Deck 12: Population Growth and Aging

Question 1

The ___________ is the average lifetime number of births per woman in a population.

A)total fertility rate
B)crude birth rate
C)refined birth rate
D)average maternal rate

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to the ______________ population growth patterns are associated with industrialization.

A)conflict theorists
B)demographic transition theory
C)symbolic interactionists
D)population momentum theory

Answer 2

B

Question 3

By the end of this century, global life expectancy is expected to be about

A)65.
B)75.
C)82.
D)100.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ratio of working-age adults to adults aged 65 and older in a population is called the​

A)elderly support ratio.​
B)​sandwich generation.
C)​age specific ratio.
D)​demographic transition.

Question 5

Higher population growth in developing countries is largely due to

A)immigration from other countries.
B)a larger population base.
C)a larger population base of young women.
D)higher fertility rates.

Question 6

The largest country in population in the world today is

A)the United States.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Indonesia.

Question 7

The aging of the world's population is due in part to

A)increased longevity.
B)less deadly warfare.
C)new religious beliefs.
D)longstanding policies encouraging childbirth.

Question 8

Which statement best characterizes the world's aging population trends?

A)The next 50 years will see a large increase in older people throughout the world.
B)The world's population will not age as quickly as the U.S. population will.
C)Although the world's population is old now, the aging of the world's population will end soon.
D)The share of the world's population that is older will decrease in the coming years.

Question 9

In which part of the world is the ratio of working age adults to older adults the lowest?

A)Africa
B)Asia
C)Latin America
D)More developed regions

Question 10

For most of human history population growth was restricted by

A)violence.
B)disease and limited food supply.
C)climate and natural disasters.
D)low fertility rates.

Question 11

If every country in the world achieved replacement-level fertility rates, population growth would

A)decrease.
B)stabilize immediately.
C)continue to grow for about 2 or 3 years.
D)continue to grow for several decades.

Question 12

Which perspective emphasizes the social changes in the workforce and federal programs as a result of the growing elderly population?

A)Conflict
B)Strutctural-functionalist
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Feminist

Question 13

The percentage of older people in the world population is expected to _________ between the years 2013 to 2050.

A)decrease
B)increase slightly
C)nearly double
D)remain the same

Question 14

____________ are the generation of Americans born between 1946 and 1964.

A)The Greatest Generation
B)Baby Boomers
C)The elderly
D)Generation X

Question 15

In 2013, the world population was

A)2.6 billion.
B)4.0 billion.
C)7.2 billion.
D)9.1 billion

Question 16

_________ is calculated as the number of working-age people divided by the number of people 65 or older.

A)Social security
B)Baby boomers
C)The elderly support ratio
D)Retirement age

Question 17

What is the main problem with an aging population?

A)The elderly control politics because of their large numbers.
B)The elderly refuse to leave jobs resulting in fewer openings for young people.
C)The large numbers of elderly engender resentment among the young.
D)As the proportion of older people increases in a population, fewer working-age adults support the elderly population.

Question 18

What is the total fertility rate?​

A)​The number of children born per 1,000 population
B)The number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-55
C)The average number of births a woman will have over the course of her life
D)​Births minus deaths in a country during a given year

Question 19

Population momentum refers to population growth as a result of

A)high immigration.
B)current high fertility rates.
C)large numbers of young women who are entering their childbearing years.
D)large numbers of males in the population.

Question 20

The replacement level fertility rate is

A)1.0.
B)1.8.
C)2.0.
D)2.1.

Question 21

Conflict theorists argue that _____contributes to population growth in many less developed countries.

A)female subordination
B)food and water supply
C)bribery
D)environmental destruction

Question 22

According to Malthusian theory,

A)improved agricultural technology would eliminate food shortages which, in turn, would accelerate population growth.
B)food shortages and consequent population decline among the masses would occur because the rich would take the food surplus from the poor.
C)food shortages due to population growth would lead to war, disease, and starvation and ultimately a slower population growth.
D)modern medicine would decrease the mortality rate and increase the fertility rate, thus creating massive overpopulation.

