Deck 2: Physical and Mental Health and Health Care

Question 1

_____________ countries are also known as the high-income countries.

A)Developed
B)Developing
C)Primary
D)Elite

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The societal health measure showing the greatest disparity between rich and poor countries is

A)infant mortality.
B)under-5 mortality.
C)maternal mortality.
D)life expectancy.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The disparity between rich and poor countries is greatest for​

A)​maternal mortality.
B)​infant mortality.
C)​under 5 mortality.
D)​heart disease.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which causes of death are much more common in the low-income countries than in the high-income countries?

A)Parasitic and infectious diseases
B)Chronic noninfectious diseases
C)Heart disease
D)Diseases caused by physical inactivity

Question 5

Which country has the highest average life expectancy?

A)​United States
B)​Japan
C)​Sierra Leone
D)India

Question 6

​The increasing incidence of non-communicable disease is related to

A)​increased access to technology.
B)​high levels of poverty.
C)​lack of prenatal care.
D)​lack of protein in the diet.

Question 7

The average number of years individuals born in a given year are expected to live is called

A)life expectancy.
B)lifespan.
C)age trajectory.
D)average life total.

Question 8

A major cause of under-5 mortality is

A)premature birth and low birth weight.
B)diarrhea resulting from poor water quality and sanitation.
C)contagious childhood illness, such as measles.
D)hospital-borne bacteria transmitted to the child during birth.

Question 9

Middle-income countries are also called ____________ countries.​

A)​disadvantaged
B)​peripheral
C)​developing
D)​second world

Question 10

High maternal mortality rates in less developed countries result mostly from

A)high levels of intravenous drug use.
B)high rates of HIV/AIDS.
C)lack of access to quality health care, sanitation and nutrition.
D)high levels of obesity.

Question 11

Worldwide, what are the most common causes of death?​

A)​parasitic infections
B)​heart disease, stroke, cancer, and respiratory diseases
C)​hunger
D)​infectious diseases

Question 12

According to the World Health Organization, health involves physical, mental, and __________ well-being.

A)financial
B)spiritual
C)social
D)emotional

Question 13

In developing countries, the leading cause of death of women ages 15 to 49 is

A)complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and unsafe abortion.
B)respiratory and heart diseases.
C)degenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
D)cancer.

Question 14

Which of the following measures is lower in the low-income countries than in the high income-countries?​

A)Infant mortality
B)​Life-expectancy
C)​Maternal mortality
D)​Under-5 mortality

Question 15

The infant-mortality rate refers to the number of deaths of live-born infants under _________ of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)1 year
D)2 years

Question 16

​The lifetime risk of maternal mortality in the United States is 1 in 2,400. This refers to

A)​the number of women who will die from pregnancy or childbirth.
B)​the number of women who will die sometime during their childbearing years.
C)​the rate in the population of individuals whose mothers have died.
D)​the number of women who have had an abortion.

Question 17

Death resulting from pregnancy or childbirth is called

A)​fecundity.
B)​maternal mortality.
C)​infant mortality.
D)​postmortem.

Question 18

The major health threat in developed countries is

A)infectious diseases, such as, HIV/AIDS.
B)parasites from unclean water.
C)noninfectious, nontransmissible diseases, such as, heart disease.
D)malnutrition.

Question 19

Which term refers to death rates?

A)Morbidity
B)Mortality
C)Thanatology
D)Geriatrics

Question 20

Which term refers to the growing economic, political, and social interconnectedness among societies?

A)Postindustrialization
B)Globalization
C)International dependence
D)Secularization

Question 21

Mental illness is considered a "hidden epidemic" because

A)most mentally ill are institutionalized in hospitals or long-term care facilities.
B)the mentally ill are more likely to stay at home and avoid contact with others.
C)the shame associated with mental problems discourages people from dealing with the problem.
D)health care providers tend to misdiagnose mentally ill patients as physically ill.

Question 22

NFL quarterback, Peyton Manning, reportedly traveled to Europe for treatment on his injured neck. This is an example of

A)globesity.
B)secularization.
C)medicalization.
D)medical tourism.

