Deck 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Question 1

define the following term:
Piedmont and the House of Savoy

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western worldview and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
Count Camillo di Cavour

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
Mexico and Emperor Maximilian

Question 5

What were the major ideas of Karl Marx? How were those ideas shaped by his understanding of both history and his own times?

Question 6

define the following term:
Ottoman Empire

Question 7

What domestic reforms did leaders in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain put into place between 1850 and 1870? Which was most successful at resolving its midcentury problems?

Question 8

define the following term:
Napoleon III

Question 9

Compare and contrast the roles of Cavour, Mazzini, and Garibaldi in the unification of Italy. Whose role was most important and why?

Question 10

define the following term:
Dardanelles and Sevastopol

Question 11

define the following term:
Baron Haussmann and Paris

Question 12

What were the aims and accomplishments of Bismarck and Cavour? Which statesman faced the greatest challenges, and who was most successful in overcoming challenges? Be specific.

Question 13

What reasons does the author give to convince the reader that Continental industrialization came of age between 1850 and 1871? How did Continental industrialization differ from that of Britain?

Question 14

How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How did Realism reflect the economic and social realities of Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

Question 15

define the following term:
Florence Nightingale

Question 16

Compare and contrast slavery in the United States with the serfdom in Imperial Russia. How and why was the abolition of both accomplished, and what consequences followed for former slaves and former serfs?

Question 17

Compare and contrast the practice of Realpolitik in the leadership of Napoleon III of France and Otto von Bismark of Prussia. What were their strengths and weaknesses as leaders, and what were their achievements?

Question 18

define the following term:
Crimean War

Question 19

In your opinion, what force or forces played the most important role in reviving the progress of European social and political reform in the later nineteenth century?

Question 20

define the following term:
battles of Magenta and Solferino

Question 21

define the following term:
the People's Will

Question 22

define the following term:
Alexander Herzen and populism

Question 23

define the following term:
Zollverein

Question 24

define the following term:
Ausgleich

Question 25

define the following term:
Franco-Prussian War

Question 26

define the following term:
Austro-Prussian War

Question 27

define the following term:
Queen Victoria

Question 28

define the following term:
"iron and blood" and Realpolitik

Question 29

define the following term:
North German Confederation

Question 30

define the following term:
battles of Sadowa and Sedan

Question 31

define the following term:
Dual Monarchy

Question 32

define the following term:
Count Otto von Bismarck

Question 33

define the following term:
Alexander II and the serfs

Question 34

define the following term:
Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone

Question 35

define the following term:
Second German Empire

Question 36

define the following term:
zemstvos

Question 37

define the following term:
Vera Zasulich

Question 38

define the following term:
Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts

Question 39

define the following term:
Reform Act of 1867

Question 40

define the following term:
mir

Question 41

define the following term:
The Communist Manifesto

Question 42

define the following term:
Hegel's dialectic

Question 43

define the following term:
First International

Question 44

define the following term:
Michael Faraday

Question 45

define the following term:
Dominion of Canada

Question 46

define the following term:
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Question 47

define the following term:
Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 48

define the following term:
materialism

Question 49

define the following term:
joint-stock investment banks

Question 50

define the following term:
Auguste Comte and "positive knowledge"

Question 51

define the following term:
Charles Darwin

Question 52

define the following term:
Joseph Lister

Question 53

define the following term:
Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 54

define the following term:
Dmitri Mendeleyev

Question 55

define the following term:
On the Origin of Species

Question 56

define the following term:
"survival of the fit"

Question 57

define the following term:
Marx's Das Kapital

Question 58

define the following term:
bourgeoisie v. proletariat

Question 59

define the following term:
Realism

Question 60

define the following term:
Louis Pasteur

Question 61

The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

A)France.
B)Spain.
C)Papal States.
D)Savoy.
E)Austria.

Question 62

The Eastern Question refers to the disintegration of

A)Qing China.
B)Meiji Japan.
C)the Russian Empire.
D)the Ottoman Empire.
E)the Austrian Empire.

Question 63

Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification,

A)instituted the Zollverein , the German customs union that drove industrial development.
B)followed a rigid plan for national unification at all costs.
C)was a liberal from lower class origins who used politics to achieve his reform goals.
D)practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy.
E)relied upon the diplomatic and military support of the Habsburgs in the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 64

England and France entered the Crimean War in 1854 because they feared growing influence in the Mediterranean by

A)Russia.
B)the Ottoman Empire.
C)Prussia.
D)Austria.
E)the United States.

Question 65

define the following term:
Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary

Question 66

The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

A)Giuseppe Mazzini.
B)Giuseppe Garibaldi.
C)Camillo di Cavour.
D)Victor Emmanuel.
E)the Duke of Alba.

Question 67

Of the following, under the Second Empire, Napoleon III was most interested in

A)the industrial development of France.
B)avoiding wars and foreign adventures.
C)enhancing civil liberties like free speech.
D)encouraging people to get involved in politics.
E)enhancing the position of the Catholic Church in French culture.

Question 68

The Romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy was

A)Matteotti.
B)Mazzini.
C)Garibaldi.
D)Sforza.
E)Cavour.

Question 69

The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when

A)Garibaldi's Red Shirts defeated the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
B)Savoy was defeated with the aid of Prussian troops.
C)Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops.
D)Piedmont took control of Lombardy as a result of French abandonment of Venice.
E)the pope renounced any territorial claims in all of Italy.

Question 70

define the following term:
Franz Liszt

Question 71

define the following term:
Charles Dickens

Question 72

Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was

A)the building of the Eiffel Tower.
B)the rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
C)a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities.
D)the damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control.
E)the construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism.

Question 73

define the following term:
Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreakers

Question 74

An overall result of the Crimean War was

A)the reinforcement of the Concert of Europe until World War I.
B)continued Russian expansionism in Europe for the next two decades.
C)increased involvement for Great Britain in continental affairs.
D)the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification.
E)to lead to the breakup of the Holy Alliance.

Question 75

In 1852 the Second Empire in France was created

A)through the assassination of Louis Napoleon.
B)when the army overthrew the Republic in a coup.
C)when the National Assembly voluntarily disbanded.
D)through a bloody revolution in Paris.
E)when French voters overwhelmingly voted for the restoration of the empire.

Question 76

Napoleon III's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in

A)the Crimea.
B)Italy.
C)Palestine.
D)Schleswig-Holstein.
E)Mexico.

Question 77

In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from

A)the Pope.
B)the kingdom of Piedmont.
C)the house of Habsburg.
D)the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
E)Young Italy.

Question 78

define the following term:
Richard Wagner and Gesamtkunstwerk

Question 79

The Red Shirts fought for

A)Bismarck.
B)Cavour.
C)Garibaldi.
D)Mazzini.
E)Marx.

Question 80

Among the policies of Camillo di Cavour was all of the following except

A)encouraging the development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont.
B)fostering business enterprise by expanding credit.
C)stimulating investment in new industries.
D)securing an alliance with Napoleon III.
E)dramatically reducing government expenditures on the military.