Deck 9: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration

Question 1

The intentional killing of Native Americans by Europeans that began when Europeans invaded the Americas in the 16^th century is an example of

A)expulsion.
B)genocide.
C)pluralism.
D)amalgamation.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A state law requiring students to use English in school rather than their first language is an example of

A)segregation.
B)pluralism.
C)acculturation.
D)amalgamation.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Many immigrants to the United States changed the spelling and pronunciation of their names to seem more American. This is an example of

A)pluralism.
B)acculturation.
C)amalgamation.
D)miscegenation.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Race is

A)not real and thus has no meaning.
B)socially created.
C)determined by objective, reliable, and meaningful physical criteria.
D)based on scientifically valid reasons for selecting certain biological traits over others.

Question 5

Between 1890 and 1910, a series of U.S. laws were enacted to separate blacks from whites. These were the​

A)​Jim Crow laws.
B)​Separate but Equal laws.
C)​apartheid regulations.
D)​melting pot restrictions.

Question 6

________  segregation ​is enacted into law.

A)De facto
B)​ De jure
C)Pluralistic
D)Minority

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about race?

A)There are clear guidelines for separating one race from another.
B)The most variation among people is within-group variation.
C)The major racial categories are the same throughout the world.
D)Genetically pure races, although rare, do exist.

Question 8

The concept of ____ refers to a category of people who are believed to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant.

A)race
B)ethnicity
C)species
D)social class

Question 9

In Switzerland, four ethnic groups-French, Italians, Germans, and Swiss Germans-maintain their distinct cultural heritage and group identity in an atmosphere of mutual respect and social equality. This is an example of

A)pluralism.
B)assimilation.
C)colonialism.
D)acculturation.

Question 10

Geneticists have discovered that

A)the genes of any two unrelated persons are 99.9 percent alike.
B)genetic variation between racial groups is greater than genetic variation within racial groups.
C)there are three "pure" races left on the planet Earth.
D)in Asia and Africa, skin color distinctions are abrupt, not graded as in the United States.

Question 11

The 1830 Indian Removal Act called for the relocation of eastern tribes to land west of the Mississippi River. The forced relocation that resulted is an example of

A)expulsion.
B)colonialism.
C)pluralism.
D)amalgamation.

Question 12

In many sociology departments, African American, Latino, Asian and white faculty and graduate students work together. This integration illustrates

A)acculturation.
B)amalgamation.
C)primary assimilation.
D)secondary assimilation.

Question 13

___________ is the process by which distinct groups merge and become integrated as one.

A)Pluralism
B)Colonialism
C)Segregation
D)Assimilation

Question 14

Segregation in the United States was enforced by

A)the Removal Act.
B)the Jim Crow laws.
C)the Acculturation Arrangement.
D)the Loving v. Virginia Supreme Court decision.

Question 15

What term refers to the deliberate, systematic annihilation of an entire nation or people?

A)assimilation
B)colonialism
C)genocide
D)amalgamation

Question 16

The increasing rate of interracial marriages reflects​

A)​acculturation.
B)​primary assimilation.
C)​secondary assimilation.
D)​ de facto segregation.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation?

A)Jim Crow laws that prohibited blacks from using white buses, hotels, restaurants, etc.
B)Today's racially segregated neighborhoods in the United States
C)Segregated schools before the 1950s
D)Forcing Japanese into "evacuation camps" on the U.S. west coast during World War II

Question 18

Which of the following is primary assimilation?

A)Racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinctiveness but respect each other and have equal access to social resources.
B)Members of different groups coexist as friends, family, and spouses.
C)Groups become integrated in public areas and in social institutions, such as neighborhoods, schools, and the workplace.
D)A person adopts the culture of a group different from the one in which the person was originally raised.

Question 19

In sociological terminology, a minority group is a category of people who

A)have less social status in society, because they are smaller in number.
B)are the victims of prejudice and discrimination and lack equal access to the resources of society.
C)comprise the small elite at the top of society who have most of the power, prestige, and wealth.
D)are opposed to the values of the larger society and are viewed by the majority of people in society as a threat.

Question 20

Ethnicity is based on

A)shared cultural origin.
B)physical characteristics, such as skin color and eye shape.
C)religious affiliation.
D)national citizenship.