Question 23

The conflict perspective in sociology is likely to be concerned with the

A)norms associated with the "sick role."
B)stigma attached to people who are mentally ill.
C)profit motive of pharmaceutical and health care industries.
D)ways in which medicine can transform lives as well as treat illnesses.

Question 24

Which term refers to the increasing world-wide problem of an overweight population?​

A)​Globesity
B)​WWW (World Wide Weight)
C)​Body mass index rate
D)​Overweight population problem

Question 25

____________ is the most common reason college students seek treatment or receive services for mental health.​

A)​Eating disorder
B)​Anxiety
C)​Schizophrenia
D)​Bipolar disorder

Question 26

Mental illness is associated with a(n)__________, a negative label that blocks a person from social acceptance.

A)medicalization
B)stigma
C)sick role
D)alienation

Question 27

Which theoretical perspective focuses on how wealth, status, power, and the profit motive influence illness and health care?​

A)​Social exchange
B)Structural-functionalist
C)​Conflict
D)Symbolic interactionist

Question 28

The use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This is an example of

A)manifest functions.
B)latent dysfunctions.
C)bad policy.
D)poor individual choices.

Question 29

According to the text, how many Americans will experience some form of mental disorder?

A)5%
B)20%
C)50%
D)92%

Question 30

Medical tourism refers to

A)doctors and other health care professionals traveling around the world to offer their services where needed.
B)traveling for medical care.
C)the increased spread of infectious diseases across international borders.
D)the spread of disease caused by international tourism.

Question 31

_________ refers to health conditions characterized by changes in thinking, mood, and/or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning that meet certain criteria.

A)Mental health
B)Mental condition
C)Mental illness
D)Mental disease

Question 32

Which country has the highest rate of mental illness according to the World Mental Health Survey?​

A)​Japan
B)​Afghanistan
C)​United States
D)​Sweden

Question 33

​Disadvantages associated with medical tourism include

A)​lack of quality control.
B)​increased availability of human organs.
C)​increased income for insurance companies.
D)​increased health care for local populations.

Question 34

The growing interconnections among societies can have positive effects on health, including

A)increasing deinstitutionalization.
B)facilitating the spread of infectious disease.
C)improving communication about prevention.
D)globesity.

Question 35

Which theoretical perspective is most likely to study how failures in the health care system are likely to affect other social institutions?​

A)​Structural-functionalism
B)​Symbolic interactionism
C)Conflict theory
D)Feminist theory

Question 36

As societies develop and provide better living conditions, there is a shift from

A)high life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to low life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions.
B)low life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to high life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions.
C)low maternal and infant mortality and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions to high maternal and infant mortality and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases.
D)high maternal and infant mortality and predominance of deaths due to parasitic and infectious diseases to low maternal and infant mortality and predominance of deaths due to autoimmune diseases, such as AIDS.

Question 37

Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness contribute to its discrediting label or​

A)​anomie.
B)​alienation.
C)​transference.
D)​stigma.

Question 38

Which of the following is a negative effect on health caused by globalization?

A)Medical tourism
B)Deinstitutionalization
C)Increased use of vaccines
D)Increased health screening

Question 39

Which of the theoretical perspectives is most likely to study how changes in society affect health?

A)Structural-functionalism
B)Conflict
C)Feminism
D)Symbolic interactionism

Question 40

Conflict theorists interested in health emphasize

A)the relationships between corporate profit and the health of workers and consumers.
B)the development of the "sick role."
C)the quality of doctor training.
D)the effectiveness of drugs.

Question 41

Which of the following have the highest rate of infant mortality?

A)White, non-Hispanic Americans
B)Black Americans
C)Hispanics
D)Asian Americans

Question 42

A symbolic interactionist is likely to study

A)health care as a market commodity in capitalistic systems.
B)the varying definitions of diseases and conditions across cultures.
C)how illness leads to other social problems in society.
D)how illness keeps people from performing their roles.

