIDS.
C)lack of access to quality health care, sanitation and nutrition.
D)high levels of obesity.

Question 17

Which term refers to the growing economic, political, and social interconnectedness among societies?

A)postindustrialization
B)globalization
C)international dependence
D)secularization

Question 18

The societal health measure showing the greatest disparity between rich and poor countries is

A)infant mortality.
B)under-5 mortality.
C)maternal mortality.
D)life expectancy.

Question 19

What is the average life expectancy in the high-income countries?​

A)​55
B)​65
C)​70
D)​80

Question 20

Which causes of death are much more common in the low-income countries than in the high-income countries?

A)parasitic and infectious diseases
B)chronic noninfectious diseases
C)heart disease
D)diseases caused by physical inactivity

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the health environment of Americans?

A)Americans have the highest obesity rates of any industrialized nation.
B)American communities are designed for automobiles rather than pedestrians.
C)Americans tend to work fewer hours and take more time off than workers in other industrialized nations.
D)Americans tend to have unhealthy patterns of food consumption.

Question 22

The concept of medicalization includes

A)defining normal biological events, such as childbirth or menopause, as medical problems.
B)financial contributions of private health care providers and insurers to political campaigns.
C)increasing use of "natural" and "alternative" medicines to treat life-threatening illnesses.
D)emphasis on health care treatment rather than prevention of illness and disability.

Question 23

_________ refers to health conditions characterized by changes in thinking, mood, and/or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning that meet certain criteria.

A)Mental health
B)Mental condition
C)Mental illness
D)Mental disease

Question 24

The use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This is an example of

A)manifest functions.
B)latent dysfunctions.
C)bad policy.
D)poor individual choices.

Question 25

Which concept refers to a person's position in society based on that person's level of educational attainment, occupation, and household income?

A)economic development
B)socioeconomic status
C)ethnicity
D)economic relevance

Question 26

Which theoretical perspective focuses on how wealth, status, power, and the profit motive influence illness and health care?​

A)​social exchange
B)​structural-functionalist
C)​conflict
D)​symbolic interactionist

Question 27

Individuals with mental illness, drug addiction, or missing teeth are likely to be stigmatized.__________ theorists would be interested in how these individuals are labeled.​

A)​social exchange
B)​conflict
C)​symbolic interaction
D)​structural-functional

Question 28

The conflict perspective in sociology is likely to be concerned with the

A)norms associated with the "sick role."
B)stigma attached to people who are mentally ill.
C)profit motive of pharmaceutical and health care industries.
D)ways in which medicine can transform lives as well as treat illnesses.

Question 29

Which of the industrialized nations spends the most per person on healthcare?

A)Canada
B)Great Britain
C)United States
D)Sweden

Question 30

__________ is the most common reason college students seek treatment or receive services for mental health issues.

A)Eating disorder
B)Anxiety
C)Schizophrenia
D)Bipolar disorder

Question 31

Compared with people in other industrialized countries, Americans are​

A)​less likely to smoke and drink alcohol.
B)​more likely to have uncontrolled cholesterol.
C)​less likely to get screened for cancer.
D)​more likely to die from infectious diseases.

Question 32

Which theoretical perspective focuses on the medicalization of society?​

A)​symbolic interaction
B)​structural-functional
C)​social exchange
D)​conflict

Question 33

Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness contribute to its discrediting label or​

A)​anomie.
B)​alienation.
C)​transference.
D)​stigma.

Question 34

As societies develop and provide better living conditions, there is a shift from

A)high life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to low life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions.
B)low life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to high life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions.
C)low maternal and infant mortality and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions to high maternal and infant mortality and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases.
D)high maternal and infant mortality and predominance of deaths due to parasitic and infectious diseases to low maternal and infant mortality and predominance of deaths due to autoimmune diseases, such as AIDS.

Question 35

Juan's health will be influenced by his socioeconomic status, including his occupation, household income, and

A)race.
B)ethnicity.
C)education.
D)geographical location.

Question 36

A symbolic interactionist is likely to study

A)health care as a market commodity in capitalistic systems.
B)the varying definitions of diseases and conditions across cultures.
C)how illness leads to other social problems in society.
D)how illness keeps people from performing their roles.

Question 37

Mental illness is associated with a/an __________, a discrediting label that blocks a person from social acceptance.