Question 23

The link between Social Security programs and lowered fertility rates is what functionalists understand as a/an

A)manifest function.
B)unintended consequence.
C)social problem.
D)technological fix.

Question 24

According to demographic transition theory, fertility rates decline in industrialized societies due to

A)the increased economic value of children.
B)the increased survival rates of infants and children.
C)parasites and infectious disease due to unsafe water supplies.
D)increased infertility of females due to pollution.

Question 25

Conflict theorists argue that food shortages result from which of the following?

A)Overpopulation
B)War
C)Lack of public investment in agricultural research
D)Inequitable distribution of power and resources

Question 26

According to demographic transition theory, industrialization led to a decline in mortality because of

A)improved sanitation.
B)availability of birth control.
C)decreased pollution.
D)improvements in transportation.

Question 27

Which of the following has historically promoted pronatal values in a society?

A)Religion
B)Government
C)Capitalism
D)Urbanization

Question 28

Environmental footprints are determined most significantly by

A)the number of children that person has.
B)the population growth rate in that person's country.
C)patterns of production and consumption in a person's culture.
D)patterns of violence in that person's society.

Question 29

Which age group has the highest rate of voting?

A)18-24
B)30-40
C)45-55
D)65-75

Question 30

__________ is reflected in fertility worship and religious prohibitions of birth control.​

A)​Ageism
B)​Pronatalism
C)​Child deprivation
D)​Birthism

Question 31

The second demographic transition has been linked in part to which of the following factors?

A)Subordination of women in less developed countries
B)Lack of access to effective contraception
C)The rise of individualism and materialism
D)Proportionately higher elderly populations in developed countries

Question 32

_______ is the world's most serious environmental problem, a ccording to a survey of faculty at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry,

A)Overpopulation
B)Climate change
C)Shortage of fossil fuels
D)Acid rain

Question 33

Pronatalism is a cultural value that promotes which of the following?

A)Cleanliness
B)Having children
C)Growing old
D)Good health

Question 34

Which perspective views the elderly as a special interest group that competes with younger people for scarce resources?

A)Conflict
B)Functionalist
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Feminist

Question 35

The demographic transition theory describes how _____________ has affected population growth.

A)changing ecological balance
B)climate change
C)HIV/AIDS
D)industrialization

Question 36

Van's individual effect on the quality of the earth's environment is his​

A)​global contribution.
B)​environmental footprint.
C)​pollution contribution.
D)​environmental impact statement.

Question 37

An environmental footprint refers to the

A)effect of a polluting factory on the environment.
B)degree of resource depletion per year in the world.
C)how much each individual affects the environment.
D)degradation of the ecosystem in a 100 year period.

Question 38

The second demographic transition refers to

A)increase in fertility levels due to increased food supplies and improved sanitation.
B)decrease in population growth due to higher mortality levels, such as from AIDS/HIV.
C)increase in population growth due to immigration from undeveloped to developed countries.
D)fall of fertility levels to below the two-child replacement level.

Question 39

Which perspective emphasizes the importance of social meanings and definitions of aging?

A)Conflict
B)Functionalist
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Feminist

Question 40

Symbolic interactionists highlight the idea that

A)quality of life among the elderly can be objectified.
B)negative labels such as "geezer" reflect ageism.
C)definitions of old age are consistent throughout the decades.
D)older people today have little political power.

Question 41

Which relates to increased risk of death for a mother and baby?

A)Childbearing at young ages
B)Having fewer children
C)Obtaining early prenatal care
D)Increased child spacing

Question 42

The _____________ generation includes adults who are caring for aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren.​

A)​sandwich
B)​club sandwich
C)​double jeopardy
D)​age squeezed

Question 43

Which of the following is among the various methods used by governments to encourage elderly parental support?