Question 43

Juan's health will be influenced by his socioeconomic status, including his occupation, household income, and

A)race.
B)ethnicity.
C)education.
D)geographical location.

Question 44

Which of the following statements best characterizes health care in the United States?

A)There is a single health care system provided by the government.
B)Managed care is outdated and no longer used.
C)Everyone in the U.S. is eligible for Medicare.
D)Health care is provided through a variety of private and public means.

Question 45

Which of the following factors is most likely to explain the link between prejudice and discrimination and health?

A)Stress
B)Parenting style
C)Religion
D)Education

Question 46

Hispanic Americans tend to

A)have higher levels of education and income.
B)have diets higher in fats and simple carbohydrates.
C)be more likely to breast-feed their infants.
D)have cultural values that promote close and supportive family and community relationships.

Question 47

Which of these racial/ethnic groups tend to live longer and experience greater health in spite of their relatively lower educational and income levels?​

A)​Hispanic Americans
B)​Asian Americans
C)​Native Americans
D)​African Americans

Question 48

Which of the following tends to have negative implications for women's health compared with men's health?

A)Sexual violence
B)Gender equality
C)Greater tendency to take risks
D)Participation in sports

Question 49

The concept of medicalization includes

A)defining normal biological events, such as childbirth or menopause, as medical problems.
B)financial contributions of private health care providers and insurers to political campaigns.
C)increasing use of "natural" and "alternative" medicines to treat life-threatening illnesses.
D)emphasis on health care treatment rather than prevention of illness and disability.

Question 50

Which of the following factors contributes to poorer health among racial and ethnic minorities compared to whites in the U.S.?

A)They have higher socieconomic levels.
B)They have greater access to preventive care.
C)They experience less exposure to environmental hazards.
D)There are lifestyle differences lifestyle differences.

Question 51

Research on the relationship between education and health shows that, on average, compared with individuals with higher levels of education, individuals with lower levels of education

A)have less knowledge regarding health risks.
B)care less about their health.
C)focus more on mental health than physical health.
D)focus more on preventive care than treatment for illnesses.

Question 52

Individuals with mental illness, drug addiction, or missing teeth are likely to be stigmatized.  Which theorists are most likely to study this stigma?

A)​Social exchange theorists
B)​Conflict theorists
C)​Symbolic interactionists
D)​Structural-functionalists

Question 53

Which of the following is more common among the poor than other socioeconomic groups in the U.S.?

A)Lower levels of stress
B)Less access to medical care
C)Higher levels of physical activity
D)Poorer physical health, but better mental health

Question 54

Which of the following groups has the lowest life expectancy in the U.S.?

A)White men
B)White women
C)Black men
D)Black women

Question 55

Which of the following helps explain the longer life expectancy for women?

A)Men are more likely to exaggerate their health problems.
B)Men are more likely to take risks.
C)Women are less likely to seek health care.
D)Men are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.

Question 56

Individuals with low levels of education are LESS likely than individuals of higher education to

A)eat unhealthy food.
B)drink heavily.
C)work in stressful jobs.
D)seek prenatal care.

Question 57

Which concept refers to a person's position in society based on that person's level of educational attainment, occupation, and household income?

A)Economic development
B)Socioeconomic status
C)Ethnicity
D)Economic relevance

Question 58

In the United States, men are LESS likely than women to

A)visit a doctor and adhere to medical regimens.
B)be socialized to be independent.
C)abuse alcohol and drugs.
D)engage in risky behaviors.

Question 59

What is an example of how health affects socioeconomic status?

A)The higher social classes are more likely to be diagnosed and treated for mental illness.
B)Physical and mental health problems limit the opportunity to pursue education and vocational training and/or employment
C)Lower-class individuals experience greater adversity and stress as a result of their deprived and difficult living conditions.
D)Individuals in higher social classes are less likely to be stigmatized for mental illness.

Question 60

Which theoretical perspective focuses on the medicalization of society?​

A)​Symbolic interaction
B)Structural-functional
C)​Social exchange
D)​Conflict

Question 61

What portion of debt collected by debt collection agencies is for medical debt?

