Deck 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

Question 1

What correlation is there between overseas expansion and economic, social, and political development in Europe?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Why did the slave trade come to rely on the peoples of West Africa, and what were the consequences for all parties involved?

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What was the nature of the relationship between Japan and Europe from 1600 to approximately 1850?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
portolani

Question 5

define the following term:
Marco Polo

Question 6

Given its relatively small population and lack of obvious resources, why was the Dutch Republic so successful in establishing a profitable overseas empire?

Question 7

What role did religion play as a motivation in the age of discovery? Was it as important a motive as economics? Give examples.

Question 8

define the following term:
lateen sails and square rigs

Question 9

How would you characterize the indigenous empires present in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans? What were their strengths, and what were their weaknesses?

Question 10

What were the principle doctrines of mercantilism, and how do they differ from those of capitalism?

Question 11

define the following term:
The Travels of John Mandeville

Question 12

How and why did Portugal and Spain acquire overseas empires? Compare and contrast their motivations and methods for exploration and expansion.

Question 13

What was "exchanged" in the Columbian exchange, and who gained the most?

Question 14

define the following term:
"God, glory, and gold"

Question 15

define the following term:
Prester John

Question 16

In what ways did European expansion and commercialism alter the socioeconomic hierarchy, and how did they challenge older values and structures of authority? Did those alterations impact all of Europe in the same way?

Question 17

What factors account for Britain's success in dominating India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? How were the British able both to edge out European rivals and to control the Mughals?

Question 18

define the following term:
compass and astrolabe

Question 19

define the following term:
Ptolemy's Geography

Question 20

Using specific examples, explain what role private investment and initiative played in European expansion. What was the role did state sponsorship and patronage?

Question 21

define the following term:
Bartholomeu Dias

Question 22

define the following term:
the Inca and Pachakuti

Question 23

define the following term:
Prince Henry the Navigator

Question 24

define the following term:
Spice Islands

Question 25

define the following term:
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa

Question 26

define the following term:
encomienda

Question 27

define the following term:
the Gold Coast

Question 28

define the following term:
Hernán Cortés and Moctezuma

Question 29

define the following term:
the viceroy and audiencias

Question 30

define the following term:
Ferdinand Magellan

Question 31

define the following term:
Malacca

Question 32

define the following term:
the Aztecs and Tenochtitlán

Question 33

define the following term:
Christopher Columbus

Question 34

define the following term:
Francisco Pizarro

Question 35

define the following term:
conquistadors

Question 36

define the following term:
Afonso de Albuquerque

Question 37

define the following term:
Boers and Capetown

Question 38

define the following term:
Vasco da Gama and Calicut

Question 39

define the following term:
John Cabot

Question 40

define the following term:
Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 41

define the following term:
Nagasaki and the Dutch

Question 42

define the following term:
the triangular trade

Question 43

define the following term:
Batavia

Question 44

define the following term:
inflation

Question 45

define the following term:
the asiento

Question 46

define the following term:
Dutch East India Company

Question 47

define the following term:
Robert Clive

Question 48

define the following term:
Mughal Empire

Question 49

define the following term:
Samuel de Champlain

Question 50

define the following term:
Tokugawa shoguns

Question 51

define the following term:
Gerardus Mercator

Question 52

define the following term:
Ming and Qing dynasties

Question 53

define the following term:
the Columbian Exchange

Question 54

define the following term:
"sugar factories"

Question 55

define the following term:
"Black Hole of Calcutta"

Question 56

define the following term:
Lord Macartney and Emperor Qianlong

Question 57

define the following term:
slave trade and the Middle Passage

Question 58

define the following term:
British East India Company

Question 59

define the following term:
mestizos and mulattoes

Question 60

define the following term:
Britain's Navigation Acts

Question 61

The man who established the first school for mariners was

A)King Henry II of France.
B)Prince Henry of Portugal.
C)King Henry VIII of England.
D)Prince Henry of Orange in the Netherlands.
E)Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.

Question 62

define the following term:
joint-stock trading companies

Question 63

define the following term:
House of Fugger

Question 64

In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from

A)silver.
B)copper.
C)pepper.
D)precious stones.
E)African slaves.

Question 65

The Mesoamerica civilization which existed at the time of European exploration was the

A)Maya.
B)Inca.
C)Toltec.
D)Aztec.
E)Zapotec.

Question 66

The European disease that ravaged the Aztecs and Inca was

A)syphilis.
B)hemorrhagic fever.
C)smallpox.
D)influenza.
E)gout.

Question 67

define the following term:
mercantilism

Question 68

define the following term:
price revolution

Question 69

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by

A)the first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci.
B)the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés.
C)the conquest of Mayan civilization by Magellan.
D)Pizarro's rounding of the tip of South America in 1519.
E)Cabot's search for the Northwest Passage.

Question 70

All of the following were new navigational techniques and knowledge that spurred European exploration and expansion except

A)lateen sails.
B)the compass.
C)the quadrant and the Pole Star.
D)the astrolabe.
E)the axial rudder.

Question 71

John Cabot explored the New England coastline under a license from the king of

A)France.
B)Venice.
C)Spain.
D)Portugal.
E)England.

Question 72

The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through

A)ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region.
B)the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders.
C)the use of African warriors to defeat the local residents.
D)massive bribery to local Arab overlords.
E)peaceful diplomacy between Portuguese and Arab ambassadors.

Question 73

Portugal became the early leader in European expansion through its contacts with all of the following except

A)India.
B)Newfoundland.
C)Bakongo.
D)Malacca.
E)the Spice Islands.

Question 74

The term encomienda refers to

A)a Spanish system devised to collect tribute from natives and to use their labor.
B)Spanish officials who supervised local industries.
C)taxes levied on the colonists by the Spanish government.
D)special Jesuit missionaries assigned to posts in the New World .
E)mission schools set up to educate the Indians.

Question 75

The primary motive for European exploration during the Renaissance was

A)social, to relieve the population pressure on Europe.
B)religious, to spread the Gospel.
C)psychological, the quest for new experiences to transform a dull existence.
D)military, to provide new bases for an army.
E)economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade.

Question 76

The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in

A)Spain and Portugal.
B)Florence and Venice.
C)the Byzantine Empire.
D)England and Scotland.
E)France and the Low Countries.

Question 77

The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was

A)Bartholomeu Dias.
B)Ferdinand Magellan.
C)Francis Drake.
D)Vasco da Gama.
E)Amerigo Vespucci.

Question 78

The first known circumnavigation of the earth is associated with

A)Amerigo Vespucci.
B)Ferdinand Magellan.
C)John Cabot.
D)Christopher Columbus.
E)Vasco da Gama.

Question 79

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided

A)the Spice Islands between Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
B)South Africa between the English and the Dutch.
C)the New World between Spain and Portugal.
D)the North Atlantic between England and France.
E)the South Pacific between Spain and the Dutch Republic.

Question 80

The Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe was

A)Christopher Columbus.
B)Amerigo Vespucci.
C)Marco Polo.
D)Leonardo Bruni.
E)John Mandeville.