Question 21

Guest workers in the United States

A)are often exploited, cheated out of pay, and are unable to obtain medical care.
B)must be paid minimum wage or higher.
C)must be paid overtime if they work over 40 hours per week.
D)are guaranteed medical treatment and worker's compensation if they are injured on the job.

Question 22

Antimiscegenation laws prohibited

A)interracial marriage.
B)mandatory segregation in schools.
C)genocide.
D)slavery.

Question 23

The largest segment of the U.S. population consists of

A)Hispanics.
B)non-Hispanic whites.
C)multiracial individuals.
D)blacks.

Question 24

In 1960, the U.S. Census recognized which of the following racial categories?

A)Black and white
B)White, black, and Hispanic
C)Native American and non-Native American
D)White and non-white

Question 25

The first U.S. census in 1790 divided the population into which four groups?

A)White men, white women, white children, blacks
B)Indians, white Christians, white non-Christians, blacks
C)Free white males, free white females, slaves, other persons
D)Criminals, immigrants, U.S. born citizens, and slaves

Question 26

Which of the following abolished the national origins quota system?

A)Brown v. Board of Education
B)Plessy v. Ferguson
C)Immigration Act of 1970
D)Hart-Celler Act

Question 27

The largest ethnic category in the U.S. is

A)Hispanic.
B)German.
C)Italian.
D)Irish.

Question 28

The percentage of U.S. adults who disapproved of marriage between blacks and whites _________ between 1958 and 2013.

A)increased slightly
B)stayed the same
C)decreased significantly
D)decreased in the north but not in the south

Question 29

Most Hispanics or Latinos in the United States are of ______ origin.

A)Cuban
B)Puerto Rican
C)Mexican
D)South American

Question 30

The fastest growing racial category in the U.S. is

A)white non-Hispanic.
B)Arab American.
C)Hispanic.
D)mixed-race.

Question 31

Which of the following is a subcategory of Hispanic?

A)Kurd
B)Indonesian
C)Puerto Rican
D)Hmong

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes the way our census has dealt with race in the past two centuries?

A)Racial classifications have remained largely unchanged since the original census.
B)Whereas the original census had a number of racial categories, the most recent census has only two.
C)Race has never been a part of the U.S. census.
D)Both the number and type of races available on the census has fluctuated throughout the years.

Question 33

Which of these is an example of a "pull" factor?

A)The availability of well-paying jobs
B)Religious discrimination
C)Ethnic conflict
D)Political unrest

Question 34

The purpose of the "one drop of blood" rule was to

A)discourage intermarriage.
B)enlarge the slave population.
C)grant Native Americans protection under U.S. law.
D)discriminate against Irish, Italians and Jews.

Question 35

According to the U.S. Census, Hispanic is

A)a racial category.
B)an ethnic category.
C)a nonexistent category.
D)a mixed race designation.

Question 36

America's open door policy on immigration, which allowed all immigrants to enter and become U.S. citizens, ended with

A)the Chinese Exclusion Act, which suspended for 10 years entrance of the Chinese to the U.S.
B)an immigration act which required all immigrants to pass a literacy test before entering the United States.
C)the Johnson Act which introduced a limit on the number of immigrants who could enter the U.S. in a single year.
D)an immigration act that excluded the Japanese from immigration.

Question 37

The guest worker programs, H-2A and H-2B, allow employers to import workers for

A)professional or managerial jobs.
B)skilled manufacturing jobs.
C)technical jobs that require specialized technical education, such as computer specialists.
D)temporary or seasonal work lasting less than one year.

Question 38

The "one drop of blood" rule specified that even one drop of

A)white blood defined a person as white.
B)Indian blood defined a person as Indian.
C)"Negroid" blood defined a person as black.
D)Mexican blood defined a person as Hispanic.

Question 39

The 1967 Supreme Court decision _____________ declared antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional.

A)Roe v. Wade
B)Black v. the United States
C)Loving v. Virginia
D)Brown v. Georgia

Question 40

Who is most likely to have a favorable attitude toward racial intermarriage?

A)Political and social conservatives
B)Southerners
C)Older individuals
D)Minorities

Question 41

The act that would provide a pathway to legal status for the children of undocumented immigrants  is the _________ Act.

