Deck 6: The Roman Empire

Question 1

define the following term:
princeps and the principate

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

define the following term:
legates

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

How much credit, if any, does Augustus deserve for what is referred to as the Pax Romana , the "Roman peace"?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
the imperial cult

Question 5

define the following term:
auxiliaries

Question 6

define the following term:
Augustus

Question 7

define the following term:
praetorian guard

Question 8

In what ways did imperial governance in the Age of Augustus and the Early Empire address the problems and weaknesses that led to the collapse of the Republic?

Question 9

What advantages and disadvantages faced those living in the city of Rome during the second century C.E.?

Question 10

define the following term:
Virgil's Aeneid

Question 11

define the following term:
imperator

Question 12

How does the literature of the late Republic, the Augustan Age, and the Early Empire reflect the political problems of each period?

Question 13

It has been said of the Romans that two of their major contributions to Western civilization were in the areas of law and engineering. What exactly did the Romans achieve in each area?

Question 14

How and why did the teachings of Christianity pose a challenge traditional Roman attitudes, values, and lifestyles?

Question 15

Compare and contrast the second century and the third century C.E. in the Roman Empire.

Question 16

One historian has said that the Romans became Christians and the Christians became Romans. Is that an accurate assessment of the relationship between Rome and early Christianity? Why or why not?

Question 17

The historian Edward Gibbon claimed that the Roman Empire in second century C.E. was a true Golden Age. What evidence could give credence to Gibbon's argument, and what evidence could be given to refute it?

Question 18

define the following term:
Varus and the Teutoburg Forest

Question 19

Explain the factors involved in the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Tertullian is reported to have called the blood of martyrs "the seed of the church." What role did persecution and martyrdom play in encouraging conversions?

Question 20

define the following term:
maius imperium

Question 21

define the following term:
Horace

Question 22

define the following term:
"the year of the four emperors"

Question 23

define the following term:
Caligula and Nero

Question 24

define the following term:
Ovid

Question 25

define the following term:
Caracalla and citizenship

Question 26

define the following term:
Tacitus

Question 27

define the following term:
Juvenal

Question 28

define the following term:
Colosseum and the baths of Caracalla

Question 29

define the following term:
Seneca

Question 30

define the following term:
Livy

Question 31

define the following term:
the "good emperors"

Question 32

define the following term:
Hadrian's Pantheon

Question 33

define the following term:
the Silk Road

Question 34

define the following term:
Vespasian and the Flavians

Question 35

define the following term:
Julio-Claudians

Question 36

define the following term:
Romanization

Question 37

define the following term:
the Pax Romana

Question 38

define the following term:
Marcus Aurelius' Meditations

Question 39

define the following term:
aqueducts

Question 40

define the following term:
latifundia and coloni

Question 41

define the following term:
gladiatorial games

Question 42

define the following term:
Vesuvius and Pompeii

Question 43

define the following term:
Septimius Severus

Question 44

define the following term:
Perpetua

Question 45

define the following term:
insulae

Question 46

define the following term:
Paul of Tarsus

Question 47

define the following term:
Ulpian

Question 48

define the following term:
Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls

Question 49

define the following term:
"Bread and Circuses"

Question 50

define the following term:
the Eucharist

Question 51

define the following term:
infanticide

Question 52

define the following term:
Sadducees and Pharisees

Question 53

define the following term:
bishops

Question 54

define the following term:
Decius and Diocletian

Question 55

define the following term:
Galen

Question 56

define the following term:
Jesus and Christ

Question 57

define the following term:
Goths and Franks

Question 58

define the following term:
Mithraism

Question 59

define the following term:
Zealots

Question 60

define the following term:
Messiah

Question 61

Identify the correct relationship between "golden age" author and his major work:

A)Virgil ⎯ Amores
B)Ovid ⎯ Aeneid
C)Horace ⎯ History of Rome
D)Cicero ⎯ The Georgics
E)Ovid ⎯ The Art of Love

Question 62

Roman provincial and frontier policy under Augustus was characterized by all of the following except

A)limitless expansion in central Europe.
B)the encouragement of self-government among provincial cities.
C)provincial rule by proconsuls.
D)minimum military force to the east.
E)a withdrawal from military activity in central Europe after military defeat by German tribes.

Question 63

Under the rule of Augustus, the Roman Empire

A)was a principate, with Augustus acting as an equal co-ruler with the Senate.
B)returned to its traditional republic institutions.
C)turned towards an absolute monarchy, with the princeps overshadowing the Senate.
D)experienced a series of civil wars, making Augustus unpopular among the citizenry.
E)became an oligarchy, with political power increasingly concentrate in the hands of the Senate.