A)medicalization
B)stigma
C)sick role
D)alienation

Question 38

Conflict theorists interested in health emphasize

A)the relationships between corporate profit and the health of workers and consumers.
B)the development of the "sick role."
C)the quality of doctor training.
D)the effectiveness of drugs.

Question 39

Which of the theoretical perspectives is most likely to study how changes in society affect health?

A)structural-functionalism
B)conflict
C)feminism
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 40

Mental illness is considered a "hidden epidemic" because

A)most mentally ill are institutionalized in hospitals or long-term care facilities.
B)the mentally ill are more likely to stay at home and avoid contact with others.
C)the shame associated with mental problems discourages people from acknowledging them.
D)health care providers tend to misdiagnose mentally ill patients as physically ill.

Question 41

All of the following contribute to poorer health among racial and ethnic minorities compared to whites in the U.S.EXCEPT

A)socioeconomic differences.
B)greater access to preventive care.
C)greater exposure to environmental hazards.
D)lifestyle differences.

Question 42

Medicare

A)reimburses the elderly and disabled for some health care costs.
B)provides free health care for the poor.
C)provides free immunizations and preventive care for poor children.
D)is a neighborhood emergency health care facility.

Question 43

Which of the following have the highest rate of infant mortality?

A)white, non-Hispanic Americans
B)black Americans
C)Hispanics
D)Asian Americans

Question 44

Which of the following government funded programs is intended to provide health coverage for poor Americans, regardless of age?

A)Medicaid
B)Medicare
C)Managed care
D)SCHIP

Question 45

Medicaid is funded

A)solely by the federal government.
B)solely by the state government.
C)jointly by federal and state governments.
D)by private insurance corporations.

Question 46

Managed health care

A)is a government agency designed to monitor the quality of hospital care.
B)is a private agency designed to monitor and control the quality of physician care.
C)provides in-home health care to fatally ill patients.
D)controls costs by monitoring and controlling the decisions of health care providers.

Question 47

Research on the relationship between education and health shows that, on average, compared with individuals with higher levels of education, individuals with lower levels of education

A)have less knowledge regarding health risks.
B)care less about their health.
C)focus more on mental health than physical health.
D)focus more on preventive care than treatment for illnesses.

Question 48

Each of the following has negative implications for women's health worldwide EXCEPT

A)sexual violence.
B)gender equality.
C)nutritional deprivation.
D)indoor air pollution.

Question 49

What is an example of how health problems impact poverty?

A)The higher social classes are more likely to be diagnosed and treated for mental illness.
B)Physical and mental health problems can limit one's ability to pursue education and vocational training and/or employment
C)Lower-class individuals experience greater adversity and stress as a result of their deprived and difficult living conditions.
D)Individuals in higher social classes are less likely to be stigmatized for mental illness.

Question 50

According to the World Health Organization's analysis of the world's health systems, the United States ranked first in

A)the proportion of its gross national product spent on health care.
B)health care performance.
C)patient safety.
D)efficiency in health care.

Question 51

Which of the following is more common among the poor than other socioeconomic groups in the U.S.?

A)lower levels of stress
B)less access to medical care
C)higher levels of physical activity
D)poorer physical health, but better mental health

Question 52

The World Health Organization found that the U.S.ranked ________ in health care performance out of 191 countries.

A)in the top 25
B)somewhere between 25-50
C)in the bottom 10
D)last

Question 53

Individuals with low levels of education are LESS likely than individuals of higher education to

A)eat unhealthy food.
B)drink heavily.
C)work in stressful jobs.
D)seek prenatal care.

Question 54

Which of the following groups has the lowest life expectancy in the U.S.?

A)white men
B)white women
C)black men
D)black women

Question 55

Compared to other wealthy countries, the United States

A)spends less on health care but has better health outcomes.
B)spends less on health care and has worse health outcomes.
C)spends more on health care and has better health outcomes.
D)spends more on health care but has worse health outcomes.

Question 56

Which of these racial/ethnic groups tend to live longer and experience greater health in spite of their relatively lower educational and income levels?​

A)​Hispanic Americans
B)​Asian Americans
C)​Native Americans
D)​African Americans

Question 57

In the United States, men are LESS likely than women to

A)visit a doctor and adhere to medical regimens.
B)be socialized to be independent.
C)abuse alcohol and drugs.
D)engage in risky behaviors.

Question 58

Globally, __________ percent of women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner.