A)Tax increases for adult children caregivers
B)The invalidation of Family Support Agreements
C)Tax credits for adult children caregivers
D)Shaming for failure to provide care

Question 44

Evidence that modern societies downplay the value of their elders can be seen in which of the following?

A)Many people will continue to work after retirement because they want to.
B)Older people make up one of the most powerful political demographics.
C)Elderly people are often respected for their knowledge and experience.
D)Millions of Americans buy treatments or products to make them look younger than they are.

Question 45

In China, adult children and older adults sign a(n)______________ that specifies how the children will provide parental care.​

A)​family support agreement
B)​non-binding contract
C)​elder care option
D)​living will

Question 46

How many U.S. households will not have enough retirement income to maintain their standard of living at the same level it was before retirement?

A)None, due to the support from Social Security
B)Only a few
C)About half
D)Close to all

Question 47

Youth bulges in poor countries are associated with

A)political unrest and violence.
B)educational reform.
C)industrial development.
D)growing consumer markets.

Question 48

Many developing countries today are characterized by a "youth bulge," which means more

A)children ages 0-5 relative to children between 6 and 17.
B)6- to 12-year olds relative to younger and older children.
C)children ages 0-17 relative to the adult population.
D)15- to 29-year-olds relative to the remaining adult population.

Question 49

Negative stereotypes about the elderly (e.g., slow, grumpy, poor drivers, etc.)result from

A)youth culture.
B)functionalism.
C)youth bulge.
D)ageism.

Question 50

Which of the following is a form of ageism?

A)Believing old people as a group are slow and grumpy
B)Speaking too softly to elderly people
C)Paying women less than men
D)Including older individuals from advertising and educational materials

Question 51

The leading cause of mortality for reproductive-age women in the developing world is

A)parasites.
B)infectious disease.
C)from pregnancy and childbirth.
D)domestic abuse.

Question 52

______ refers to the generation of people who care for their aging parents while also taking care of their children

A)Ageism
B)Baby boomers
C)The greatest generation
D)The sandwich generation

Question 53

Youth bulges are the result of high fertility rates as well as

A)high elderly mortality.
B)declining rates of infant mortality.
C)lower life expectancies.
D)high adult mortality from HIV/AIDS or war.

Question 54

________ is based on a person's perceived chronological age and refers to negative stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination.

A)Old Person Syndrome
B)Youth Culture
C)Ageism
D)Baby Boomers

Question 55

Young job seekers are _____ more likely to be offered a job interview compared with older job seekers with similar resumes.

A)more likely
B)less likely
C)equally likely
D)less likely, depending on the attitude they present,

Question 56

The environmental footprint of an average person in a high-income country is ______ than that of someone in a low-income country.

A)much smaller
B)slightly smaller
C)slightly larger
D)much larger

Question 57

________ occurs when older adults are not included in advertising and educational materials.

A)Elder abuse
B)Ageism by invisibility
C)The youth bulge
D)The sandwich generation

Question 58

A 401k plan is different from a pension in that​

A)​pensions provide a guaranteed income.
B)​401k plans do not require the employee to contribute to the plan.
C)​401k plans are outdated and no longer exist.
D)​pension plans come only from private employers.

Question 59

Tara believes elderly people are too slow, can't drive, and shouldn't be working. This example ilustrates

A)ageism.
B)racism.
C)age harassment.
D)elderphobia.

Question 60

John was laid off from his job because management felt that at his age (64)he was too expensive. John was a victim of​

A)​age discrimination.
B)​pronatalism.
C)​elderism.
D)​reverse discrimination.

Question 61

According to the text, the greatest need in developing countries in regard to family planning is

A)access.
B)education.
C)keeping men out of the decisions.
D)providing women with an incentive.

Question 62

In what way have Social Security benefits changed?