Question 64

The Roman praetorian guards were

A)elite troops given the task of protecting the emperor.
B)mobile units meant to patrol the boundaries of the empire.
C)often used to train the gladiators.
D)cavalry used to spearhead military offensives.
E)stationed along Hadrian's Wall in northern Britain.

Question 65

Livy was best known in the Augustan Age for his

A)Aeneid .
B)Metamophoses.
C)Satires .
D)Meditations.
E)History of Rome in 142 books.

Question 66

The Senate granted Octavian the titles Augustus and imperator (emperor), but he preferred to be addressed as

A)pontifex
B)dominus
C)overlord
D)senator
E)princeps

Question 67

Which of the following statements was true of Augustan society?

A)Popular assemblies of the lower classes continually grew in importance.
B)Legislation was passed concerning the corruption of morals.
C)Equestrians achieved complete dominance in the political sphere.
D)Religion was no longer considered important.
E)The city of Rome, including the Colosseum, was entirely rebuilt.

Question 68

Among Augustus's most important actions in the area of Roman religion was his

A)destruction of the cults of Augustus and Roma.
B)claim to be a god in his own lifetime.
C)creation of an imperial cult.
D)outlawing all traditional female religious festivals.
E)destruction of all of the mystery religions.

Question 69

Concerning social classes during early Roman Empire,

A)provincials were allowed to hold certain high magisterial positions.
B)the power of the equestrian class was expanded.
C)the Senate was expanded to include 400 equestrians.
D)debt slavery was ended as a means to acquire slaves.
E)independent farms made up the soldiers in Rome's legions.

Question 70

The Aeneid is a poem about

A)the founding of Rome.
B)the Punic Wars.
C)the joys of farming.
D)freedom and liberty.
E)Christian justice.

Question 71

Augustus's social legislation

A)meant a social revolution at every level of Roman society.
B)made adultery a criminal offense and outlawed wasteful expenditures for feasts.
C)penalized couples for having too many children.
D)encouraged the development of the nuclear family.
E)all of the above

Question 72

The event that curtailed Augustus's expansionist policies was

A)the Senatorial rejection of imperialist policy in 20 B.C.E.
B)the defeat by Varus in the Teutoburg Forest.
C)the revolt of the Egyptians in 14 B.C.E.
D)the successful series of invasions by the Parthians in the east.
E)revolt by the Jews in Judea.

Question 73

The absolute monarchical powers of Augustus as princeps led to

A)the usual victory of his candidates in official elections.
B)the decline of popular participation in elections.
C)his great popularity, as he followed proper legal forms for his power.
D)led to the perception that he co-ruled with the senate
E)all of the above

Question 74

define the following term:
Tertullian

Question 75

Among Augustus's key innovations in Roman provincial rule was his

A)abandonment of North Africa.
B)division of Roman provinces into those ruled directly by the princeps and the senatorial provinces administered by the Senate.
C)use of military governors alone.
D)complete revision of provincial tax policies.
E)creation of a federal system wherein provincial governors had almost complete power.

Question 76

Romanization in the Roman Empire

A)varied widely in different areas of the empire in terms of its extent and speed.
B)developed first in the lower classes.
C)saw Latin illuminate the use of the Greek language in the east.
D)never included the practice of allowing local inhabitants to become Roman officials.
E)occurred more quickly in the east than the west because of greater urbanization in the east.

Question 77

The colonies of veterans established by Augustus throughout the empire

A)were used exclusively to maintain domestic order within the provinces.
B)drained the imperial treasury of its funds and caused financial crisis.
C)drew extra criticism to the emperor.
D)often rebelled against imperial authority.
E)proved especially valuable in Romanizing the provinces.

Question 78

Which of the following statements about the Roman Senate under Augustus is accurate?

A)Augustus ensured that the Senate was no longer aristocratic in its membership.
B)The Senate was a full and equal partner of the princeps .
C)Augustus retained the Senate as the chief deliberative body of the Roman state.
D)The Senate no longer functioned as a high court of justice nor was it allowed to control the public treasury.
E)Augustus completely dissolved and eliminated the Senate.

Question 79

Which of the following statements best describes the governing of Roman provinces under Augustus?

A)Efficient, with ex-generals serving as governors and instituting military rule.
B)Efficient, with legates cooperating with the local elites.
C)Inefficient, due to the corruption of Roman governors.
D)Efficient, with all governors receiving one year of training before assuming their positions.
E)Mostly efficient, although there were numerous local uprisings against Roman rule.

Question 80

The city on the Tiber that was Rome's chief port was

A)Venice.
B)Marseilles.
C)Naples.
D)Tiberius.
E)Ostia.