Deck 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

Question 1

What were the most important long-term effects of European expansion on the peoples of the Americas?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Examine the relationship between Japan and Europe from 1600 to approximately 1850.

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What motives were behind European expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

What role did private investment and initiative play in the development of European imperialism? Give specific examples.

Question 5

How did the British gain the upper hand in the competition to control Indian trade and commerce?

Question 6

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
"God, glory, and gold"

Question 7

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Marco Polo

Question 8

Compare and contrast mercantilism and capitalism. What are the most important differences between the two economic ideologies?

Question 9

How would you characterize the indigenous empires present in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans? What were their strengths, and what were their weaknesses?

Question 10

What role did disease play in facilitating the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and the Incas? In your opinion, would these conquests have been possible without epidemics that swept through the Americas in the wake of European settlement?

Question 11

How did the Columbia Exchange impact the Americas? What about Europe, Africa, and Asia?

Question 12

Why did the slave trade come to rely on the peoples of West Africa? What were the consequences for all parties involved?

Question 13

In what ways did European expansion and commercialism alter the socioeconomic hierarchy, and how did they challenge older values and structures of authority? Did those alterations impact all of Europe in the same way?

Question 14

How did European expansion affect China? How did the Chinese view European efforts to control and expand trade?

Question 15

How and why did Portugal and Spain acquire overseas empires? Compare and contrast their motivations and methods for exploration and expansion.

Question 16

What correlation is there between overseas expansion and economic, social, and political development in Europe?

Question 17

Given its relatively small population and lack of obvious resources, why was the Dutch Republic so successful in establishing a profitable overseas empire?

Question 18

What role did religion play as a motivation in the age of discovery? Was it as important a motive as economics? Give examples.

Question 19

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Prester John

Question 20

What developments helped facilitate European expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Vasco da Gama and Calicut

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Hernán Cortés and Moctezuma

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
British East India Company

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Dutch East India Company

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Nagasaki and the Dutch

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Bartholomeu Dias

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Christopher Columbus

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
compass and astrolabe

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Middle Passage

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Prince Henry the Navigator

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Francisco Pizarro

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Jesuits

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Spice Islands

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
encomienda

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
joint stock company

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
mercantilism

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
price revolution

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Ferdinand Magellan

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
John Cabot

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 41

In the early fifteenth century, Portuguese fleets explored the western coast of Africa in search of

A)spices.
B)gold.
C)salt.
D)tobacco.
E)silk.

Question 42

For which state did John Cabot, a Venetian, sail?

A)France
B)Venice
C)Spain
D)Portugal
E)England

Question 43

The first known circumnavigation of the earth is associated with

A)Amerigo Vespucci.
B)Ferdinand Magellan.
C)John Cabot.
D)Christopher Columbus.
E)Vasco da Gama.

Question 44

What was the main provision of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A)It divided the Spice Islands between Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
B)It divided South Africa between the English and the Dutch.
C)It divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
D)It divided the North Atlantic between England and France.
E)It divided the South Pacific between Spain and the Dutch Republic.

Question 45

The primary motive for European exploration during the Renaissance was

A)social, to relieve the population pressure on Europe.
B)religious, to spread the Gospel.
C)psychological, the quest for new experiences to transform a dull existence.
D)military, to provide new bases for an army.
E)economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade.

Question 46

Which Portuguese state leader initiated the European age of exploration?

A)Vasco de Gama
B)Prince Henry the Navigator
C)Bartholomeu Dias
D)Francis Drake
E)Amerigo Vespucci

Question 47

Which event reopened the doors between Europe and east Asia in the thirteenth century?

A)The Black Death
B)The Reformation
C)The fall of the Ottomans
D)Muslim conquests
E)Mongol conquests

Question 48

What best explains the success of the Portuguese in building a maritime empire?

A)Guns and seamanship
B)Gold and faith
C)Portugal's growing population
D)Civil war in China
E)Spanish help

Question 49

Which major European disease caused high rates of mortality among the natives of the New World?

A)Syphilis
B)Yellow fever
C)Smallpox
D)Scurvy
E)Avian flu

Question 50

Where was the kingdom of Prester John supposed to have been located?

A)Africa
B)East Asia
C)South America
D)North America
E)Southeast Asia

Question 51

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
mestizos and mulattoes

Question 52

What best exemplified early Spanish exploration of and expansion in the New World?

A)The first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci
B)The conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés
C)The conquest of the Incas by Magellan
D)Pizarro's landing at the Pacific coast of South America in 1530
E)Da Gama's arrival in India in 1498

Question 53

What did Vasco da Gama hope to find in India?

A)The fountain of youth
B)Salt
C)Slaves
D)Precious stones
E)Spices

Question 54

Who was the Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan were popular in medieval Europe?

A)Daniel Defoe
B)Amerigo Vespucci
C)Marco Polo
D)Leonardo Bruni
E)Jacques Cour

Question 55

In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from

A)silver.
B)copper.
C)pepper.
D)precious stones.
E)African slaves.

Question 56

Who produced a world map that was essential to European explorers in the late fifteenth century?