A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)One-third
D)One-half

Question 62

Uninsured Americans are most likely to cite a need for ____________ care.​

A)​dental
B)​preventive
C)​obesity counseling
D)​mental health

Question 63

Americans are most likely to use ____________ for their mental health needs.

A)​primary care and general doctors
B)​trained psychiatrists
C)mental health clinics
D)​government sponsored programs

Question 64

Managed health care

A)is a government agency designed to monitor the quality of hospital care.
B)is a private agency designed to monitor and control the quality of physician care.
C)provides in-home health care to fatally ill patients.
D)controls costs by monitoring and controlling the decisions of health care providers.

Question 65

Studies of health care costs show that

A)health care administrative costs in the United States are lower than in most other nations.
B)Americans pay less for patented brand-name prescription drugs than any Western nation.
C)health insurance premiums are not rising as fast as the pace of inflation.
D)the pharmaceutical industry tends to overestimate their research and development costs.

Question 66

Which of the following factors have contributed to rising health care costs in the United States?

A)The growing percentage of children in the total population
B)High rates of undernutrition
C)Increased use of advanced medical technology
D)Government regulation of drug prices

Question 67

Compared to individuals with health insurance, individuals who lack health insurance are

A)more likely to receive preventive care.
B)more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems.
C)more likely to be diagnosed in the early stages of disease.
D)more likely to be able to see a health care provider of their choice.

Question 68

Amelia is sixty-eight years old and has been retired for three years. Which of the following programs is most likely to pay for her health care needs?​

A)​SCHIP
B)​Medicare
C)​Medicaid
D)​CHAMPUS

Question 69

Lack of access to mental health care is caused, in part, by

A)the requirement that it be given in an institutional setting.
B)unavailable services on evenings and weekends.
C)the requirement that psychiatric medicines be prescribed by psychiatrists.
D)the scarcity of effective medications.

Question 70

Which of the following government funded programs is intended to provide health coverage for poor Americans, regardless of age?

A)Medicaid
B)Medicare
C)Managed care
D)SCHIP

Question 71

Medicaid is funded

A)solely by the federal government.
B)solely by the state government.
C)jointly by federal and state governments.
D)by private insurance corporations.

Question 72

Conventional, mainstream Western medicine is also known as​

A)​allopathic.
B)​complementary.
C)​palliative.
D)​compensatory.

Question 73

Which Americans are least likely to have health insurance?

A)White
B)Black
C)Hispanic
D)Native

Question 74

Deinstitutionalization in mental health care refers to the process of

A)reducing institutional care and providing more services in the community.
B)decreasing the numbers of doctors and other health care workers who practice in mental hospitals.
C)adding more private rooms, community dining facilities, and recreational areas in mental health hospitals.
D)providing more job training in mental health facilities that will prepare patients to obtain employment when they leave the health care facility.

Question 75

Many countries provide ____________ health care for all citizens.

A)Medicare
B)universal health care
C)managed care
D)health maintenance plans

Question 76

Most U.S. insurance companies control costs through _____________, which involves monitoring and controlling the decisions of health care providers.

A)socialized medicine
B)a pure market system
C)managed care
D)palliative care

Question 77

In 2013, about _______ percent of the U.S. population lacked health insurance coverage.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)40

Question 78

Efforts to improve health in low- and middle-income countries include

A)​improving access to adequate nutrition.
B)​developing a market based health care delivery.
C)​promoting the use of birth control pills instead of condoms.
D)​distributing mosquito nets to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.

Question 79

Medicare

A)reimburses the elderly and disabled for some health care costs.
B)provides free health care for the poor.
C)provides free immunizations and preventive care for poor children.
D)is a neighborhood emergency health care facility.

Question 80

The text described several forms of CAM or complementary and alternative medicine. Which of the following is  a type of CAM?​

A)​Medical marijuana
B)​SCHIP
C)​Medicaid
D)Elective surgery