A)Undocumented Children
B)DREAM
C)Service to America
D)Welfare

Question 42

The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act

A)made immigration of people with HIV/AIDS illegal.
B)made hiring unauthorized immigrants an illegal act.
C)decreased the number of immigrants who could enter the United States legally.
D)made it more difficult for immigrants to become naturalized citizens.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about immigrants in the United States?​

A)​Immigrants do not want to learn English.
B)​Immigrants increase unemployment and lower wages among native workers.
C)​Immigrants are less likely than natives to commit crimes.
D)​Immigrants in the U.S. have children as a means to gain legal status.

Question 44

In 2010, __________ passed the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, one of the toughest illegal immigration laws in the country.

A)Texas
B)Kentucky
C)Arizona
D)California

Question 45

Which of the following best illustrates the "racial threat" hypothesis?

A)Passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act after Chinese workers displaced whites in mining and railroad jobs
B)Black support for constitutional propositions that increased state affirmative action initiatives
C)Greater opposition among whites to affirmative action proposals in areas with few race or ethnic minorities
D)Whites were more likely to blame blacks for black social disadvantages after passage of the 1960s civil rights acts

Question 46

To become a U.S. citizen, most immigrants must

A)have resided continuously as a lawful permanent U.S. resident for at least 10 years.
B)be able to read, write, speak, and understand basic English.
C)never have been arrested.
D)pay a fee of $3000.

Question 47

Some oppose the "Secure Fence" between the U.S. and Mexico because

A)it was not built high enough.
B)it gives an advantage to Mexicans over other immigrants.
C)it harms wildlife.
D)it keeps out many needed workers.

Question 48

___________ groups advocate restrictive immigration policy and encourage vigilante tactics.

A)"Secure Fence"
B)Pro-nationalism
C)English Only
D)Nativist extremist groups

Question 49

Which of the following is one of the myths about immigration described in your textbook?​

A)​Immigrants want to learn English.
B)​Immigrants strain the public welfare and school systems.
C)​Immigration has a positive impact on the wages of native-born workers.
D)​Immigrants have low rates of criminal behavior.

Question 50

A coyote is

A)someone hired to lead unauthorized immigrants across the border into the U.S.
B)a member of the U.S. Border Patrol who is charged with apprehending people crossing illegally into the U.S.
C)a member of the FBI who is charged with apprehending illegal immigrants residing in the U.S.
D)an American citizen engaged in a vigilante effort to patrol the U.S. border and prevent immigrants from crossing into the U.S.

Question 51

Undocumented immigrants in the U.S. are most likely to have come from

A)Asia.
B)Mexico.
C)other Latin American countries.
D)Canada or Europe.

Question 52

According to the conflict perspective, the "haves" (the wealthy and powerful elite)

A)are less prejudiced and are less likely to practice discrimination, because they do not perceive minorities as a threat.
B)deflect attention away from their own greed and exploitation of workers by perpetuating racial and ethnic tensions.
C)are more likely than the middle classes to foster minority privileges, because minorities offer an untapped knowledgeable resource.
D)believe more strongly than lower social classes that minorities are biologically inferior and less capable of contributing to society.

Question 53

Immigrants who apply for and meet the requirements for U.S. citizenship are called​

A)​second generation immigrants.
B)​naturalized citizens.
C)​de facto citizens.
D)​acculturated.

Question 54

Immigrants are ________ to commit crime

A)less likely than natives
B)more likely than natives
C)as likely as natives
D)the most likely group

Question 55

The guest worker program in the U.S. has been described as a "modern-day system of ___."

A)backdoor immigration
B)legal welfare fraud
C)indentured servitude
D)free passes into the United States

Question 56

Ted is a self-appointed monitor of the border between Mexico and the United States. He says he wants to keep out the "illegals." Ted can be described as a(an)

A)undocumented worker.
B)coyote.
C)nativist.
D)guest worker.

Question 57

Conflict theorists argue that racism increases capitalist profits by

A)providing a ready supply of available workers.
B)discouraging immigration.
C)providing a market for lower-priced goods.
D)increasing domestic service jobs.

Question 58

The __________ system is a free online service that allows employers to check the legal status of their employees.

A)ID Service
B)E-Verify
C)Document Check
D)COYOTE

Question 59

The DREAM Act introduced in Congress in 2009 would provide a path to legal status for undocumented immigrants who

A)have been in the U.S. for 10 years or longer.
B)have worked and paid taxes in the U.S. for 5 years or longer.
C)came to the U.S. as political refugees.
D)were brought to the U.S. as children.