A)Aristotle
B)Prince Henry the Navigator
C)Ptolemy
D)Christopher Columbus
E)Hernán Cortés

Question 57

All of the following were new navigational techniques and knowledge that spurred European exploration and expansion EXCEPT

A)lateen sails.
B)the compass.
C)the quadrant and the Pole Star.
D)the astrolabe.
E)the axial rudder.

Question 58

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Columbian Exchange

Question 59

Which sea captain made the first direct voyage from Europe to India?

A)Bartholomeu Dias
B)Ferdinand Magellan
C)Francis Drake
D)Vasco da Gama
E)Amerigo Vespucci

Question 60

Mayan civilization came to include much of

A)modern-day Canada.
B)the Pacific Coast of North America.
C)the Mississippi Valley.
D)Central America and southern Mexico.
E)South America.

Question 61

Why were Native Americans not widely used as slaves on sugar plantations?

A)The Church condemned slavery as immoral.
B)They couldn't learn European languages.
C)Their populations were too small due to European diseases.
D)They were viewed as lazy and shiftless and refused to work.
E)They fought back too well and too often to be profitable.

Question 62

Most slaves taken to Portugal in the second half of the fifteenth century ended up

A)in the galleys on the Portuguese navy.
B)being re-exported to the Americas.
C)working in copper mines.
D)working on plantations.
E)as domestic servants.

Question 63

Which European nation had the first direct contact with China since Marco Polo?

A)Portugal
B)Spain
C)the Dutch Republic
D)Russia
E)England

Question 64

African slaves were shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean

A)to defeat indigenous empires and pave the way for European domination.
B)to mine vast quantities of gold to be shipped to Portugal.
C)to work on sugar plantations.
D)to cultivate tobacco.
E)to grow rice.

Question 65

The "Black Hole of Calcutta" refers to the imprisonment of British settlers in India by

A)the French
B)the Dutch
C)the local ruler of Bengal
D)the Spanish
E)the Portuguese

Question 66

Which state was the major western rival to the British in India in the seventeenth century?

A)Portugal
B)France
C)Spain
D)the Netherlands
E)Russia

Question 67

India's Mughal dynasty was

A)Hindu in religion.
B)Buddhist in religion.
C)Mongol in origin.
D)successful in expelling the British East India Company.
E)long native to the Indian subcontinent.

Question 68

In what part of Southeast Asia did the Spanish establish themselves?

A)Siam
B)The Philippines
C)Vietnam
D)Java
E)Cambodia

Question 69

Which European nation took over the spice trade from Portugal?

A)Venice
B)England
C)Spain
D)France
E)The Dutch Republic

Question 70

Which Chinese dynasty replaced the Ming in the seventeenth century and came from Manchuria?

A)Tang
B)Song
C)Yuan
D)Qin
E)Qing

Question 71

What was the encomienda ?

A)A Spanish system devised to collect tribute from natives and to use their labor
B)A system of Spanish officials who supervised local industries
C)The taxes levied on the colonists by the Spanish government
D)A hybrid tortilla made partly from maize and partly from wheat flower
E)The mission schools set up to educate the Indians

Question 72

Sir Robert Clive is associated with the consolidation of British control in

A)China.
B)India.
C)Japan.
D)New England.
E)Canada.

Question 73

Which conquistador conquered and looted the Inca Empire in 1531?

A)Cortez
B)De Soto
C)Coronado
D)De las Casas
E)Pizarro

Question 74

When Moctezuma first encountered the Spanish, he believed they were

A)Aztecs in disguise.
B)foreign spies.
C)representatives of a god.
D)Mayans.
E)punishment sent by the devil.

Question 75

Which of these factors contributed to the decline of the Ming dynasty?

A)Pressure by the English
B)A series of weak rulers
C)Pressure by the Dutch
D)Religious strife
E)Climate change

Question 76

Who were the first to be expelled from Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu?

A)Catholic missionaries
B)European merchants
C)European soldiers
D)Protestant exiles
E)African slaves

Question 77

How did the Qing government respond to the arrival of European foreigners by sea?

A)They opened China to diplomatic and trade opportunities with the Europeans.
B)They established free trade connections, but no diplomatic relations.
C)They engaged in trade, but confined European traders to a small island to limit contact.
D)They refused all overtures to engage in trade.
E)They allowed Europeans to have full contact and interaction with the Chinese.

Question 78

Why did the mainland states of Southeast Asia have better success in resisting European encroachment than did the Spice Islands and Malay states?

A)They had greater natural resources desired by the Europeans.
B)They were more politically cohesive with strong monarchies.
C)Their existence was not known to the Europeans.
D)They were Christians, and the Europeans never bothered their fellow Christians.
E)They were allied to China, which gave them military support against the Europeans.

Question 79

What statement best describes the impact of the African slave trade?

A)It had little impact upon the number of wars in Africa.
B)It reduced the number of wars in Africa because all the African states united against the European slavers.
C)It increased the number of wars in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves.
D)It died out with the discovery of the South Asian Spice Islands.
E)It was carried out peacefully as wars or violence would reduce the number of slaves and thus profits.

Question 80

The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was

A)Bartolomé de Las Casas.
B)Hernán Cortéz.
C)Afonso de Albuquerque.
D)Ignatius of Loyola.
E)Pope Paul III.