A)​The age at which one can receive full benefits increased.
B)The age at which one can first receive benefits decreased.
C)Funding was outsourced to private companies.
D)Administration was outsourced to private companies.

Question 63

________ is a federal program providing income in the event of retirement, disability or death.

A)Food Stamps
B)Social Security
C)Medicaid
D)TANF

Question 64

Economic development can slow population growth because

A)it reduces infant and child mortality.
B)it increases education of men.
C)it increases the economic value of children.
D)it provides media exposure to values that promote pronatalism.

Question 65

The two types of retirement plans are

A)traditional pensions with "defined benefits" and "defined contribution" plans.
B)Social security and pension.
C)savings accounts and IRAs.
D)Medicaid and Medicare.

Question 66

_________ stress the funding of the Social Security system.​

A)​Global pronatal policies
B)​Aging baby boomers
C)​Undocumented workers
D)​Health care reforms

Question 67

Which piece of legislation makes it illegal to discriminate against people because of their age with respect to hiring, firing, promotion and layoffs among other things?

A)Social Security Act
B)Age Discrimination in Employment Act
C)Non-Discrimination Act
D)Civil Rights Act

Question 68

Which is a strategy suggested by your text to help curb population growth?

A)Improving the status of women
B)Limiting access to family planning
C)Increasing participation in religion
D)Government policies that support pronatalism

Question 69

Countries with below-replacement fertility levels

A)often have policies to reduce fertility levels.
B)often have policies to keep fertility levels stable.
C)often have policies to increase fertility levels.
D)typically do not have any policies related to fertility.

Question 70

What is the main source of funding for Social Security?

A)Private donations
B)Payments by workers
C)Investments in foreign companies
D)Fees paid by insurance companies

Question 71

In developing countries the primary status of women is that of

A)wife and mother.
B)farmhand.
C)factory worker.
D)daughter.

Question 72

The amount of Social Security benefits a person receives is based on

A)how much money they need.
B)a predefined formula guaranteeing equality.
C)how much money is available.
D)how much money that person earned during his/her working history.

Question 73

Retirees can claim Social Security benefits beginning at age​

A)​45.
B)​55.
C)​60.
D)​62.

Question 74

How will the recognition of same-sex marriage affect Social Security?​

A)​It will expand resources because more people will be paying into the fund.
B)​It will have no effect.
C)​It will result in a small increase in the number of recipients.
D)​It will likely bankrupt the system.

Question 75

China's one-child policy

A)has been ineffective in reducing population growth.
B)has created an imbalanced sex ratio of more females than males.
C)imposes a monetary fine on couples that have more than one child.
D)decreased the country's economic productivity.

Question 76

Childfree couples

A)are usually less educated.
B)are usually more religious.
C)tend to live in rural areas.
D)often do not adhere to traditional gender ideology.

Question 77

A close analysis reveals that

A)Social Security is not "broke," but long-term changes are needed.
B)Social Security is "broke" and cannot be fixed.
C)Social Security will be insolvent by the end of the decade.
D)Social Security benefits will dwindle to a bare minimum in the next 10-20 years.

Question 78

Which of the following statements best describes Americans' use of Social Security?

A)While many people receive Social Security benefits, very few Americans actually rely on them to meet basic needs.
B)Social Security, although not intended to be the sole source of funds during retirement, provides more than half of retirement income for many Americans.
C)Social Security provides enough money so that most Americans do not have to worry about saving for retirement.
D)Social Security only pays out funds to retired Americans.

Question 79

Which of the following is a way in which countries have tried to increase their population growth?

A)Paying a bonus to families that have babies
B)Offering a monetary reward to women who have only one child
C)Creating policies to require employment of mothers
D)Increasing access to birth control

Question 80

Improving educational and occupational opportunities for women reduces population growth because

A)educated women are more likely to marry earlier than less-educated women.
B)educated women are less likely to use contraception.
C)greater education is related to more traditional roles in the family.
D)educated women are more likely to want fewer children.