Question 60

A latent dysfunction of the 1960s civil rights legislation was

A)the economic conditions of blacks did not improve.
B)perpetuation of stereotypes of blacks as lacking motivation and ability.
C)as a whole, blacks began to surpass whites in economic status.
D)both whites and blacks suffered greater job loss and financial insecurity.

Question 61

Suppose a Mexican-American family wants to rent an apartment in a predominantly white neighborhood. If the landlord is prejudiced against Latinos and does not allow the family to rent the apartment, that landlord has engaged in ___________ discrimination.

A)institutional
B)overt
C)de jure
D)adaptive

Question 62

The use of racial slurs in the presence of children illustrates

A)aversive racism.
B)socialization.
C)the self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)a latent function of racism.

Question 63

Home ownership rates of minorities have _________ since the early 1990s.

A)increased substantially
B)remained steady
C)fluctuated wildly
D)decreased

Question 64

The belief that race causes differences in human character and ability and that a particular race is superior to others is called

A)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)discrimination.
C)racism.
D)aversive prejudice.

Question 65

Which kind of racism is based on the belief that paying attention to race is, itself, racism?

A)Traditional racism
B)Modern racism
C)Aversive racism
D)Color-blind racism

Question 66

The practice of "redlining" contributed to which of the following?

A)Hate crimes
B)Low minority voting participation
C)Employment discrimination
D)Housing segregation

Question 67

Which theoretical perspective would be most interested in the importance of the words we use to refer to other groups of people?​

A)Conflict
B)Structural functionalism
C)​Symbolic interactionism
D)Postmodernism

Question 68

According to the frustration-aggression theory of prejudice,

A)minority group members serve as convenient scapegoats for aggression.
B)some minorities who experience prejudice vent their frustrations in self-destructive behavior.
C)minorities are believed to be more easily frustrated and violently aggressive.
D)aggressive discriminatory behaviors are learned by watching prejudicial stereotypes in the media.

Question 69

Stereotypes _________________.

A)have very little impact on daily life
B)that appear to be positive can have negative effects
C)have largely disappeared
D)only affect racial minorities

Question 70

The paired-testing study of housing discrimination reported in your text found

A)whites were given more opportunities to rent available units.
B)Hispanics were about as likely as whites to be shown homes for sale in predominantly non-Hispanic white neighborhoods.
C)blacks received more information and assistance with financing a home.
D)non-Hispanic whites were quoted higher interest rates by loan officers.

Question 71

__________ refers to negative attitudes and feelings toward or about an entire category of people.​

A)​Prejudice
B)​Discrimination
C)​Segregation
D)​Racism

Question 72

The process by which a race or ethnic minority group is prevented from achieving because of negative stereotypes that define them as inferior illustrates

A)a latent function.
B)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)redlining.
D)the racial threat hypothesis.

Question 73

Funding of schools by local property taxes is a form of

A)Affirmative Action that helps minorities.
B)institutional discrimination against minorities.
C)aversive racism.
D)reverse discrimination against whites.

Question 74

Because the War on Drugs has been waged in poorer neighborhoods it has resulted in more arrests of people of color even though they are no more likely to see or use drugs than whites. This illustrates ____________ discrimination.

A)traditional
B)overt
C)adaptive
D)institutional

Question 75

Pro-white rather than anti-black attitudes are an aspect of

A)traditional prejudice.
B)modern racism.
C)aversive racism.
D)racism 2.0.

Question 76

In several studies, respondents did not indicate that blacks were worse than whites, only that whites were better than blacks. For example, blacks were not rated as being lazier than whites, but whites were rated as being more ambitious than blacks. These findings exemplify which of the following?

A)Modern racism
B)Traditional racism
C)Reverse racism
D)Aversive racism

Question 77

Comedian Stephen Colbert's remarks that he does not see race, even his own, might reflect

A)aversive racism.
B)color-blind racism.
C)modern racism.
D)institutional racism.

Question 78

____________ racism refers to feelings of discomfort, unease, disgust, and sometimes fear toward racial minorities.

A)Aversive
B)Implicit
C)Color-blind
D)Prejudiced

Question 79

In ________ discrimination, the individual discriminates because of the prejudice of others.

A)institutional
B)overt
C)de jure
D)adaptive

Question 80

When schools use standard intelligence tests to place students in college preparatory tracks, they are limiting the educational advancement of minorities whose ability is not fairly measured by tests developed from white middle-class experiences. This is an example of __________ discrimination.

A)overt
B)adaptive
C)institutional
D)reverse