A)3
B)5
C)30
D)80

Question 59

Hispanic Americans experience greater longevity and better health than other high risk minority populations because

A)they have higher levels of education and income.
B)their diets are higher in fats and simple carbohydrates.
C)they are more likely to breast-feed their infants.
D)their cultural values promote close and supportive family and community relationships.

Question 60

Most U.S.insurance companies control costs through _____________, which involves monitoring and controlling the decisions of health care providers.

A)socialized medicine
B)a pure market system
C)managed care
D)palliative care

Question 61

Amelia is sixty-eight years old and has been retired for three years.Which of the following programs is most likely to pay for her health care needs?​

A)​SCHIP
B)​Medicare
C)​Medicaid
D)​CHAMPUS

Question 62

Compared to individuals with health insurance, individuals who lack health insurance are

A)more likely to receive preventive care.
B)more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems.
C)more likely to be diagnosed in the early stages of disease.
D)more likely to be able to see a health care provider of their choice.

Question 63

Comprehensive primary health is most interested in which of the following?

A)poverty and economic inequality
B)the pharmaceutical industry
C)lobbying groups
D)national health care

Question 64

Worker's compensation

A)is available to all employees in the United States.
B)is paid for by deductions from workers' pay.
C)is often not available or goes unused.
D)allows workers who collect it to sue their employers for work-related damages.

Question 65

______ of U.S.adults are classified as obese.

A)Two percent
B)10 percent
C)One-third
D)Two-thirds

Question 66

National health care systems that provide health care to all citizens are called​

A)​affordable care.
B)​health management organizations.
C)​universal health care.
D)​market-based health care.

Question 67

Selective primary health care focuses on

A)developing new drugs.
B)community development.
C)immunizations.
D)reducing gender inequality.

Question 68

Deinstitutionalization in mental health care refers to the process of

A)reducing costly and often neglectful institutional care and providing more humane services in the community.
B)decreasing the numbers of doctors and other health care workers who practice in mental hospitals.
C)adding more private rooms, community dining facilities, and recreational areas in mental health hospitals.
D)providing more job training in mental health facilities that will prepare patients to obtain employment when they leave the health care facility.

Question 69

Before the Affordable Care Act, ________ Americans were the least likely to have health insurance.

A)White
B)Black
C)Hispanic
D)Native

Question 70

In 2012, about _______ percent of the U.S.population lacked health insurance coverage.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)40

Question 71

The state Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)provides health care coverage to uninsured children

A)of illegal immigrants.
B)whose families cannot afford private health insurance but do not qualify for Medicaid.
C)who suffer fatal illnesses.
D)who suffer disabling chronic illnesses, such as muscular dystrophy.

Question 72

Typically, national health insurance includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)the government directly controls the financing and organization of health services
B)the government decides who gets coverage and who does not
C)the government pays providers directly
D)private care is allowed for individuals who are willing to pay

Question 73

Uninsured Americans are most likely to cite a need for ____________ care.​

A)​dental
B)​preventive
C)​obesity counseling
D)​mental health

Question 74

The text described several forms of CAM or complementary and alternative medicine.Which of the following is NOT a type of CAM?​

A)​medical marijuana
B)​yoga
C)​acupuncture
D)​elective surgery

Question 75

All of the following factors have contributed to rising health care costs in the United States EXCEPT

A)the growing percentage of children in the total population.
B)high rates of obesity.
C)increased use of advanced medical technology.
D)high costs of drugs.

Question 76

Conventional, mainstream Western medicine is also known as​

A)​allopathic.
B)​complementary.
C)​palliative.
D)​compensatory.

Question 77

In recent years, approximately _________ percent of U.S.adults with serious mental illness received mental health services.​

A)​5
B)​60
C)​80
D)​99

Question 78

What kind of health care focuses on the broader social determinants of health, such as poverty and economic inequality, gender inequality, or prejudice and discrimination?​

A)​comprehensive
B)​primary
C)​secondary
D)​global

Question 79

Before the passage of the Affordable Care Act, which of the following age groups was most likely to be uninsured?

A)children ages 0 to 5
B)children ages 6 to 17
C)young adults ages 18 to 24
D)adults aged 65 and older

Question 80

Studies of health care costs show that

A)health care administrative costs in the United States are lower than in most other nations.
B)Americans pay less for patented brand-name prescription drugs than any Western nation.
C)health insurance premiums are not rising as fast as the pace of inflation.
D)rising health care costs increase the prices that American consumers pay for goods and services.